Abstract: A heat pack using supercooled aqueous salt solution that resists premature activation at low temperatures is disclosed. The heat pack comprises two sheets that are bonded together to form a laminated sheet. The heat pack has a first and second compartment. A frangible seal separates the two compartments. One of the compartments contains a supercooled aqueous salt solution. The salt solution contains 15 to 25 percent glycerin by mass.

Abstract: A suboccipital compression pad may include a pad member configured to contact a suboccipital region of a patient. A suboccipital compression pad may include a pair of securing straps extending respectively from opposing ends of the pad member, the pair of securing straps having proximal ends diverging into upper rear straps and lower rear straps to form an open space between the upper rear straps and the lower rear straps such that portions of the upper rear straps are located above ears of the patient and portions of the lower rear straps are located below ears of the patient without covering ears of the patient, wherein one of the upper rear straps and the lower rear straps of the pair of securing straps is configured to be selectively attachable to different locations of a back side of the pad member.

Abstract: A dry eye treatment device is provided having a mask defining a treatment cavity which is positionable on a face of a user over the eyes. A temperature altering pack such as a gel pack is positionable within the treatment cavity and a fabric cover may surround the gel pack and have medication absorbed or placed upon the fabric material.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical body warmer that achieves a sufficient heating effect even in a low-temperature environment at about 10° C. or less. A chemical body warmer including a flat housing including one or a plurality of cells each containing an exothermic composition that generates heat upon contact with air, wherein a total area of the cell or the plurality of cells in a plan view of the housing is 200 cm2 or more, and the chemical body warmer is used by being placed under a blanket.

Abstract: A method of determining blood pressure measurements includes inflating a cuff, receiving an indication of pressure inside the cuff during inflation, determining a blood pressure based at least in part on the received indication, assigning a confidence level to the blood pressure, and determining whether the confidence level satisfies a threshold confidence level. Based at least on a determination that the confidence level satisfies a threshold confidence level, the method can include causing a display to display the blood pressure. Based at least on a determination that the confidence level does not satisfy a threshold confidence level, the method can include deflating the cuff, receiving an indication of pressure inside the cuff during deflation, determining another blood pressure, and causing a display to display a blood pressure.

Abstract: A system includes a guided munition having a housing. A first reservoir is defined within the housing holding a first chemical reactant. A second reservoir is defined within the housing, wherein the second reservoir holds a second chemical reactant configured to undergo an endothermic reaction with the first chemical reactant. A frangible barrier separates between the first and second reservoirs. The frangible barrier is configured to break under forces acting on the guided munition as the guided munition is fired from a weapon. An electronic device can be housed within the housing in thermal contact with at least one of the first reservoir and/or second reservoir for cooling the electronic device with an endothermic reaction upon mixing of the first and second chemical reactants.

Abstract: A therapeutic device having a first removable pack having a first temperature, a second removable pack having a second temperature, a flexible receptacle having a first compartment and a pocket. The first compartment of the flexible receptacle is configured to receive the first removable pack. The pocket is connected to the outer wall surface of the flexible receptacle and forms a second compartment configured to receive the second removable pack through a first opening of the pocket. The therapeutic device combines both hot and cold therapy to work simultaneously together. The application of both hot and cold to the site of an injury of a user stimulates blood circulation to an injured muscle with heat and reduces inflammation with cold to facilitate a faster and more efficient recovery process of the afflicted area.

Abstract: A cooling tape and cooling pad. In a most general embodiment, the inventive tape includes a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of thermal insulation; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. The third layer is constructed with reactants effective to cause an endothermic chemical reaction. In a first embodiment, the invention provides a beverage cooling device. In a second embodiment, the invention provides a pipe cooling/freezing device. The cooling pad is implemented with a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of material; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. In the illustrative embodiment, the third layer has a contour effective to create suction whereby the pad adheres to a surface to be cooled.

Abstract: A thermal pad system is disclosed in which two or more thermal pads can be connected together to cover a larger region of the body than a single pad, and the joining is done in such a way that there is substantially no gap between the volumes of thermal material in each pad on the side of the pads that is applied to the user's body. Each thermal pad is substantially flat, and includes a fringe portion around a volume of thermal material, wherein the two sides are joined together to create a liquid barrier. A joining clip is used to connect two thermal pads together by lifting the fringe portions along corresponding edges of the two pads away from the side of the pads to be applied to the body, and the joining clip is configured to not just hold the fringe portion sections together, but also to urge the two volume portions together under the joined fringe portion sections.

Abstract: A U sleep weighted pillow promotes healthy sleep essential oils is presented. The U sleep weighted pillow provides comfort to a head, to an upper portion of the face, for body aches and pains. The U sleep weighted pillow provides a warming or a cooling to a desired body part while a person is laying down, sitting, etc. The U sleep weighted pillow further has custom weighting and firmness of the U sleep weighted pillow by the person. The U sleep weighted pillow helps restore movement from injured tissue, reduces joint stiffness, muscle spasms, sprains, strains, whiplash, pain relief, ease pain from both acute and chronic injuries, arthritis, promotes blood circulation and helps to relax muscle.

Abstract: A cryolipolysis device is provided. The cryolipolysis device includes a suction unit including a flange configured to press against a treatment area of a user, and a chamber contiguous with the flange that defines a cavity configured to receive an ice pack. The cryolipolysis device also includes a manual vacuum device configured to produce suction within the chamber of the suction unit to generate a vacuum to maintain the flange against the treatment area of the user.

Abstract: A flexible adhesive kinesiology/physio tape adapted to produce heat from the exothermic oxidation when exposed to air. The inventive tape includes a layer of porous material with iron and salt disposed therein. In the best mode, the layer is flexible and self-adhesive. A layer of plastic is included to inhibit oxidation prior to application and use. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive flexible adhesive tape includes a first layer of flexible adhesive high quality porous fabric; a second layer of flexible adhesive high quality porous fabric; and the layer of flexible exothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. The third layer can be fabricated with cellulose, iron, water, activated carbon, vermiculite and salt or fabricated with a mixture of chemical salt in dry crystal form with water. Or any other chemical mixture that creates an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A cerebral protection system generally includes an array of cold packs, an insulating cover, and optionally a set of trays. The cold pack contains two reactive materials separated by a rupturable membrane. When the first reactive material and the second reactive material are mixed, an endothermic reaction occurs. The system can be used to induce hypothermia in selected regions of the brain when used. The system can be used to treat conditions including concussion, traumatic brain injury (TBI), heatstroke, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, anoxic brain injury, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Abstract: An insulated cold pack for cooling a product, the cold pack including a viscous cooling agent that may serve as a plant fertilizer when discarded. The cooling agent encapsulated in at least one sealed flexible walled package, the one or more flexible walled packages located on the first side of the insulated cold pack. In addition, the cold pack includes biodegradable loose-fill insulation covering the second side of the insulated cold pack. An encapsulating barrier surrounds both the viscous cooling agent on the first side of the insulated cold pack as well as the loose-fill insulation on the second side. The loose-fill insulation secured in position within the encapsulating barrier and the insulation positioned in contact with the product or optionally closely spaced from the product to be cooled.

Abstract: The endothermic syringe sleeve is an insulating storage structure. The endothermic syringe sleeve is configured to store a burette that contains an arterial blood samples. The endothermic syringe sleeve is configured to cool the arterial blood sample. The endothermic syringe sleeve is configured to store the arterial blood sample in the cooled state. The endothermic syringe sleeve comprises an endothermic sleeve and the burette. The endothermic sleeve forms a cooled environment within which the burette is stored.

Abstract: A method for regulating immune cells includes applying a stimulus to a specific area to be stimulated at a body surface by a stimulus applying apparatus so as to bring an increase rate of a blood flow to 60% or more, preferably, 100% or more. The blood flow is measured by a laser Doppler tissue blood flow meter attached to a central part of an inner side of a wrist joint. The regulating and balancing these T cell groups finely is essential to maintain the immune system of human beings and increase in blood flow volume by thermal therapy enables a regulatory T cell to regulate and balance the immune cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disposable body warmer that makes it possible to suppress scattering of moisture contained in the exothermic composition from the outer bag, and thereby ensure a desired exothermic duration of the exothermic composition when the disposable body warmer is kept in an unused state for a long period of time. The disposable body warmer is structured such that an exothermic composition that contains moisture and generates heat by contact with air is enclosed in one or more air-permeable inner bags, which are accommodated in an airtight outer bag. The outer bag comprises two accommodation units that are partitioned from each other and capable of containing the one or more inner bags. The one or more inner bags each comprise at least one enclosure unit capable of enclosing the exothermic composition, and are accommodated in each accommodation unit in a manner such that at least one of the enclosure units is overlaid with another enclosure unit.

Abstract: An analysis bag for receiving a biological sample for microbial culture with a culture broth powder disposed within an inner volume of the container and retained by a porous wall. The culture broth powder can be disposed in at least one pouch comprising an envelope of porous material with an open inner volume. The container can have two compartments sharing a common porous wall with one compartment adapted to receive the culture broth powder and the other compartment adapted to receive the biological sample. The pouch can be manufactured with a panel of porous material folded over and sealed with the culture broth powder retained therein. A microbial culture process can be implemented with such analysis bags retaining at least one pouch or having compartments separated by a common porous wall.

Abstract: A toy for a pet generally includes a housing defining an opening, and an insert configured to fit at least partly within the opening of the housing. The insert is expandable from a first configuration in which the insert is capable of freely moving into and/or out of the opening of the housing to a second configuration in which the insert is inhibited from moving out of the opening of the housing. In some aspects, the insert is configured to substantially fill the opening of the housing when in the second configuration. In some aspect, the housing may have multiple openings, each capable of receiving an insert. And, in some aspects, the insert is expandable from the first configuration to the second configuration by heating the insert or exposing the insert to microwave energy.

Abstract: A dermatological device for cooling the skin comprised of an ice pack and a heat conductive shield configured to operate as an aseptic separator between said skin and the ice pack and to conduct heat from the skin to the ice pack. This invention is also a method of cooling the skin which comprises cooling an ice pack, placing the ice pack over an aseptic shield and applying the other side of the shield to the skin. Heat flow is controlled by adjusting the contact surface between components within the shield.

Abstract: A method comprises preparing a cooling device for use in a therapeutic cooling apparatus. The cooling device comprises a self-contained unit. The therapeutic cooling apparatus comprises a cavity being configured to accept a portion of a user's body part, a quantity of a liquid for surrounding the body part and an apparatus portion being configured to retain the cooling device. The apparatus portion further comprises a divider separating the apparatus portion from the cavity. The divider is configured to be operable for transferring heat from the liquid to the cooling device. The method further comprises chilling the cooling device, placing the body part into the cavity, and filling the cavity with the liquid to surround the body part enabling a heat transfer from the body part to the liquid and a heat transfer from the liquid through the divider to the cooling device to cool the user.

Abstract: The bib for relieving a fever is a child-care accessory adapted for us in caring for an infant or small child. The bib for relieving a fever is a bib that can be secured around the neck of a child or a caretaker. The bib contains a cold pack that) prevents heat transfer from the caretaker to the child when the child is being held, and helps to cool the child. The bib for relieving a fever includes a bib and a cold pack.

Abstract: A therapeutic wrap includes a plurality of substantially rectangular chambers configured to receive a first amount of a thermoconductive material, and a plurality of substantially square chambers coupled to at least one of the substantially rectangular chambers, the square chambers configured to receive a second amount of a thermoconductive material. The substantially rectangular chambers and the substantially square chambers collectively define a substantially rectangular apparatus.

Abstract: An air permeable envelope has a gripper for securing the envelope to a seat. A mixture contained in the air permeable envelope can react exothermically upon exposure to air. A sealed bag that is relatively air impermeable, initially holds the air permeable envelope and mixture together with the gripper. Upon opening and unsealing the bag, the mixture is exposed to air in order to start an exothermic reaction. The envelope and the gripper are removed from the bag and the gripper is used to attach the envelope upon the seat to warm it.

Abstract: A thermal therapy device comprising a flexible, water-impermeable container containing a plurality of discrete, non-water-soluble hydrophillic absorbers, a hydrating liquid mixture comprising water, means for physically separating at least two adjacent absorbers thereby providing a means for preventing clumping, and a plurality of insulating members. The means for preventing clumping maintaining the pliability of the device in a frozen state after prolonged and extend cycles of freezing/thawing. A rigid storage container is also provided.

Abstract: A heat pack for warming the heel of an infant with a front panel and a rear panel wherein the rear panel is adapted for placement on the infant's heel and has an outer layer formed of a nonwoven material which may be wetted. A band is provided for attaching the heat pack to the infant's heel. Heat from the heat pack effectively drives water applied to the nonwoven material into the infant's heel where it is then trapped in the skin under the heat pack. By thus moisturizing and softening the skin, a puncture necessary for taking a blood sample is eased.

Abstract: This invention provides a thin and discreet coolant device, and single and multiple unit dispenser containers containing the same. The coolant device comprises a first packet being comprised of a waterproof or water-resistant material containing water therewithin and further comprising a fold and further adapted to have a selectively permanent connection between external and internal layers of said fold, such that upon applying a force to laterally extend the ends of said packet, a rupture of said first packet occurs allowing for the leakage of the water contained therewithin. The coolant device further comprises a second packet which encases said first packet, comprising an exterior and interior layer, wherein said interior layer is comprised of an absorbant material and said exterior layer is comprised of a waterproof or water-resistant material and wherein an amount of powdered urea is located within an interior of said second packet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and improved positioning device for stabilizing a subject on an operation table without a clinician's manual fitting. The inventive positioning device comprises a mattress/pad with a shell filled with a substance and a vacuum outlet on the sidewall of the shell. The invention also provides a warming device for preventing hypothermia of a subject on an operation table. The inventive warming device comprises a single cavity or an array of closed cuboid cavities contained in a shell and filled with a phase change material (PCM) in a form of liquid, and a triggering means for activating nucleation of the phase change material, which leads to an exothermic crystallization of the material to start the heat emission. The invention further provides a combination device that performs positioning and warming functions simultaneously.

Abstract: The present device generally relates to an adjustable heating/cooling pack. The heating/cooling pack is especially suitable for use on an injured or sore leg or arm of a user. The heating/cooling pack may first be placed in a freezer or refrigerator (or microwave if heat is desired) and removed prior to use. The device has a securing means which allows it to remain in a rolled up tube configuration having a closed environment prior to use. As a result, the device remains cool or warm for a longer period of time than other heating/cooling packs. In addition, items may be stored and carried inside the device while the device is in the closed configuration (third position).

Abstract: A moist heat therapy compress for therapeutic treatment of a treated body part. The moist heat therapy compress includes a fluid-permeable shell, a flexible backing fastened to the shell to define an enclosure, and hydrophilic zeolite fill granules loosely contained within the enclosure. The moist heat therapy compress is exposed to a source of moisture to cause absorption of water into the hydrophilic zeolite, and the moisture is delivered from the hydrophilic zeolite through the fluid permeable shell to the treated body portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separable device for the application of compression and thermal therapy to a patient. A first section includes a reservoir, liquid pump and a thermal exchange system for the application of thermal therapy as well as a dock. The second section of the device includes an air compressor and at least one controller for the application of compression therapy and can be operated independently from the first section. Additionally, the second section may be engaged with a dock of the first section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-cost, low-power therapeutic hypothermia device for use in developing nations. The device includes a first and second receptacle separated by a space filled with a porous material such as sand. A cooling chemical can also be added to the porous material in order to speed cooling. Water is added to the porous material and a neonate is placed into the device for therapeutic hypothermia treatment. The neonate is monitored carefully using temperature sensors and a feedback system integrated into the device. Cooling can be modulated and/or warming commenced by adding Styrofoam blocks to raise the neonate off the surface of the device.

Abstract: Infant warming systems are described herein generally comprising a temperature regulation assembly which encloses a phase change material (PCM). The temperature regulation assembly may be initially heated (or re-heated) by water contained within a heating assembly and then placed within a retaining pouch of an infant bedding. The PCM may then provide constant heat over a period of time to the infant. A control/indicator interface coupled to the regulation assembly may constantly monitor the temperature of the PCM as well as the ambient temperature to provide one or more indications or alerts to the user with respect to one of several states of the warming assembly.

Abstract: A therapeutic ice bag shaped to cover a specific body part of a wearer. A timer is positioned on the bag to enable the user to determine when to remove the bag after a period of use.

Abstract: A coin-sized implantable electroacupuncture (EA) device defines a stimulation paradigm, or stimulation regimen, that controls when EA stimulation pulses are applied to a selected acupoint, or other specified tissue location, to treat hypertension or nondipping. The stimulation regimen is applied when the patient is sleeping in order to minimize or mitigate the occurrence of nondipping or reverse dipping of the patient's blood pressure. In one embodiment, medical personnel, set a timing reference marker at the time of implant that defines how much time should elapse before a nighttime stimulation window opens that allows an EA stimulation session to be applied to the patient. In another embodiment, the patient sets the time when the nighttime stimulation window opens or when the EA stimulation session begins. Typically, an EA stimulation session is applied to the patient at a low duty cycle, e.g., only once a week during the nighttime.

Abstract: A method, device, and system for treatment of urinary tract disorders is provided. The device includes a catheter having multiple lumens for insertion into a urinary bladder and for providing fluid flow within the bladder and within the fluid reservoir within the urethra. The device further includes an anchor to be placed within the bladder. A port hub having multiple ports is connected at a proximal end of the catheter. A method of treatment includes providing heated fluid to a urinary bladder and to a fluid reservoir for insertion into an adjacent organ such as the urethra. Simultaneous treatment or separate treatment may be done. Optionally, a medicated solution may be added to the heated fluid. Additionally, pressure may be adjusted so as to optimize the therapeutic effect.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for regulating body temperature. The system includes a housing that comprises compartments for a phase change material and a heat transfer material. The compartments are configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer material to the phase change material. A temperature sensor is used to determine when the phase change material has reached a pre-determined temperature. When the pre-determined temperature is reached, a release mechanism or lever is coupled to the temperature sensor to separate the phase change material compartment from the heat transfer material compartment or to remove the heat transfer material away from the phase change material compartment. The heated phase change material compartment can be used to regulate body temperature.

Abstract: Plastic sheet can be heat-sealed to form a water-tight envelope having an open top. A water-tight frangible container can be loaded into the envelope through the open top. The water-tight frangible container can contain a predetermined amount of water. A predetermined amount of urea can be loaded into the envelope through the open top. Separate from the loading of the urea, a predetermined amount of ammonium chloride can be loaded into the envelope through the open top. The relative proportions of the predetermined amount of urea, the predetermined amount of ammonium chloride, and the predetermined amount of water can be selected to provide a target cooling effect to a portion of a body to which cooling is to be applied. The open top of the envelope can be heat-sealed to form a water-tight outer pack.

Abstract: The present invention is a two-layer garment adapted to receive one or more body parts to provide a user with compression and thermal therapy. The two layers comprise of an inner base layer having a compression fit and an outer mesh layer. The layers are attached to one another such that an intermediate space exists between the two layers. The intermediate space is accessible through one or more openings to the intermediate space. The opening and intermediate space are adapted to receive a thermal transferring element. A thermal pouch having a plurality of projections on an outward facing surface may receive the thermal transferring element prior to insertion into the intermediate space or the projections may be located on the thermal transferring element itself. The outer mesh layer receives the projections securing the thermal transferring element at any location, resulting in unmatched customizable thermal and compression therapy.

Abstract: A thermal regulation blanket includes a plurality of cells with a first reagent. A plurality of pouches with a second reagent are disposed within the plurality of cells. A plurality of dividers are disposed between each of the plurality of cells. A thermally conductive layer is disposed over the cells and the plurality of dividers. When the first reagent and the second reagent mix, a thermal reaction occurs which modifies a temperature of the thermally conductive layer. A method of providing thermal therapy to a patient includes positioning the patient on a thermal regulation blanket, an abdomen of the patient is engaged with at least one abdominal blanket of the thermal regulation blanket. At least one cell of the thermal regulation blanket is activated to begin providing thermal therapy to the patient. A temperature of the thermal regulation blanket is monitored with a temperature sensor. At least one additional cell is activated to adjust the temperature of the thermal regulation blanket.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system which employs a cooling or heating pad which is preferably a thin, flexible pad for placement at an intended area of the body. The pad includes a layer of highly conductive material which can be cooled or heated using a portable source of heat or cold material delivered to the conductive material by a delivery conduit. Valves can be included to regulate flow of the cooling or heating material from the source to the pad. The system can also include a dual-chambered canister for containing two different media for heating, cooling or for alternating heating and cooling the pad.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for regulating body temperature. The system includes a housing that comprises compartments for a phase change material and a heat transfer material. The compartments are configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer material to the phase change material. A temperature sensor is used to determine when the phase change material has reached a pre-determined temperature. When the pre-determined temperature is reached, a release mechanism or lever is coupled to the temperature sensor to separate the phase change material compartment from the heat transfer material compartment or to remove the heat transfer material away from the phase change material compartment. The heated phase change material compartment can be used to regulate body temperature.

Abstract: A coupled/paired stimulus pulse is delivered to the heart at an inter-pulse interval following one of i) detection of an intrinsic depolarization or ii) delivery of a primary stimulus pulse. Capture resulting from the coupled/paired stimulus pulse is sensed for. In response to capture by a coupled/paired stimulus pulse, the inter-pulse interval is incrementally decreased by a first amount until there is no capture by a coupled/paired stimulus pulse. In response to no capture by a coupled/paired stimulus pulse, the inter-pulse interval is incrementally increased by a second amount greater than the first amount, until capture by a coupled/paired stimulus pulse is detected. Once capture is again detected, paired/coupled pacing is delivered at the inter-pulse interval which resulted in capture for a predetermined period of time or until loss of capture occurs.

Abstract: A wrap for applying thermal therapy to a body part includes a substantially liquid-tight, flexible polymer bag for containing a thermal agent which is attached to a wrap body formed from a non-expandable material. The bag is fastened to the wrap body such that the fastening area is 25% or less than the area of the bag. A pair of wings formed from an expandable, retractable material extends from each of opposite sides of the wrap body. Releasable fasteners are attached at the ends of at least two wings to attach to the ends of the opposite wings to secure the bag over the body part.

Abstract: A sequential compression and temperature therapy blanket with a plurality of air chambers is disclosed. The air chambers are filled and released by a valve assembly that may be separate from or integrated within the blanket. The temperature therapy blanket includes a fluid bladder for delivering hot and/or cold therapy to a patient. The temperature therapy blanket may also include an air bladder for providing compression.

Abstract: An eyelid margin wipe comprising chemical means for adjusting the temperature of the wipe relative to the ambient temperature. The wipe is particularly useful for treatment of disorders of the eyelid or eyelid margin such as meibomian gland dysfunction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the prevention and treatment of shivering encountered during therapeutic temperature regulation are disclosed that utilize an active system of counterwarming such that the timing and intensity of warmth provided to selected body areas is regulated dynamically in response to such factors as the extent of cooling applied to the core, the degree of shivering encountered, and patient temperature. Additionally, methods and apparatus are disclosed for the measurement and quantification of shivering for use in this and other applications.

Abstract: A thermal therapy device comprising a flexible, water-impermeable container containing a plurality of discrete, non-water-soluble hydrophillic absorbers, a hydrating liquid mixture comprising water, means for physically separating at least two adjacent absorbers thereby providing a means for preventing clumping, and a plurality of insulating members. The means for preventing clumping maintaining the pliability of the device in a frozen state after prolonged and extend cycles of freezing/thawing. A rigid storage container is also provided.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the application of portable and reusable cooling devices that comprise fabric covered pillowettes filled with either an herbal blend or a self-contained gel pack designed to be frozen before application directly to the skin of hot or bruised humans and animals to relieve heat distress or swelling.

Abstract: In one aspect, an epidermal coolant dispensable by an aerosol container includes a phase change material that changes phase between about 28-degrees and 40-degrees Celsius. The coolant also includes a solvent in which the phase change material is dissolved and a surfactant. The coolant may further include a propellant to express the product from the aerosol container. In another aspect, an epidermal coolant includes a porous material and a phase change material retained in the porous material. The phase change material has a melting point between about 0-degrees Celsius and about 65-degrees Celsius and is retained in the porous material when the phase change material is in either the solid or liquid phase.