Abstract: A transdermal administration method for protein or peptide drug that contacting and ionizing a protein or peptide drug immersed in hydrophilic polymer with ionizing solvent composition, and forming the drug pathway on epidermis by plural skin needles or treating the skin by a razor, and transferring the above ionized drug into the skin by electric force.

Abstract: An apparatus for neutralizing, or reducing the effects of, irritants introduced into a subject's body by the sting or bite of an animal such as a snake, spider, or insect. Embodiments of the apparatus include a self-contained electrical power source and are compact and easy to use by a single person. A pair of electrodes are provided on the apparatus which are adapted to make electrical contact with the subject's body at the site of a sting or bite. The apparatus generates a series of pulses which are conveyed to the electrodes. The pulses have a frequency in the range from about 5 Hz to about 50 Hz and a duration in the range from about 50 microseconds to about 50 milliseconds. The intensity of the pulses is controlled and are preferably alternatively positive pulses and negative pulses to reduce problems such as electrode polarization and tissue damage. The frequency, intensity, and duty cycle of the pulses is controlled so that discomfort due to the treatment is minimized.