Abstract: The pulsating behavioral activity of a neural network such as that embodied n a brain tissue slice is monitored by measurement of intervals between spontaneous events to identify the presence of a chaotic regime and determine by real-time calculation a waiting time for electrical pulse intervention pursuant to a behavioral modifying program having a control or anti-control strategy.

Abstract: An interferential stimulation device for providing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to a living body. The device applies current at two difference frequencies, each across two contact points on the body, spaced about a selected crossing point. The different frequencies produce at the crossing point a low frequency beat by the heterodyne process for specific stimulation at the crossing point. Electronic circuitry is provided to generate the desired signals and apply them through body contacting pads. Several modes for changing the stimulation smoothly, with the interference beat frequency ramped over a selected range over a selected time period provides superior results and prevents accommodation to the device. Several different ramp beat frequency ranges are provided, including a long range ramp, a relatively low frequency ramp and a relatively high frequency ramp.

Abstract: A method for the therapeutic stimulation of bone growth of a bone site is disclosed comprising the steps of implanting first and second electrodes into the tissue near the base site. The electrodes are coupled to a bone growth stimulator which generates an alternating current.

Abstract: A method of microcurrent electrotherapy utilizing a combination of specified values for selected parameters including electrical stimulus wave form, direction, magnitude, voltage, polarity and frequency to provide a variety of therapeutic enhancements.

Abstract: A cardiac pacemaker or other tissue stimulator including first and second stimulation electrodes mounted adjacent to one another and adjacent the tissue to be stimulated, such as a chamber of a heart, a return electrode and a pulse generator which independently generates two or more stimulation pulses. The pulses are applied between the first stimulation electrode and the return electrode and between the second electrode and the return electrode in an overlapping fashion. By controlling the relative timing and polarity of the pulses, the potential gradient between the electrodes and the rate of change of the potential gradient may be varied.

Abstract: A cardiac pacing apparatus and method. A cardiac pacing apparatus (24) provides a cardiac pacing signal to a plurality of electrode pairs (20, 22), each comprising a positive electrode (20a, 22a) and a negative electrode (20b, 22b). A plurality of isolated current sources (30, 32) supply the electrode pairs with separate electric pacing currents, each small enough in magnitude so as to avoid patient discomfort or burning. The plurality of pacing currents delivered to the electrode pairs add to produce a total cardiac pacing current of sufficient magnitude to cause contraction of a heart muscle through which the pacing currents flow.