Abstract: Cochlear implant systems can include a cochlear electrode and a stimulator in electrical communication with the cochlear electrode. The stimulator can be in communication with a controller, which is in communication with a testing circuit and a switching network. The stimulator can include a plurality of source elements. The controller can control the switching network to place the plurality of source elements into communication with the testing circuit. The controller can further cause one of the plurality of source elements to emit an electrical current and can determine an amount of electrical current emitted from the source element using the testing circuit. The controller can compare the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the source element with a prescribed current. The controller can adjust the output of each of the plurality of source elements based on the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the stimulator.

Abstract: An electrotherapy device includes a storage unit that stores code data in which a plurality of output frequencies are aligned in order of output and to which a code number is assigned and course data in which the plurality of code numbers are aligned in order of output and to which a course number is assigned, and a controller that extracts the course data from the storage unit based on the input course number, extracts the pieces of code data based on the extracted course data, and controls an output unit to output AC currents of the output frequencies in order based on the pieces of code data, wherein the output unit includes switches (ST1) to (ST4) configured to switch to any one of a first output circuit that outputs the AC currents to at least either of a pad electrode or a mat (12) in which a conductive wiring (12e) is arranged and a second output circuit that outputs the AC currents to a probe (13) having pin electrodes (13e).

Abstract: An electrical stimulation device is provided. The electrical stimulation device includes a power management circuit and an electrical stimulation generation circuit. The power management circuit generates a first voltage and a second voltage to power the electrical stimulation generation circuit. The electrical stimulation generation circuit includes a working-electrode contact and a reference-electrode contact. The electrical stimulation generation circuit generates a first electrical signal at the working-electrode contact and further generates a second electrical signal at the reference-electrode contact. The first electrical signal comprises a plurality of first alternating-current (AC) pulses configuring to for electrically stimulate a target region of a target object.

Abstract: A simulated dissectible tissue model for practicing surgical skills is provided. The simulated tissue comprises a simulated anatomical structure, such as one or more artificial vessel, embedded with a silicone gel layer between two silicone layers. The simulated dissectible tissue, with or without a simulated anatomical structure, is connected to one or more artificial organ via a fiberfill layer. The fiberfill layer includes a plurality of entangled fibers embedded between two adjacent silicone layers. The fiberfill layer creates a dissection plane that permits the one or more artificial organ to be removed by spreading apart and selectively dissecting the chains of entangled fibers. Artificial nerves may be included in fiberfill layer.

Abstract: Certain embodiments are directed to methods of treating a metabolic disease in a subject using a fully implantable electrical stimulation system to provide or administer a therapy. In certain aspects a stimulation lead is implanted proximally to a stomach acupoint, the stimulation lead being coupled to an implantable signal generator; and stimulating the acupoints using the signal generator to treat the metabolic disease.

Abstract: A spectral electrotherapy device and a method of controlling the same are introduced, wherein a central processing unit provides a control signal for controlling the switching operation of an output driver to generate output voltage, thereby controlling output features of the spectral electrotherapy device. The control signal provided by the central processing unit to a switching unit uses central frequency f0 as a standard to thereby define the bandwidth of the central frequency f0 with difference ?f and define the points in time of the next change in the central frequency f0 and the difference ?f with first and second time intervals t1, t2, respectively. Values of the central frequency f0, the difference ?f, the first time interval t1, the second time interval t2 are generated from a dynamic parameter generating unit in different points in time. Electrical stimulation thus performed on the human body is complete and comprehensive.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining stimulation parameters for a neuroprosthetic device performed by a processor of the device. Based on (i) a desired spatial pattern of neural activity, the processor determines stimulation parameters for an array of electrodes of the neuroprosthetic device. The processor determines the stimulation parameters such that a difference between (i) the desired spatial pattern of neural activity and (ii) an estimated spatial pattern of neural activity is optimised. The estimated spatial pattern of neural activity is an estimate of a response of a target neural tissue to being stimulated by the neuroprosthetic device based on the stimulation parameters. This method allows higher resolution stimulation and allows electrode arrays with higher electrode density to be usefully employed.

Abstract: Cells that are in the process division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time at particular frequencies with particular filed strengths. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like bacteria, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results can be obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency.

Abstract: The present method and system provides for the clinical application of neurostimulation and/or neuromodulation to a patient. The method and system includes receipt and acquisition of patient data, processing of that data relative to one or more known data sets, and determination of a good-fit trigger specific treatment protocol. The method and system provides for application of the protocol to the patient, including delivery of neuromodulation and biofeedback. Based thereon, the method and system re-iterates the goodness of fit determination for further treatment to the patient.

Abstract: A method and device for treating a condition aggravated by the presence of amyloid fibrils is disclosed. The method includes applying a plurality of ultra-short pulses to target tissue comprising amyloid fibrils. The plurality of ultra-short pulses produce an electric field in the target tissue sufficient to change a molecular structure of the amyloid fibrils without causing the death, destruction, or serious injury of healthy cells surrounding the target tissue. For example, the plurality of ultra-short pulses can be sufficient to change the molecular structure of amyloid fibrils without causing apoptosis or necrosis of surrounding cells. The ultra-short pulses can be applied using an electrode device or a wideband antenna. The ultra-short pulses can have a duration ranging from 1 ps to 10 ns, an amplitude ranging from 100 V to 1 MV, and can apply an electrical field to the target tissue ranging from 1 kV/cm to 1 MV/cm.

Abstract: Described here are devices, systems, and methods for treating one or more conditions (such as dry eye) or improving ocular health by providing stimulation to nasal or sinus tissue. Generally, the devices may be handheld or implantable. In some variations, the handheld devices may have a stimulator body and a stimulator probe having one or more nasal insertion prongs. When the devices and systems are used to treat dry eye, nasal or sinus tissue may be stimulated to increase tear production, reduce the symptoms of dry eye, and/or improve ocular surface health.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are provided for the targeted treatment of abnormal sensory conditions. In such conditions, physical stimuli is transduced into neuronal impulses that are subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system for processing. Such transduction is achieved by primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglions. Subcellular structures on primary sensory neurons can significantly modulate the function of these neurons, thereby affecting the transduction and reducing the abnormal sensory experiences. Thus, devices, systems and methods are provided for neuromodulating subcellular structures on primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglions.

Abstract: A method comprises applying a first open-loop electrical signal to a neural structure at a first rate. The method also comprises applying a closed-loop electrical signal to the neural structure in response to an event detection, thus causing an overall rate at which electrical stimulation is applied to the neural structure to exceed the first rate. The method further comprises applying a second open-loop electrical signal to a neural structure at a second rate that is lower than the first rate, thus causing the overall rate to be reduced to the first rate.

Abstract: A device for stimulation via electric and magnetic fields is provided. The autonomic/vegetative nervous system can be controlled by signals in the frequency ranges of 0.05 to 0.15 Hz and 0.15 to 0.30 Hz, respectively. By addition of characteristic sinusoidal oscillations between the head and a peripheral area with the corresponding low-frequency sympathetic or parasympathetic control frequency as base oscillation and with application-typical EEG frequencies and higher-frequency sinusoidal oscillations in the range of ca. 250 to 1500 Hz, characteristic stimulation programs are established. These are applied by field applicators in the upper body area and in the lower body. The associated mat applicators distribute field energy. The field applicator is equipped with a combination of a magnetic-field-generating coil arrangement and an electrode arrangement generating the electric field. The electrode generating the electric field can at the same time be designed as a magnetic-field-generating coil.

Abstract: An implantable device (10) is used to emit electrical stimulation signals to surrounding tissue by means of at least one stimulation electrode (17). The device (10) has a sensor unit (26), which generates a useful signal (D) in the form of analogue voltage pulses (73) from externally fed signals, and an output stage (28) which generates the stimulation signals (E) from the useful signal (D). The output stage (28) emits the stimulation signals (E) in, averaged over time, a substantially DC voltage free fashion to an external ground (29), which can be connected to the tissue (64).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of alleviating motion sickness in a patient during a predetermined event. The predetermined event commencing at a start time. The patient having a vestibular system. The method including determining the start time of the predetermined event. The method further including providing a stimulus to the vestibular system of the patient during a treatment, the treatment occurring a predetermined amount of time before the start time of the predetermined event and lasting a predetermined duration.

Abstract: Endovascular nerve monitoring devices and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. A nerve monitoring system configured in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present technology can include a shaft having a proximal portion and a distal portion and a nerve monitoring assembly at the distal portion. The shaft is configured to locate the distal portion intravascularly at a treatment site. The nerve monitoring assembly can include a bipolar stimulation electrode array and a bipolar recording electrode array disposed distal to the bipolar stimulation electrode assembly.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator includes one or more radio frequency (RF) power sources and an output stage including at least two output lines for connection to an electrosurgical instrument. The generator includes means for measuring a parameter associated with the electrosurgical procedure, such as the impedance measured across two of the output lines. A controller controls the generator such that it delivers a first RF waveform (such as a cutting signal) or a second RF waveform (such as a coagulating signal) to the output lines, and, in a combined mode, both first and second waveforms. The controller automatically adjusts at least one aspect of one or both waveforms in the combined mode, in response to the measured parameter associated with the surgical procedure.

Abstract: Methods and devices for stimulating nerves are disclosed. In one embodiment adapted for stimulating excitable tissue, the invention includes drive circuitry, an acoustic transducer and a pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A device may include at least one pair of modulation electrodes configured for implantation in the vicinity of a nerve to be modulated such that the electrodes are spaced apart from one another along a longitudinal direction of the nerve to be modulated. The electrodes may be further configured to facilitate an electric field in response to an applied electric signal, the electric field including field lines extending in the longitudinal direction of the nerve to be modulated. The device may further include at least one circuit in electrical communication with the at least one pair of modulation electrodes and being configured to cause application of the electric signal applied at the at least one pair of modulation electrodes.

Abstract: Removal of damaged tissue itself can enable biosynthetic activity in vivo as an unburdened homeostatic or repair response. By removing a biologic and mechanical irritant, the lesion site can be altered to a more favorable perturbation-specific mechanotransductive environment supportive of differentiated gene expression. One aspect of one embodiment of the present invention provides an engineered irrigant that produces ion exchanges in tissues for example deliver of protons which interact with biology tissues.

Abstract: The present invention provides both methods and devices for termination of arrhythmias, such as ventricular or atrial tachyarrhythmias. The device and method involves application of alternating current (AC) for clinically significant durations at selected therapeutic frequencies through the cardiac tissue to a subject experiencing arrhythmia. Methods are also provided to minimize or eliminate pain during defibrillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of alleviating motion sickness in a patient during a predetermined event. The predetermined event commencing at a start time. The patient having a vestibular system. The method including determining the start time of the predetermined event. The method further including providing a stimulus to the vestibular system of the patient during a treatment, the treatment occurring a predetermined amount of time before the start time of the predetermined event and lasting a predetermined duration.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and system for obtaining baseline patient information. In some examples, a method may include acquiring first patient data, wherein the first patient data comprises at least one of first posture state data indicative of a plurality of posture states of a patient during a first time period or first therapy adjustment data indicative of a plurality of patient therapy adjustments made during the first time period; generating baseline patient information based at least in part on the first patient data; and comparing the baseline patient information to patient information generated based on second patient data. Therapy is not delivered to the patient according to a detected posture state of the patient during the first time period, and therapy is delivered to the patient according to the detected posture state of the patient during the second time period.

Abstract: Cells that are in the process division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like bacteria, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results can be obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: As compared to conventional electrodes, the electrode configurations disclosed herein minimize irritation and damage to the skin when they are placed in contact with a patient's body over extended of time. The electrodes are formed from a conductive substrate coated with a thin dielectric material, and a plurality of open spaces pass through the electrodes. Those open spaces are distributed and sized to permit moisture on the surface of the patient's body to escape when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body. One intended use for the electrodes is for treating tumors by applying an AC electric field with specific frequency and field strength characteristics over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A system and method for predicting and avoiding a seizure in a patient. The system and method includes use of an implanted surface acoustic wave probe and coupled RF antenna to monitor temperature of the patient's brain, critical changes in the temperature characteristic of a precursor to the seizure. The system can activate an implanted cooling unit which can avoid or minimize a seizure in the patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of selectively activating synaptically mediated responses in ganglion cells without activating passing axons, by contacting a focal region around said cells with an electrode that stimulates using low-frequency sinusoidal electric signal. In particular, the selective low-frequency sinusoidal stimulation has a frequency of ?25 Hz. specific frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation, which can be used to preferentially activate certain neural cell types, including retinal cells: ganglion cells at 100 Hz, photoreceptors are activated at 5 Hz, and bipolar cells at 25 Hz.

Abstract: An electromedical device for the non-invasive reduction or removal of subcutaneous adipose tissue, comprising an energy source which provides a high-frequency alternating current, comprising at least two individual emitters which are fed by the energy source and which are designed to emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves into subcutaneous adipose tissue, and comprising a directivity control which is coupled with the individual emitters and which controls the individual emitters in such a way that, by direction and field concentration of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted by the individual emitters, a total electromagnetic field with a desired field geometry can be produced in the subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Abstract: Skin tissue measurement/treatment apparatus (40) for controllably delivering electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of 10 GHz or more directly to a localised region of skin tissue via a monopole antenna (44) adapted to penetrate the skin surface. One embodiment includes an applicator (152) having a plurality of independently controllable monopole antennas (158) protruding therefrom for selective treatment/measurement of an area of skin. Treatment may be activated based on the complex impedance of tissue in the localised region calculated by determined the magnitude and phase of reflected power relative to a reference signal. The power level of the generated electromagnetic radiation may be adaptively controlled based on the detection of net power delivered to the skin tissue.

Abstract: Activation of electrogenic pump molecules can be realized by a dynamic entrainment procedure which includes two steps: synchronization of individual pump molecules to work at the same pumping pace, and gradual modulation of the synchronization frequency. Na/K pump molecules were used as an example in a physiological operating mode by applying the concept of an electronic synchrotron to the biological system. It was shown that individual Na/K pump molecules can be synchronized by a well designed oscillating electric field. The synchronized pump currents show separated inward and outward pump currents and a magnitude ratio of 3:2 reflecting stoichiometric number of the pump molecules.

Abstract: A method for promoting oral hygiene and treating a patient for gingivitis, other periodontal problems, or oral mal odor by transmitting to the gums of a patient electrical current waveforms of electrical voltage within the range of from about ±0.1V to about ±3.9V as a combination of ultra-weak electrical currents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a non-invasive stimulatory adjustment of the body's own self-repair-system using a plurality of electrons. In particular, embodiments of the present invention relate to a plurality of electrons for use in the restoration of a patient's health, preferably a human patient's health in a number of medical conditions. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of treatment using a plurality of electrons for use in the restoration of a patient's health, preferably a human patient's health. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of stimulatory adjustment of the body's own self-repair system using a plurality of electrons.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system for treating a medical disorder using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. The system includes an apparatus that supplies voltage to one or more glass electrodes that is shaped to treat a particular tissue or disorder and that is applied to an affected area of the patient's body. Voltage is applied in a range of about 500-2000 volts and a constant frequency in a range of about 10-100 kHz. The electrode may also be used to sterilize the surface of a tissue through the production of ozone. The system may be used to treat a variety of medical disorders including edema and dermatological, neurological, intestinal, vascular, and orthopedic disorders. In addition, the system may be used to improve drug delivery to specific sites by locally increasing blood circulation.

Abstract: Cells that are in the process division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective disruption of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages or disrupts rapidly dividing cells like parasites, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing.

Abstract: A method of providing therapy to a patient using at least one electrode is provided. The patient has a neural tissue region that is relatively close to the at least one electrode, and a neural tissue region that is relatively far from the at least one electrode. The method comprises conveying time-varying electrical energy from the electrode(s) into the relatively close and far neural tissue regions, wherein the electrical energy has a frequency and amplitude that blocks stimulation of the relatively close neural tissue region, while stimulating the relatively far neural tissue region.

Abstract: The present invention makes use of resonant acoustic and/or resonant acousto-EM energy applied to a biological structure to augment at least one function of the targeted biological structure. The resonant acoustic and/or resonant acousto-EM energy which targets the biological structure induces acoustic resonance within the biological structure. The acoustic resonance of the biological structure is amplified by the application of a magnetic field to the targeted biological structure.

Abstract: Cells that are in the late anaphase or telophase stages of cell division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like tumor cells, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results are obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: A bi-direction treating device with player function including a power supplying unit, a controller, a displaying unit, an audio outputting unit, an input unit, a multimedia processing unit and a high voltage treating unit where device is supplied by the power supplying unit and is operated by user through inputting operation instructions from the input unit. The controller controls the multimedia processing unit and the high voltage treating unit according to user's instructions. And, through the displaying unit, the audio outputting unit and the high voltage treating unit, the user can enjoy a multimedia acousto-optical effect during treatment.

Abstract: As compared to conventional electrodes, the electrode configurations disclosed herein minimize irritation and damage to the skin when they are placed in contact with a patient's body over extended of time. The electrodes are formed from a conductive substrate coated with a thin dielectric material, and a plurality of open spaces pass through the electrodes. Those open spaces are distributed and sized to permit moisture on the surface of the patient's body to escape when the electrode is placed in contact with the patient's body. One intended use for the electrodes is for treating tumors by applying an AC electric field with specific frequency and field strength characteristics over an extended period of time.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing blood and lymph flow in the extremities of a human subject are disclosed. In one aspect, the methods rely on a stimulus effective to displace the skin of a plantar or palmer surface of the subject, thereby enhancing blood and lymph flow in the extremity associated with the stimulated plantar or palmer surface. In another aspect, the methods rely on an electrical stimulus to directly stimulate cutaneous receptors in a plantar or palmer surface of the subject, thereby enhancing blood and lymph flow in the extremity associated with the stimulated cutaneous receptors. Apparatus for enhancing blood and lymph flow in the extremities of a human subject according to the methods of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for selectively destroying dividing cells in living tissue formed of dividing cells and non-dividing cells. The dividing cells contain polarizable intracellular members and during late anaphase or telophase, the dividing cells are connected to one another by a cleavage furrow. The apparatus includes insulated electrodes to be coupled to a generator for subjecting the living tissue to electric field conditions sufficient to cause movement of the polarizable intracellular members toward the cleavage furrow in response to a non-homogeneous electric field being induced in the dividing cells. The movement of the polarizable intracellular members towards the cleavage furrow causes the breakdown thereof which adversely impacts the multiplication of the dividing cells, but does not damage non-dividing cells. In some embodiments, the electric field is guided to a desired target region by varying the sizes of the electrodes that are used to apply the electric field.

Abstract: An enhanced intraluminal flow measurement system and method is conducive for a low-power ultrasonic system that can use continuous-wave (CW) Doppler sensing and wireless RF telemetry. Applications include measurement of blood flow in situ in living organisms. Implementations include an extraluminal component located outside of a body, such as a human or animal body, containing a lumen. The extraluminal component can be wirelessly coupled via an RF magnetic field or other RF field to an implantable intraluminal component. The intraluminal component (i.e. implant) is implanted inside of the lumen of the body such as a heart or elsewhere in a vasculature (such as in a dialysis shunt). The intraluminal component can telemeter, via RF electromagnetic signals, flow data directly out of the body housing the intraluminal component to be received by the extraluminal component.

Abstract: AC electric fields at certain frequencies and field strengths disrupt dividing cells, but leave undividing cells substantially unharmed. Since cancer cells divide much more often than normal cells, those AC fields have been shown to be effective at inhibiting tumor growth and shrinking tumors. Because certain body parts (e.g., the lungs and the liver) are at high risk for developing metastases in patients with some forms of cancer, treating those body parts with those AC fields can prevent metastases from growing in those body parts. This treatment may be used both after a metastasis has reached a detectable size and prophylactically (to prevent such metastases from ever reaching a detectable size in the first place). It may also be used to prevent cancer in people with a high probability of developing cancer (e.g., based on family history).

Abstract: Cells that are in the late anaphase or telophase stages of cell division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like tumor cells, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results are obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an electrical stimulation system to increase the resolution of the stimulation region with multiple independent power source electrodes is proposed. In the apparatus, the electrode set contains at least three electrodes of which two adjacent electrodes are of the same power polarity to control the location of the composite stimulation signal and the others are of an inverse power polarity to balance the total power polarity and narrow the stimulation region. The method for the apparatus comprises steps of: receiving a target stimulation location and level, generating at least one parameter to adjust power settings of the electrodes, thereby obtaining a composite stimulation signal corresponding to a virtual channel of which a location and level match the target stimulation location and level.

Abstract: Cells that are in the late anaphase or telophase stages of cell division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like tumor cells, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results are obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions. The field may also be rotated through 360° by applying AC waveforms with different phases to the electrodes.

Abstract: Cells that are in the late anaphase or telophase stages of cell division are vulnerable to damage by AC electric fields that have specific frequency and field strength characteristics. The selective destruction of rapidly dividing cells can therefore be accomplished by imposing an AC electric field in a target region for extended periods of time. Some of the cells that divide while the field is applied will be damaged, but the cells that do not divide will not be harmed. This selectively damages rapidly dividing cells like tumor cells, but does not harm normal cells that are not dividing. Since the vulnerability of the dividing cells is strongly related to the alignment between the long axis of the dividing cells and the lines of force of the electric field, improved results are obtained when the field is sequentially imposed in different directions.

Abstract: Provided is a potential application apparatus capable of preventing hypertrophy of adipose cells, thereby securely preventing deposition of fat and controlling obesity effectively without any side effects. The potential application apparatus has an influence on adipose cells by applying, at a predetermined frequency, a superposed waveform potential consisted of a negative direct current potential plus an alternating current potential to a human body while insulating it.