Abstract: An energy efficient heat pump system capable of operating in extreme low and high temperature environments. The heat pump system includes an evaporator, a heater operatively associated with the evaporator, compressor and condenser. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat pump system may further include a plasma pulse-spark system to facilitate removal of scale deposits. The heater heats an environmental medium prior to the environmental medium exchanging energy with a refrigerant located in an evaporator coil of the evaporator in order to maintain a predetermined minimum temperature differential between the environmental medium when it contacts the evaporator coil and the refrigerant when located in the evaporator coil. The system allows efficient operation at low temperatures.

Abstract: The apparatus has a cooling arrangement with an expander/compressor system, condenser and evaporator primarily for air conditioning. An external heat source is provided for transfer of heat to the expander housing. For example, this heating medium is an electrical heat source in thermal contact with the outer side of the expander housing. Alternatively, the expander is provided inside an externally heated liquid buffer tank.

Abstract: A natural coolant refrigerating plant comprising a motor-driven compressor with two compression stages, at least one jacket for heating and/or cooling a product being processed, an intercooler located upstream of the second compression stage and a gas-cooler located downstream of the outlet from the second compression stage. Moreover, the plant comprises a first branch, connecting the outlet of the gas-cooler with the inlet of the first stage of the motor-driven compressor for recovering a predetermined quantity of coolant.

Abstract: A method for controlling a heat pump including an outdoor unit including a compressor and a first heat exchanger, an indoor unit including a second heat exchanger and an expansion valve to perform air stream cooling and heating operations, and a hydro unit connected among the compressor, the first heat exchanger, and the expansion valve, to change a flow direction of refrigerant in accordance with cold water and hot water operations. In the control method, it is determined whether the hot water operation and the air stream heating operation are simultaneously selected. When the hot water operation and the air stream heating operation are simultaneously selected, an opening degree of a valve included in the hydro unit is adjusted, to adjust amounts of refrigerant respectively supplied from the compressor to the hydro unit and the indoor unit.

Abstract: A suction compressor temperature regulator device, for use with at least one compressor of a R-744 refrigeration system, includes a heating mechanism located upstream of the at least one compressor of the refrigeration system, in a suction line thereof, for locally controlling the temperature of a R-744 fluid of the refrigeration system. The heating mechanism is typically in a form of a heat exchanger connected to the suction line and using a heating fluid to transfer heat therefrom to the R-744 fluid at the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a water supply apparatus which may include an outdoor unit installed outdoors, and a cascade unit to receive refrigerant from the outdoor unit and generate hot water of a first temperature and/or hot water of a second temperature higher than the first temperature. The water supply apparatus may generate hot water of the first temperature, hot water of the second temperature higher than the first temperature and/or cold water.

Abstract: A thermal recovery system includes one or more thermal transfer tanks having a medium for facilitating heat transfer from the refrigerant conduit of a conventional air conditioning system to one or both of a fresh water line carrying fresh water to a user and a circulated water line circulating water.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an integrated energy management system for managing thermal and electrical energy in a fuel cell coupled refrigeration system. In one example, a refrigeration cycle is driven by heat provided alternatively by a fuel cell and an electric heating device. In another example, a refrigeration cycle is driven by heat provided by a fuel cell to reduce consumption of electrical grid supplied power.

Abstract: Disclosed are fuel cell coupled refrigeration systems and to the use of fuel cells to provide thermal energy to a refrigeration system. More particularly, a heat exchanger couples, directly or indirectly, to a fuel cell and a heat driven refrigeration system to transfer at least a portion of thermal energy generated by the fuel cell to the refrigeration system, thereby driving a refrigeration cycle of the refrigeration system.

Abstract: A heat transfer pipe for a heat exchanger including high threads and low threads that are lower than the high threads. The high threads and the low threads are provided at respective prescribed heights in a helical manner in a pipe axial direction on an inner surface of a pipe, the high threads are formed with 11 to 19 threads, the low threads are formed with 3 to 6 threads between each pair of the high threads, the high threads before expansion of the pipe each have a trapezoidal shape in cross-section so that a crest before the expansion of the pipe is flat, and a ratio W1/D of a tip width W1 of the crest portion after the expansion of the pipe to an outer diameter of the heat transfer pipe is 0.011 to 0.040. Further, the high threads before the expansion of the pipe are higher by 0.04 mm or more than the low threads.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a refrigerant circuit and a controller. The refrigerant circuit has usage units connected to a heat source unit. The usage units have first usage-side heat exchangers and second usage-side heat exchangers. The heat source unit has heat-source-side heat exchanger and a compressor. The controller causes the heat-source-side heat exchanger to function as an evaporator or as a radiator in accordance with an overall heat load of the usage units when the heating operation or the cooling operation has been set for each of the usage units. The aqueous medium is heated by heat radiation of the refrigerant in the first usage-side heat exchangers in the heating operating, and is cooled by evaporation of the heat-source-side refrigerant in the second usage-side heat exchangers in the cooling operation.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a heat source unit, a usage-side unit, and a usage-side controller. The heat source unit has a heat source-side compressor for compressing a heat source-side refrigerant, and a heat source-side heat exchanger capable of functioning as an evaporator of the heat source-side refrigerant. The usage-side unit is connected to the heat source unit and has a capacity-variable-type usage-side compressor for compressing a usage-side refrigerant, a usage-side heat exchanger capable of functioning as a radiator of the heat source-side refrigerant and functioning as an evaporator of the usage-side refrigerant, and a refrigerant-water heat exchanger capable of functioning as a radiator of the usage-side refrigerant and heating an aqueous medium. The usage-side controller performs usage-side capacity variation control for incrementally varying the operating capacity of the usage-side compressor during a usual operation.

Abstract: A fluid compression circuit may include a compression mechanism, a volume, a heat exchanger, a fluid conduit, a thermoelectric device, and a heat-transfer device. The compression mechanism includes first and second members cooperating to form a fluid pocket. The volume receives discharge fluid from the fluid pocket. The heat exchanger is in communication with the volume. The fluid conduit is connected to at least one of the volume and the heat exchanger. The thermoelectric device may include a first side in heat-transfer relation with a member at least partially defining the volume and a second side in heat-transfer relation with ambient air and cooperating with the first side to define a temperature gradient generating electrical current in the thermoelectric device. The heat-transfer device may receive electrical current generated by the thermoelectric device and may be in heat-transfer relation with at least one of the heat exchanger and the fluid conduit.

Abstract: A hot-water heat pump that is capable of reducing installation costs and installation space and also reducing the heating time of a hot-water route, and a method of controlling the same are provided. The hot-water heat pump (1) is provided with a hot-water-heat-pump main unit (2) that includes a thermal output heat exchanger that absorbs heat from a heat-source route and outputs heat; hot-water route (5 and 6) that receive heat outputted from the thermal output heat exchanger; a three-way valve (4) provided in the outlet-side hot-water route (6); and a controller that controls the hot-water-heat-pump main unit (2) and the three-way valve (4), wherein the controller controls the size of openings of the three-way valve (4) so that a portion of the outlet-side hot-water route (6) leading out of the thermal output heat exchanger is guided to an upstream side of the thermal output heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle is provided with a heat pump circulation path through which a refrigerant body is circulated through a compressor. The heat pump circulation path is provided with a condenser unit, an expansion valve, a first evaporator, a heater, and a second evaporator. The heat pump circulation path is also provided with a bypass means which, in heating operation, bypasses a main condenser for constituting the condenser unit and connects the heater and a gas-liquid separation-type refrigerant body containing section. The configuration provides effects which minimize an increase in the number of dedicated parts required only in a heating mode and which, by effectively utilizing the system in a cooling mode, prevents a reduction in the air conditioning performance caused by the shortage of the refrigerant body.

Abstract: Provided is an air-conditioning hot-water supply combined system configured such that, in the case where all of load side units perform a cooling operation and a hot water load (heating load) is low during a cooling and heating mixed operation in a cooling cycle, an input of an air conditioning refrigerant block is reduced to increase the COP of the system. An air-conditioning hot-water supply combined system A reduces a target condensing temperature in a heat source unit in the case where a heating load in load side units and a hot water load in a hot water unit are less than a predetermined reference value in a cooling operation cycle state.

Abstract: A refrigerant cycle device includes a first refrigerant passage for guiding refrigerant from a refrigerant radiator to an inlet side of an outdoor heat exchanger, a first throttle part capable of varying an opening area of the first refrigerant passage, a second refrigerant passage for guiding the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger to a compressor-suction side, a first opening/closing part for opening/closing the second refrigerant passage, a third refrigerant passage for guiding the refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger to the compressor-suction side via an evaporator, a second throttle part capable of varying an opening area of the third refrigerant passage, a bypass passage for guiding the refrigerant flowing between the refrigerant radiator and the first throttle part to a position between the outdoor heat exchanger and the second throttle part in the third refrigerant passage, and a second opening/closing part for opening/closing the bypass passage.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit having: a first air passageway and a second air passageway adjacent to the first air passageway. Dampered air inlets are provided at one end of the first and second air passageways to selectively provide indoor air or outdoor air to each passageway. There is an indoor air outlet in the first air passageway and an outdoor air outlet in the second air passageway, both outlets at the other end of the passageways. There is a first blower in the first passageway and a second blower in the second passageway for moving air through each passageway. The unit has a refrigerant system with an evaporator in the first passageway, a compressor, a condenser in the second passageway, and a refrigerant line joining the evaporator, the compressor, and the condenser, in series, in a closed loop. The unit can be used in an air conditioning mode, a dehumidifying mode and a purge/ventilating mode. The unit is particularly suited for use in an indoor swimming pool.

Abstract: A hot water circuit (50) supplies water to a plurality of rooms (20) in a building from a central water source (22). Each room (20) has dispenser (24) and an air conditioner (28) and a liquid heat exchanger (38). The air conditioner (28) includes a condenser (30) that abuts the liquid heat exchanger (38) for warming the water from the central water source (22). When too much water is heated, some returns to the central water source (22). Some water is cooled by a dissipating heat exchanger (76, 74) disposed on a heated water return line (70). The return line (70) is connected to the central water source (22). An auxiliary system (84) runs through the dissipating heat exchanger (76, 74) to cool the water in the return line (70).

Abstract: Provided is a temperature control system, including a closed refrigerant circuit having an evaporator unit configured for absorbing heat via the refrigerant, thereby evaporating it, a compressor unit configured for increasing the pressure and temperature of refrigerant within the circuit, and a condenser unit configured for rejecting heat from the refrigerant, thereby liquefying it. The compressor unit includes a mechanical compressor configured for increasing the pressure of the refrigerant and a thermal collector configured for utilizing an external heat source to increase the temperature of the refrigerant.

Abstract: A heat pump for a heat source tower using secondary solar energy, including a cold and heat source tower, a low heat source heat pump, a condensation water separate device used in winter, a looping system at a cold and heat source side, and a circulating system at a terminal load side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating device with irreversible thermodynamic cycle. The device comprises a low temperature circuit and a high temperature circuit in which respectively a first and a second operating fluid circulate. Each circuit comprises evaporating, compression, condensation and expansion means of the respective operating fluid. The low temperature circuit absorbs thermal energy from a supply water flow for evaporating the first operating fluid. The thermal energy deriving from the condensation of the first operating fluid is used for evaporating the second fluid. Instead, the thermal energy deriving from the condensation of the second fluid is used for heating a delivery water flow. According to the invention, the two operating circuits each comprise cooling means interposed between the corresponding condensation and expansion means.

Abstract: A water recovery system for a cooling tower includes an intercooler having a first circuit portion and a second circuit portion. The first circuit portion is configured and disposed to receive a liquid desiccant and the second circuit portion is configured and disposed to receive coolant. A flash drum includes an inlet connected to the first circuit portion, a vapor outlet and a liquid desiccant outlet. A condenser is fluidly coupled to the vapor outlet of the flash drum. The condenser includes a condensate outlet. A cooling tower is fluidly connected to the liquid desiccant outlet of the flash drum and the condenser. The cooling tower includes a water stripper having a collector member, and a heat exchanger arranged below the water stripper. The collector member is configured to receive water laden liquid desiccant and the heat exchanger is configured and disposed to receive make-up water from the condenser.

Abstract: To provide an air-conditioning apparatus capable of achieving energy saving. The air-conditioning apparatus capable of executing an oil collection mode that collects a refrigerating machine oil stagnating in heat exchangers related to heat medium into a compressor by changing a flow velocity or a flow direction of the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchangers related to heat medium depending on each operation mode.

Abstract: A heat storage device that includes a first heat storage material and a second heat storage material, both of which accumulate heat by heat exchange with a heat afferent medium, and a changeover device that selectively either performs or intercepts heat storage by the second heat storage material. Accordingly, if the absorption of heat by the first heat storage material has decreased, the changeover device changes flow of the second heat storage material so that heat may be extracted from the heat afferent medium by the second heat storage medium. Thus, when the heat afferent medium is a refrigerant, it is possible to supercool the refrigerant thereof. Furthermore, since heat is extracted from the heat afferent medium and is accumulated, accordingly it is possible to anticipate effective utilization thereof.

Abstract: A spa or hot tub system includes a tub forming a cavity that holds a fluid such as water therein, and a water circulation system provides for circulation of water within the tub. The hot tub includes inner and outer surfaces, and defines an internal space. A heat pump system is operably connected to the water circulation system, and heats the water in the hot tub. The water side heat exchangers of the heat pump may include a polymer housing, and coiled inner elements for refrigerant. The coils may be made of a corrosion-resistant metal tubing or the like. The system may include a conventional electric heating element in addition to the heat pump to provide additional heating capacity.

Abstract: This heat recovery device is of the type comprising a vat for holding wastewater and a heat exchanger comprising at least one heat exchange plate comprising two opposite faces and an inner pipe for circulation of a heat transfer fluid between the two surfaces. According to one aspect of the invention, the or each plate is arranged in a heat exchange compartment of the vat so that the wastewater circulates substantially vertically from bottom upwards along the two opposite faces of the or each plate between an inlet of the heat exchange compartment located in the lower portion and an outlet of the heat exchange compartment located in the upper portion. Application to thermal systems with heat pump.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The heat exchanger includes an outer sleeve and a microchannel unit. The outer sleeve has an interior surface defining a cavity and an exterior surface configured to be in direct thermal communication with the first fluid. The microchannel unit is received in the cavity. The microchannel unit has a plurality of microchannels configured to receive the second fluid therein and be in direct thermal communication with the second fluid. The microchannel unit has an exterior surface in direct thermal communication with the interior surface of the outer sleeve to transfer heat therebetween. At least one of the interior surface of the outer sleeve and the exterior surface of the microchannel unit has grooves defining breach channels for the first fluid or the second fluid should a breach in the outer sleeve or the microchannel unit occur.

Abstract: A heating and air conditioning apparatus has an enclosure that defines an interior volume containing a compressor, a condenser coil, an expansion valve, an evaporator coil, a hot water coil, an evaporator fan, and a condenser fan. The compressor, the condenser coil, the expansion valve, and the evaporator coil are in communication with each other. The enclosure also has first and second input air openings and first and second output air openings. The evaporator fan draws air through the first input air opening and then through the evaporator coil and the hot water coil, and thereafter forces such air out of the enclosure through the first air outlet opening. The condenser fan draws air through the second input air opening and then through the condenser coil, and thereafter forces such air out of the enclosure through the second air outlet opening.

Abstract: This invention relates to an air conditioning device which regulates the temperature of an airflow exhausted from the space in a cooling/heating air conditioning object (such as inside of a room or vehicle) to the external through an external heat exchanger disposed externally for heat exchanging so as to allow the exhausted airflow to even the temperature of the fluid flowing through the heat exchanger by means of the temperature differentiation of the two fluids, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the air conditioning device while reducing the energy consumption of the air conditioning device.

Abstract: A heat pump is provided. The heat pump may include an outdoor heat exchanger that performs a heat exchange operation between refrigerant and outdoor air. The outdoor heat exchanger may include a refrigerant tube that guides refrigerant therethrough, and one or more fins coupled to the refrigerant tube. One face of each of the fins may be coated with a water repellent coating material and another face thereof may be coated with a hydrophilic coating material. An area coated with the water repellent coating material may be greater than an area coated with the hydrophilic coating material.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus for combined use with an air conditioner is provided that may include an indoor unit having an indoor heat exchanger to heat exchange a first refrigerant with indoor air, and a cascade hot water heater connected to the indoor unit to receive the first refrigerant and to provide a second refrigerant to heat water. The cascade hot water heater may perform a heat exchange between the first refrigerant and a second refrigerant. The cascade hot water heater may include a capacity variable compressor to limit a maximum flowing amount of the second refrigerant and increase a flowing amount of the first refrigerant to flow to the indoor unit.

Abstract: A heat pump type water heating apparatus is provided that includes a refrigeration cycle circuit having a first refrigerant and water heat exchanger to perform a heat exchange between a first refrigerant and water, and a first refrigerant and second refrigerant heat exchanger to perform a heat exchange between the first refrigerant and a second refrigerant. The heat pump type water heating apparatus may also include a cascade circuit having the first refrigerant and second refrigerant heat exchanger to operate jointly with the refrigeration cycle circuit, the cascade circuit also having a second refrigerant and water heat exchanger to perform a heat exchange between the second refrigerant and water, and a water heating channel connected to the first refrigerant and water heat exchanger and the second refrigerant and water heat exchanger so water passes through the first refrigerant and water heat exchanger and then through the second refrigerant and water heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat source side circuit (14) includes a gas-liquid separator (35) for the separation of refrigerant flowing therein from an expander (31) into liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant and a cooling means (36, 45, 53, 55) for the cooling of liquid refrigerant heading from the gas-liquid separator (35) to a utilization side circuit (11). Since the refrigerant exiting the gas-liquid separator (35) is in a saturated liquid form, it always changes state to a subcooled state whenever cooled by the cooling means (36, 45, 53, 55).

Abstract: Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant compositions enable the use of existing compressor technologies in heat pump water heaters in a reliable (low discharge temperatures and pressures) and efficient (high capacity and efficiency) manner. The refrigerant comprises blends of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), difluoromethane (HFC-32), tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).

Abstract: Heat pumps for climates where demand for cooling and heating are unequal and methods of adapting and distributing heat pumps for such climates. Heat pumps include a compressor, compressor motor, variable-speed drive, and controller. In a number of embodiments, non-volatile memory stores sets of constant speeds for cooling and heating, and a person can select, via an input device, different sets of speeds for cooling and heating to provide the different cooling and heating capacities. The controller then operates the unit at the selected speeds, selecting from within the set based on demand for cooling or heating. In some embodiments, different sets of speeds may have the same minimum speed but different maximum speeds. Identical heat pumps can be configured to have different capacity ratings and different advertized efficiencies for different climates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigerant circuit and a process for operation of the refrigerant circuit of an HVAC system of a vehicle, particularly an electric or hybrid vehicle. The refrigerant circuit includes a primary circuit with a compressor, a heat exchanger for heat transmission between the refrigerant and the environment, a collector, a first expansion member, a heat exchanger for supply of heat from the fresh air to be conditioned of the vehicle interior to the refrigerant and a heat exchanger arranged switched in parallel to the heat exchanger. Further, the refrigerant circuit is provided with a secondary train that extends starting from a tapping point positioned between the compressor and the heat exchanger up to a connection point and is provided with a heat exchanger for heat transmission from the refrigerant to the fresh air to be conditioned for the vehicle interior, and a subsequent control valve.

Abstract: To realize a CO2 heat pump system in which reduction in coefficient of performance of heat pump cycle is prevented by maintaining the temperature of the water supplied to the gas cooler of the CO2 heat pump below a certain temperature and raising heat source side temperature in the evaporator, and which has functions to supply a heat source not only to hot water supplying equipment but also to supply a heat source or coolness source to air conditioning equipment or others, the system comprises a low temperature water tank 6, a high temperature water tank 9 for storing high temperature water heated in a gas cooler 3, piping 10, 12 for supplying the high temperature water to hot water supplying equipment and room heating equipment respectively, a first heat exchanger 21 in which brine (water) for supplying latent heat of vaporization of CO2 refrigerant to the refrigerant in the evaporator 5 exchanges heat with heat giving fluid (fluid from which heat is withdrawn), a second heat exchanger located upstream of th

Abstract: The vapor compression refrigerating apparatus of the invention comprises a compressor 2, a condenser 4, a regeneration heat exchanger 6, an expansion means 8, and an evaporator 10 connected in series. The vapor compression refrigerating cycle is based on a cycle corresponding to a reversed Ericsson cycle in which isothermal heat dissipation process and isothermal heat absorption process occur overstriding a saturated vapor line and saturated liquid line respectively and heat exchange is carried out between isobaric heat dissipation process in a liquid zone and isobaric heat absorption process in a superheated vapor zone.

Abstract: A water heater device with an integrated modular heat pump is described. The water heater device has an insulated glass-lined casing for storing water to be heated. One or more resistive heating elements are provided in the casing for heating water. A cold water conduit introduces water in a lower portion of the casing and a hot water conduit extracts hot water from an upper portion of the casing. Detachable supports are provided to support the modular heat pump in close proximity to the water heater. The refrigeration system of the heat pump has a condensation coil having a refrigerant conduit in heat exchange relationship with a water circulation conduit to heat water in the water circulation conduit pumped from the lower portion of the casing through a supply conduit and returned to the casing by a return conduit. Detachable couplings are provided to easily detach the cold water conduit, the hot water conduit and the supply conduit and return conduit when repair and maintenance require it.

Abstract: A cogeneration system includes a coolant circuit through which a coolant is circulated for conducting a heat exchange with an exhaust heat generated by a power generation unit, a buffer tank provided at the coolant circuit and storing the coolant, a heating circuit including a heating power source and a heating terminal, the heating power source generating a heating water that is circulated to be supplied to the heating terminal, a heating water bypass circuit bypassing a flow passage of the heating circuit at a portion between an exit of the heating terminal and the heating power source, and a heat exchanging device performing a heat exchange between the heating water flowing through the heating water bypass circuit and the coolant.

Abstract: An air conditioner controls supply of refrigerant so that the refrigerant is first supplied to one or more indoor units in operation from an outdoor unit, and is then supplied to a hot water generator, thereby sufficiently supplying refrigerant to the indoor units in heating operation even when the hot water generator is operated.

Abstract: A heat pump including a boiler is disclosed. The heat pump may include the boiler which may be selectively operated based on a temperature of external air or an electric power rate per unit heat quantity.

Abstract: The separating device according to the invention comprises a body delimiting a separating chamber, at least one inlet orifice emerging in the separating chamber and intended to be connected to a discharge orifice of the refrigerant compressor so as to allow a lubricant-refrigerating gas mixture to be introduced into the separating chamber, at least one lubricant outlet orifice emerging in the separating chamber and intended to be connected to a lubricant pan formed in the refrigerant compressor. The separating device comprises a first measuring means arranged to measure the temperature of the lubricant contained in the lubricant pan formed in the refrigerant compressor, and a regulating arranged to regulate the temperature of the lubricant separated in the separating chamber as a function of the temperature of the lubricant measured by said first measuring means.

Abstract: An air conditioner executes a heating operation using at least a high pressure refrigerant, and includes a refrigerant circuit configured to execute a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant circuit includes a convective heat exchanger, a radiant heat exchanger, an open/close valve and a check valve. The convective heat exchanger executes heat exchange between the high pressure refrigerant flowing inside and an air flowing towards outside. The radiant heat exchanger heats a predetermined member using the high pressure refrigerant flowing inside to cause the predetermined member to emit a radiant heat. The open/close valve is disposed upstream of the radiant heat exchanger in order to block a flow path of the high pressure refrigerant flowing towards the radiant heat exchanger during the heating operation. The check valve is disposed between the radiant heat exchanger and the open/close valve.

Abstract: A refrigeration device containing CO2 a refrigerant to be circulated, including a compressor, a heat-rejecting heat exchanger, an expansion, and an evaporator which are connected to one another. The refrigeration device includes a first portion and a second portion, the second portion having a higher temperature relative to the first portion when the refrigeration device is in operation. A heat-reclaim heat exchanger is provided at a given location in the second portion, provided to transfer heat to a fluid for further use as a source of heated fluid.

Abstract: An air conditioner having a heat-source side unit including a compressor and a heat-source side heat exchanger, plural use-side units each having a use-side heat exchanger and an inter-unit pipe for connecting the heat-source side unit to the plural use-side units, including an auxiliary heat source unit having a water-refrigerant heat exchanger for heat-exchanging refrigerant with water, a refrigerant side of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger being selectively connectable to one of the high-pressure gas pipe and the low-pressure gas pile through one of a first change-over valve and a second change-over valve, and also connected to a liquid pipe through an expansion valve, and a controller for controlling the auxiliary heat source unit so that the water-refrigerant heat exchanger of the auxiliary heat source unit functions as an evaporator with a water side thereof serving as a heat source when some of the user-side units are under heating operation.

Abstract: An economized refrigerant vapor compression system (10) for water heating includes a refrigerant compression device (20), a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger (30), an economizer heat exchanger (60), an evaporator (40) and a refrigerant circuit (70) providing a first flow path (OA, 70B, 70C, 70D) connecting the compression device (20), the refrigerant-to-liquid heat exchanger (30), the economizer heat exchanger (60) and the evaporator (40) in refrigerant circulation flow communication and a second flow path (70E) connecting the first flow path (62) through the economizer heat exchanger (60) to the compression device (20). The economizer heat exchanger (60) has a first pass (62) for receiving a first portion of the refrigerant having traversed the refrigerant-to-liquid heat exchanger and a second pass (64) for receiving a second portion of the refrigerant having traversed the refrigerant-to-liquid heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes: a heat-source-side refrigerant circuit having a heat-source-side compressor, a first usage-side heat exchanger operable as a radiator of heat-source-side refrigerant, and a heat-source-side heat exchanger operable as an evaporator of heat-source-side refrigerant; and a usage-side refrigerant circuit having a usage-side compressor arranged to compress usage-side refrigerant with a pressure of the usage-side refrigerant corresponding to a saturated gas temperature of 65° C. that is 2.8 MPa or less at gauge pressure, a refrigerant-water heat exchanger operable as a radiator of usage-side refrigerant to heat an aqueous medium, and a first usage-side heat exchanger operable as an evaporator of usage-side refrigerant by the radiation of heat-source-side refrigerant. The weight of usage-side refrigerant enclosed in the usage-side refrigerant circuit is one to three times the weight of refrigeration machine oil enclosed to lubricate the usage-side compressor.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus associated with a heat pump is provided. In the hot water supply apparatus, refrigerant flowing through an evaporator and a compressor of a refrigerant cycle may perform a heat-exchange operation with water so that, a hot water supply operation may be substantially continuously performed without performing a defrosting operation.