Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoelectric dehumidifier, comprising a housing and a thermoelectric module, wherein a middle partition is arranged in the housing, a cold end of the thermoelectric module is arranged on a front face of the middle partition, and a hot end of the thermoelectric module is arranged on a back face of the middle partition; the middle partition is also provided with a windshield comprising an air inlet end and an air blowing end which are communicated, heat dissipation air from the hot end enters from the air inlet end and is blown out from the air blowing end, and the air from the air blowing end blows to a surface of a refrigeration metal plate, so that condensed water drops on the surface of the refrigeration metal plate are accelerated to slide into improve condensation efficiency.

Abstract: A portable kit for nucleic acid sequencing is disclosed, the kit including a DNA extraction system configured to perform a DNA extraction protocol, a DNA sequencing preparation system configured to perform a DNA sequencing preparation protocol, a sequencer system, and a portable enclosure configured to house the DNA extraction system, the sequencer preparation system, and the sequencer system.

Abstract: A magnetic refrigeration system includes a plurality of heat transporters, a magnetic field application unit, and a drive mechanism. Each heat transporter is switched between a heat generating and heat absorbing states in response to magnetic field application and cancellation of the magnetic field application. The heat transporters are arranged between low and high temperature side heat exchangers. The magnetic field application unit applies a magnetic field to the heat transporters so that a heat transporter to which a magnetic field is applied and a heat transporter to which a magnetic field is not applied are alternately arranged. The drive mechanism periodically moves at least the plurality of heat transporters so that a heat transporter to which the magnetic field is applied is periodically switched and so that a state of thermal contact is periodically switched. An end portion of at least one heat transporter is a heat transfer accelerator.

Abstract: Sensors, actuators, energy sources, and data processing for enabling artificial intelligent (AI) integrated automated features of intelligent electronic shoes are provided. The intelligent footwear can gather information from the shoe and send the data to a user interface for monitoring the physical activities of the wearer. A smart thermal actuation system can control the internal temperature of the shoe to offer a comfortable experience to the user. Intelligent footwear can also have systems for multipurpose sensing and actuation modules, which can use energy harvested by the user locomotion or by an energy source accompanied by artificial intelligence to gather and process information for ensuring an enhanced user experience.

Abstract: A thermoelectric device comprising an elongated panel of two foam layers, and having an inserted thermoelectric string is incorporated into a seat cushion, planting pot, and battery thermal manager. Several enhancements to the string and the panel improve its durability, visual appeal, and tactile appeal over the prior art.

Abstract: A multi-stage fluid conditioning system having a housing with a fluid inlet and outlet. A shaft extends within the housing and supports a first fan unit with a first magnet/electromagnet plate on an inlet side of said housing and a second fan unit with a second magnet/electromagnet supporting plate on an outlet side of the housing. Each of the first and second magnet/electromagnet supporting plates include at least one vane configured to direct fluid flow. The shaft rotates the plates in order to draw a fluid flow through the inlet and successively across the inlet and outlet sides for thermal conditioning resulting from creation of high frequency oscillating magnetic fields according to a succeeding conditioning operations before being outputted the conditioned fluid from the housing through the fluid outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a thermoelectric conversion material capable of being produced in a simplified manner and at a lower cost and excellent in thermoelectric performance and flexibility, and a method for producing the material. The thermoelectric conversion material has, on a support, a thin film of a thermoelectric semiconductor composition containing thermoelectric semiconductor fine particles, a heat-resistant resin and an inorganic ionic compound. The method for producing a thermoelectric conversion material having, on a support, a thin film of a thermoelectric semiconductor composition containing thermoelectric semiconductor fine particles, a heat-resistant resin and an inorganic ionic compound includes a step of applying a thermoelectric semiconductor composition containing thermoelectric semiconductor fine particles, a heat-resistant resin and an inorganic ionic compound onto a support and drying it to form a thin film thereon, and a step of annealing the thin film.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a thermoelectric module according to the present disclosure includes: a first heat exchanger including a first heat sink provided with a first base plate and first heat dissipation pins, a first thermoelectric module located over the first heat sink and performing heat absorption and heat dissipation, a plate-shaped first cooling plate located over the first thermoelectric module and having a flow channel through which coolant flows, and a first cover covering top of the first cooling plate; and a second heat exchanger having the same structure as the first heat exchanger and located under the first heat exchanger to be symmetrical with the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system for preparing or semi-preparing food that includes at least one 3D printer and at least one food supporting device. The 3D printer includes at least one extruder for delivering and modelling at least one food paste and/or food powder onto the food supporting device, and at least one heating device for preheating the food paste and/or the food powder and at least one cooling device for precooling the food paste and/or the food powder. The 3D printer is controlled or controllable by a user interface, microcontroller, computer and/or computer program. The system includes at least one cooking hob for heating the modelled food on the food supporting device. The temperature for each food paste and/or food powder is individually adjustable. The food supporting device is a pan, cooking vessel, cooking pot, tray, plancha or container arranged on a cooking zone of the cooking hob.

Abstract: A method of making an electrocaloric element includes forming conductive layers on opposing surfaces of a film comprising an electrocaloric material to form an electrocaloric element, wherein the forming of the conductive layers includes one or more of: vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time under reduced pressure is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure for a duration of time, wherein the duration of time of exposure to conductive material deposition is less than 240 minutes; vapor deposition of the conductive layers under reduced pressure, wherein the reduced pressure is 10?8 torr to 500 torr; or maintaining the film at a temperature of less than or equal to 200° C. during forming of the conductive layers.

Abstract: A thermal display module configured to create a thermal pattern discerned by a visually impaired user to determine his or her surroundings. The thermal display module includes a plurality of thermoelectric modules, each of which are configured to cool or heat a pixel plate in close proximity to a user's skin. The cooling or heating of each of the thermoelectric modules create the thermal pattern discernable by the user.

Abstract: A system may include an air mover configured to drive a flow of air, a heat-generating component in a path of the flow of air, an assembly comprising heat-rejecting media and a thermoelectric cooling apparatus thermally coupled to the heat-rejecting media and arranged such that the heat-rejecting media is in the path of the flow of air between the air mover and the heat-generating component, and a thermal control system communicatively coupled to the thermoelectric cooling apparatus and configured to control an electrical parameter applied to the thermoelectric cooling apparatus in order to create a temperature gradient across the thermoelectric cooling apparatus, such that when the electrical parameter is applied to the thermoelectric cooling apparatus, heat is transferred from the flow of air to the thermoelectric cooling apparatus via the heat-rejecting media.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a heat dissipation device including a first fin structure and a heat conduction member. The first fin structure includes a first substrate and a plurality of first fins extending from the first substrate, the first fins include a plurality of first ends and a plurality of second ends. The plurality of first ends and the plurality of second ends are opposite to each other. The first ends are connected to the first substrate. The second ends are away from the first substrate, and the second ends contact the heat conduction member. The disclosure also provides a projector with the heat dissipation device. Through the heat dissipation device, the projector can achieve a good heat dissipation effect.

Abstract: A temperature control component includes a TEC that includes a top surface and a bottom surface. A thermal conduction layer includes a top surface and a bottom surface. The top surface of the thermal conduction layer is coupled to the bottom surface of the TEC. The bottom surface of the thermal conduction layer includes a planar area. The planar area of the thermal conduction layer is to be positioned above two or more electronic devices of multiple electronic devices of an electronic system to transfer the thermal energy at the two or more electronic devices.

Abstract: The invention is for an apparatus and method for a refrigerator and a heat pump based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) offering a simpler, lighter, robust, more compact, environmentally compatible, and energy efficient alternative to traditional vapor-compression devices. The subject magnetocaloric apparatus alternately exposes portions of an MCE material to strong and weak magnetic field while coordinating the heat flow between the exposed portions by heat bridges to move the heat up the thermal gradient. The invention may be practiced with multiple MCE material portions or segments to attain large differences in temperature. Key applications include thermal management of electronics, as well as industrial and home refrigeration, heating, and air conditioning. The invention offers a simpler, lighter, compact, and robust apparatus compared to magnetocaloric devices of prior art.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooling device includes a tank including an inlet hole and an outlet hole, a thermoelectric pad that faces an outer surface of the tank to cool liquid received in the tank, a heat dissipation unit including a heat transfer block coming into contact with the thermoelectric pad, a heat pipe that passes through the heat transfer block, a heat sink connected to the heat pipe, and a fan that blows air to the heat sink, and a controller that controls an output of the thermoelectric pad.

Abstract: This application relates to an apparatus for generating refrigeration. The apparatus may include a cooling collector configured to collect cooling energy at a predetermined cooling collection temperature. The apparatus may also include a cooler thermally coupled to the cooling collector so as to cool the cooling collector. The apparatus may further include a refrigeration gate configured to block and release the collected cooling energy. The refrigeration gate may refrigerate a target region by releasing the collected cooling energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a culture device and a preparation method for a cell membrane, and relates to the field of cell culture technology. The culture device for a cell membrane includes a semiconductor refrigerator, and one or more culture vessels configured to culture a cell membrane. The semiconductor refrigerator includes a first insulating substrate, a second insulating substrate, and at least one semiconductor thermocouple disposed between the first insulating substrate and the second insulating substrate. The one or more culture vessels are disposed on a side of the first insulating substrate away from the second insulating substrate.

Abstract: A system for conditioning and moving a fluid can include a thermoelectric device comprising a first side and a second side, the first side configured to heat or cool the fluid with electrical current applied to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a fluid conduit configured to allow a fluid to flow therein and to transfer the fluid into being in thermal communication with the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flow control device in fluid communication with the thermoelectric device, the flow control device configured to direct the fluid in the fluid conduit with respect to the thermoelectric device. The system can include a flapper valve configured to move relative to the thermoelectric device to at least partially block flow of the fluid through a portion of the fluid conduit.

Abstract: A heat dissipation module and a heat dissipation method thereof are provided. A cold side of a thermoelectric cooler is disposed on a heat conducting member. A processing circuit controls a voltage control circuit to provide an output voltage to the thermoelectric cooler according to a temperature sensing signal generated by a temperature sensor sensing a temperature of the heat conducting member, so as to adjust a temperature of the cold side of the thermoelectric cooler to dissipate heat for a heat source.

Abstract: Treatment systems, devices, articles, and associated methods of operation for treating open wounds are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes applying a first material and a second material to be in contact with a surface of the open wound having a water content at the surface and applying a voltage differential to the first and second materials, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the surface via an electrochemical reaction between oxygen (O2) in air and water (H2O) in the water content at the surface. The voltage differential is calibrated to correspond to a concentration of the produced hydrogen peroxide in the water content effective in reducing or preventing a bacterial infection at the surface of the open wound.

Abstract: A thermal regulation system for an electric drive vehicle has two loop circuits provided with respective pumps, for circulating heat transfer fluid, and with respective heat exchangers for cooling the heat transfer fluid. A battery pack and an electric/electronic drive unit are arranged in parallel with each other in the first and second loop circuit respectively, so that they are cooled by the heat transfer fluid at flow rates which are different from each other, when the two circuits form a single cooling circuit. At least one Peltier cell is arranged along the first loop circuit to heat the heat transfer fluid circulating towards the battery pack.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module includes a first thermoelectric material, a second thermoelectric material spaced apart from the first thermoelectric material, and a stretching element selectively connected between the first thermoelectric material and the second thermoelectric material, wherein the stretching element is stretchable.

Abstract: A drive unit for a motor vehicle that includes an internal combustion engine, which has a combustion engine and an exhaust gas line, via which exhaust gas can be removed from the combustion engine. A cyclic process device is provided for converting the thermal energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical work in a thermodynamic cyclic process, wherein a working medium with respect to its direction of flow flows through a first heat exchange device, in which a heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the working medium takes place, then flows through an expansion device, in which an expansion of the working medium and thereby the generation of the mechanical work take place, and then flows through a second heat exchange device, in which a heat transfer from the working medium to a cooling medium takes place.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a body configured to include a storage compartment, a door portion configured to include an inner door pivotably coupled to the body to open/close the storage compartment and an outer door pivotably provided in front of the inner door, an ice making chamber formed at the door portion to be divided from the storage compartment by the inner door and to be opened or closed by the outer door, an ice making system accommodated in the ice making chamber, a dispenser provided at the door portion to provide water and ice, and a water filter mountable at the door portion to purify water supplied from an external water supply source. The ice making chamber is easily accessible by opening only the outer door while the inner door is closed and prevent cold air in the storage compartment from flowing out.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a battery charger capable of charging a plurality of battery packs. The charger includes the ability to cool electronic components of the charger with a first fan and to cool the battery packs with a set of second fans.

Abstract: In various example embodiments, a system and method for simulating touch in a virtual environment is disclosed. In one example embodiment, a system includes one or more circuits configured to receive an indicator of a sensed touch in a virtual environment and to determine, based on the indicator, an area of the sensed touch. The one or more circuits are further configured to generate a simulated touch by applying a field to one or more touch simulators, the field actuating the one or more touch simulators by linearly displacing an element of the one or more touch simulators.

Abstract: A circuit training apparatus for training students to understand electrical circuits includes a body member that includes a front face having a peripheral edge and a plurality of side walls defining an interior area and a dial opening. The apparatus includes a battery for powering the circuits. A circuit board is positioned in the body member, the circuit board having a plurality of circuit areas etched thereon and having a plurality of current lead lines electrically connecting the battery and circuit areas, respectively. A rotary selection device is electrically connected to the circuit board and battery and includes a dial indicative of a circuit selection coupled to an electrical switch for directing current from the battery to a respective current lead line associated with the circuit selection. The dial of the rotary selection device extends away from the circuit board and through the dial opening for accessibility to a user.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body defining a storage space, a cryogenic freezing compartment having an insulation space that is independent with respect to the storage space, an evaporator disposed inside the storage space to cool the storage space, and a thermoelectric module assembly disposed at one side of the cryogenic freezing compartment so that the cryogenic freezing compartment is cooled to a temperature less than that of the storage space. The thermoelectric module assembly includes a thermoelectric module, a cold sink coming into contact with a heat absorption surface of the thermoelectric module and disposed in the cryogenic freezing compartment, and a heat sink coming into contact with a heat generation surface of the thermoelectric module. The heat sink is cooled by introducing a refrigerant supplied to the evaporator.

Abstract: A battery thermal management system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a battery pack, a coolant subsystem configured to cool the battery pack, and a thermoelectric device disposed within the coolant subsystem and selectively activated to augment cooling of the battery pack.

Abstract: An intercooler for a turbocharged internal combustion heat engine; the intercooler has: a cooling chamber, which is provided with an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening opposite one another; a plurality of exchanger plates, which are stacked on top of one another inside the cooling chamber, are arranged parallel to an air flowing direction from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, are spaced apart from one another so as to define corresponding air passage channels between one another, and are internally hollow; a circulation circuit, which allows a cooling fluid to circulate inside the exchanger plates; and a plurality of thermoelectric cells, each of which is mounted on a corresponding exchanger plate, and has a cold side resting on the exchanger plate and a hot side delimiting a corresponding air passage channel.

Abstract: A light source device has a light source unit including a base member and a plurality of light emitting devices held in the base member, a heat receiving plate including an opening portion, to which the base member is fixed to cover the opening portion, and a heat diffusion member in contact with the base member via the opening portion. Heat from the light source unit is transmitted to the heat receiving plate and the heat diffusion member.

Abstract: A refrigerator may have an ultra-low temperature cooling module for cooling an ultra-low temperature compartment that includes a thermoelectric element having a heating surface and a heat absorption surface disposed to oppose the heating surface and a heat conduction unit evaporation part whose one side is in contact with the heating surface of the thermoelectric element and the other side is connected to a refrigerant pipe of an evaporator to transmit heat emitted from the heating surface of the thermoelectric element to the refrigerant. An amount of heat exchange between a central portion of the heating surface having a relatively high temperature and a refrigerant of the heat conduction unit evaporation part may be greater than an amount of heat exchange between a peripheral portion of the heating surface surrounding the central portion and the refrigerant.

Abstract: A semiconductor test apparatus includes a test chamber, a chuck and a refrigeration element. The chuck is arranged in the test chamber to fix a semiconductor element to be tested. The refrigeration element is connected to the test chamber to reduce a chamber ambient temperature of the test chamber from a first temperature to a second temperature. The foregoing semiconductor test apparatus is able to reduce the chamber ambient temperature of the test chamber to be equal to or lower than the specified test temperature.

Abstract: A method and device for controlling a wavelength of a light emitting assembly. The device comprises a microcontroller, a light emitting assembly temperature control unit, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a storage unit, a thermistor of a negative temperature coefficient in a TOSA component, and a TEC assembly. The microcontroller comprises an ADC input interface, a DAC output interface, a GPIO output interface, an external communication interface, and a memory interface. The light emitting assembly temperature control unit comprises a turn-off enable control circuit, a temperature detecting circuit, an error amplification-comparison-compensation unit, a TEC voltage/current limitation circuit, a TEC voltage/current detecting circuit, and a TEC differential voltage driver. The method and device are simple and flexible, implements a precise control of the wavelength, and also considers an adjustment function of the wavelength.

Abstract: Mobile devices executing applications utilize data services worldwide. An application executing on these mobile devices may be tested using proxy access devices (PADs) located at various points-of-presence (POPs) at different geolocations. A PAD retainer device is used to maintain a plurality of PADs in a high density arrangement while still permitting adequate cooling, wireless connectivity, and physical connectivity to a proxy host device. In one implementation, the PAD retainer device is configured to maintain a predefined physical configuration of the PADs mounted therein, while hot spots of the PADs are exposed to the ambient atmosphere to facilitate heat dissipation.

Abstract: A tactile sensation presenting device includes: a pressure sensation generating unit configured to present pressure information; and a tactile sensation generating unit arranged on the pressure sensation generating unit. The tactile sensation generating unit includes a vibrating element configured to present vibration information; a warmth/coldness presenting element provided above the vibrating element and configured to present warm/cold information. The vibration information, the warm/cold information, and the pressure information are presented to an operating part in contact with a tactile sensation presentation surface of the tactile sensation generating unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes: a cabinet in which a refrigerating compartment is provided; a first door connected to the cabinet to open and close the refrigerating compartment and having an opening; a housing provided in the first door and accessible through the opening therein; an ice making room provided in the housing; a storage room that is provided below the ice making room and maintained at a temperature different from that of the refrigerating compartment; a guide duct provided below the ice making room to guide discharge of ice; a second door connected to the first door; a dispenser disposed on a front surface of the second door; and a discharge duct provided in the second door, wherein, when the second door is closed, the guide duct communicates with the discharge duct, and ice made in the ice making room is discharged to the dispenser.

Abstract: Provided is a compact lightweight transport box in which the internal temperature distribution is minimized and accurate temperature regulation can be performed. The transport box includes an insulating container, an internal heat conducting container mounted in the insulating container, and an insulating cover body with a cover internal side heat conducting plate exposed on an inner surface facing the opening part of the internal heat conducting container, in which, with the opening part of the insulating container closed by the insulating cover body, the cover internal side heat conducting plate is near an opening end of the internal heat conducting container.

Abstract: The present application provides a cooler for cooling a beverage fluid flow. The cooler may include a thermoelectric cooling device in communication with a fluid heat exchanger with the fluid flow therein and a water permeable membrane. The cooler further may include a fan positioned about the water permeable membrane for evaporative cooling therein.

Abstract: A cushion cover for a ventilation seat includes: a first adhesive layer including an upper surface coupled to a lower surface of a cushion part of the ventilation seat, the lower surface of the cushion provided with an air flow channel; a non-permeable layer made of a non-permeable material and including an upper surface coupled to a lower surface of the first adhesive layer to block the air flow channel of the lower surface of the cushion part from outside; and a protective layer coupled to a lower surface of the non-permeable layer to direct friction between the non-permeable layer and a seat structure.

Abstract: Systems, methods and an apparatus used for delivery of chemical precursors, and more particularly to an ampoule for containing chemical precursors are provided. In one implementation, an apparatus for generating a chemical precursor used in a vapor deposition processing system is provided. The apparatus comprises a canister comprising a sidewall, a top, and a bottom surface encompassing an interior volume therein, an adhesion layer disposed over an outside surface of the sidewall and bottom surface, a thermally conductive coating disposed over the adhesion layer, an insulator layer disposed over the thermally conductive coating, wherein the thermally conductive coating over the bottom surface remains exposed and an inlet port and an outlet port in fluid communication with the interior volume.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing heating and cooling to a cabin of an autonomous or semiautonomous electric vehicle. A system includes one or more autonomous or semiautonomous electric vehicle components generating thermal energy as a byproduct of operation, a radiator fluidly coupled to the one or more vehicle components and positioned downstream from the one or more vehicle components such that the radiator receives at least a portion of the thermal energy, a thermoelectric cooler thermally coupled to and located downstream from the radiator, and one or more bypass valves that control fluid flow from the radiator such that fluid flows directly to a cabin of the vehicle or flows through the thermoelectric cooler before flowing into the cabin.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus for a vehicle includes an air-conditioning duct that includes an air supply path through which air to be supplied into an interior of the vehicle passes, a first tank to which a cool medium and a warm medium for adjusting the temperature of a first intermediate medium are supplied, a first heat exchanger that is provided in the air-conditioning duct and through which the first intermediate medium circulates from the first tank, and a controller that controls the first intermediate medium to a temperature needed to set the interior to a desired temperature.

Abstract: A thermal management system for an object comprising: a plurality of thermoelectric elements and electricity transport medium. Heat energy that is generated or absorbed by the object is converted by some of said thermoelectric elements to electrical energy. This energy is transferred to some other of said thermoelectric elements, working in heat pumping mode, in order to realize a desired thermal distribution over said object. The thermal management system optionally comprises a controller that controls the mode of operation of the thermoelectric elements. Each thermoelectric element in any portion of time is configured to be in one of (1) an electricity generation mode, (2) a heat pumping mode, (3) a heat flow blocking mode or (4) a heat flow transferring mode.

Abstract: A vehicle seating assembly includes a seating surface and a tube arranged proximate the seating surface. The tube has an inlet fluidly coupled with a fluid mover and an outlet proximate the seating surface. A thermoelectric device is in communication with the outlet. The thermoelectric device is configured to thermodynamically affect heat exchange at the seating surface. The fluid mover is selectively operable to release a pressurized fluid through the tube proximate the thermoelectric device.

Abstract: A radiation irradiation device includes a radiation generating part that generates radiation; an arm part having the radiation generating part attached to one end thereof; a main body part having the other end of the arm part connected thereto; an electric power supply part provided at the main body part; and a cable part for electrically connecting the power supply part and the radiation part. The electric power supply part has a battery part having lithium ion batteries connected in parallel, and a first booster circuit part that boosts a voltage output from the battery part. The radiation generating part has a second booster circuit part that further boosts a voltage that is boosted by the first booster circuit part and is input to the radiation generating part via the cable part which is extended along the arm part.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system includes a switching portion that switches between a state in which a heat medium circulates through a heat-medium cooling heat exchanger and a state in which the heat medium circulates through a heat-medium heating heat exchanger with respect to each of an engine heat-transfer portion and a heat-generating device, a flow-rate adjustment portion that adjusts the flow rate of the heat medium for each of a heat-medium outside-air heat exchanger and the engine heat-transfer portion, an air-conditioning requesting portion that makes a cooling request for an air cooling heat exchanger to cool the ventilation air as well as a heating request for an air heating heat exchanger to heat the ventilation air, and a controller that controls an operation of at least one of the switching portion, a compressor, and the flow-rate adjustment portion based on presence/absence of the cooling request and presence/absence of the heating request from the air-conditioning requesting portion.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of systems that may be used for cooling objects, such as X-ray tubes and detectors, etc. Also disclosed are exemplary embodiments of methods for cooling objects, such as X-ray tubes and detectors, etc. For example, an exemplary embodiment includes a system that can be used to cool an X-ray tube and detector with one chiller. As another example, an exemplary embodiment of a method includes using one chiller to cool an X-ray tube and detector.

Abstract: A biological analysis system is provided. The system comprises an interchangeable assembly configured to accommodate any one of a plurality of sample holders, each respective sample holder configured to receive a plurality of samples. The system also includes a control system configured to cycle the plurality of samples through a series of temperatures. The system further includes an optical system configured to detect fluorescent signals emitted from the plurality of samples. The optical system, in particular, can comprise a single field lens, an excitation source, an optical sensor, and a plurality of filter components. The excitation source can be one or more light emitting diodes. The field lens can be a bi-convex lens.