Abstract: An improved indirect heat exchanger including a plurality of coil circuits, with each coil circuit comprised of an indirect heat exchange section tube run or plate. Each tube run or plate has at least one change in its geometric shape or may have a progressive change in its geometric shape proceeding from the inlet to the outlet of the circuit. The change in geometric shape along the circuit length allows simultaneously balancing of the external airflow, internal heat transfer coefficients, internal fluid side pressure drop, cross sectional area and heat transfer surface area to optimize heat transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling tower for cooling water, improved to evenly spray the cooling-water, wherein each component is manufactured in a modularized form and then each module is integrated and installed at an installation site to correspond to the scale of the cooling tower. The cooling tower includes a water tank, a filling material, a cooling-water circulation facility, an eliminator, and a fan, wherein, between the filling material and the water tank, an air intake port through which external air is introduced and a guide having a concave cross-sectional shape to guide the introduced air to the center using a pressure difference between the inside and the outside thereof are additionally provided so that cooling efficiency of the cooling-water can be improved and productivity of the cooling tower as well as convenience in transportation and installation can be maximized.

Abstract: A room-air treatment system includes a basic module that has a first air-treatment unit and a control device for controlling the first air-treatment unit. The room-air treatment system includes at least one second air-treatment unit that can be coupled to the basic module, in particular the first air-treatment unit. The control device controls both the first air-treatment unit as well as the at least one second air-treatment unit.

Abstract: A humidifier cools air in an air path that supplies the air to an internal space of a storage chamber such as a container or a warehouse, extracts water in a water extracting unit, stores the extracted water in a humidifying unit, and humidifies the internal space. The air path includes a main path that communicates with the internal space and a discharge path that discharges a part or all of water-extraction air to the outside of the target space, so that the humidifier can sufficiently humidify the internal space without receiving supply of water.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system having a return air recycling system that includes a heat exchanger configured to be disposed along a refrigerant circuit of the HVAC system and flow a refrigerant therethrough, an exhaust fan configured to direct return air across the heat exchanger to place the refrigerant in thermal communication with the return air and to exhaust the return air from the HVAC system, and a controller configured to adjust a speed of the exhaust fan, a flow rate of refrigerant through the heat exchanger, or both, based on feedback indicative of a temperature of the return air.

Abstract: An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section enclosed in a housing and a direct evaporative heat exchange section both of which are located within the same apparatus. An internal fluid stream is passed through the internal passageways of the indirect heat exchange section. An evaporative liquid is passed across the outside of the external passageways of the indirect heat exchange section to exchange heat indirectly with the internal fluid stream. The evaporative liquid that exits the indirect evaporative heat exchange section housing then passes onto and through the direct heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid exiting the direct heat exchange section is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again through the indirect heat exchange section housing. The indirect heat exchange section may be comprised of a plate type heat exchanger or a circuit tube type heat exchanger located within a housing.

Abstract: A cooling tower includes at least one cooling fan, a cooling tower fan, at least one indirect heat exchanger, a heat exchanger coil and a direct heat exchanger. All inner surfaces of the cooling tower, except for the indirect heat exchanger, are made from and/or include a non-porous material. The non-porous material is high-density polyethylene. The cooling tower is part of an indirect-direct evaporative cooling system and supplies cool air to a building structure or areas that desire cooling.

Abstract: A cooling tower for an evaporative cooling system includes a cooling tower fan, a fan housing, at least one indirect heat exchanger and at least one air outlet located in a side or in a bottom of the cooling tower or in both a side and in a bottom of the cooling tower. All inner surfaces of the cooling tower, except for the at least one indirect heat exchanger, are made from and/or include a non-porous material. The non-porous material is high-density polyethylene. The cooling tower is part of an evaporative cooling system and supplies cool air to a building or areas which desire cooling.

Abstract: Systems and methods for portable air conditioners are shown. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a description of a design is provided for a portable air conditioning unit that uses a standard 5-gallon bucket and 20 pounds of ice. In some embodiments, a 24 VDC lithium ion battery pack powers a backwards curved impeller, which draws air into an intake plenum and down through draft tubes, up thru an impeller, which slings the air radially thru exhaust duct(s) and out onto the user(s). A single push button may be utilized to turn the fan on and off and select a fan speed. In some embodiments, a neoprene insulating sleeve may be applied to the outside of the 5-gallon bucket or may line the inside of the bucket. In some embodiments, up to 7 vent wedges may be installed to duct the cool air in selectable directions. In some embodiments, the vent wedges may be removed allowing the top to seat down lower increasing the velocity of the cool air exiting radially.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to provide an air conditioner using an evaporative cooler to cool a condenser and improve cooling efficiency, and configured to supply air, which passes through a dry channel of the evaporative cooler, to a humid channel to improve efficiency of the evaporative cooler.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a cover, a trough connected to the cover, and a fan circulating air that is received from sides of the cooling device. The area above the fan is enclosed by the cover. The cooling device also includes a pump for delivering liquid to one or more pads located in the trough. The cooling device also includes a sensor that controls operating of the fan and the pump.

Abstract: A vehicle air handling system includes an air duct housing, a particulate sensor, a first air blower and an electronic controller. The air duct housing has an air inlet and a passenger compartment vent. The particulate sensor is configured to detect a particulate level of particulates in the air duct housing. The first air blower is disposed in the air duct housing to move air within the air duct housing. The electronic controller is operatively coupled to the particulate sensor and the first air blower. The electronic controller is configured to operate the first air blower to reverse an air direction of the first air blower away from the passenger compartment vent upon detection of the particulate level of the particulates in the air duct housing being equal to or greater than a predetermined particulate threshold level in the air duct housing.

Abstract: An open architecture HVAC module is disclosed having a housing defining an air inlet and at least two adjacent air outlets. An evaporator and a heater unit are disposed within the housing. A cold air chamber is defined between the evaporator and heater unit, and a hot air chamber is defined downstream of the heater unit. A partition extends into the cold and hot air chambers from an interior surface of the housing between the two adjacent air outlets. The partition is spaced from the evaporator and heater unit. The partition cooperates with the housing to define a first mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first outlet and a second mixing chamber in fluid communication with the second outlet. A blend valve is disposed in each mixing chambers. The blend valves are configured to selectively direct air flow from the cold and hot air chambers to the air outlets.

Abstract: A scaleable indirect evaporative cooler system (10) fitted within a container incorporates a plurality of dry and wet passage heat exchangers (30) where the dry passages of the plurality of heat exchangers feed into a common space (32) from which conditioned air is delivered via a delivery fan (40) downstream of the dry passages of the heat exchangers. An exhaust fan 22 draws air from the common space (32) through the wet passages of the heat exchanger to a common exhaust space (34) before being exhausted to atmosphere via the exhaust fan (22).

Abstract: A water energy conversion system includes a control unit, a first gas-water energy conversion device, a second gas-water energy conversion device, a water supply device, a storage tank and a heat source unit. Water for different purposes is supplied by the water supply device that collects and transmits various kinds of water resources. Operations of the storage tank as well as the first and second gas-water energy conversion devices are based on water as the basis and a carrier of energy conversion to provide effective energy conversion and recycling. By further employing the heat source unit, high-efficiency cooling, heat dissipation or heat absorption can be achieved with minimal power and water consumption. Thus, the water energy conversion system is applicable for energy conversion, energy regulation and supply for air of indoors and outdoors of a building to realize effects of water storage and supply, anti-flooding, and energy saving and storage.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cooling a fluid are disclosed. The apparatus includes a pre-cooling chamber and a main tower in a generally side-by-side configuration. A cooling fluid flows generally transversely through the pre-cooling chamber and the main tower in order to cool the fluid to be cooled.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes a dehumidifier, a regenerator, and a refrigeration system. The dehumidifier removes water from a first airflow using a liquid desiccant. The regenerator transfers water from the dilute desiccant into a second airflow. The refrigeration system can be selectively used to provide heat to the desiccant in the regenerator to more effectively remove the water from the dilute desiccant. An external heat source can also be used to heat the desiccant in the regenerator to more effectively remove the water from the dilute desiccant. The refrigeration system and the external heat source can each be used separately to heat the desiccant, or the desiccant can be heated by both heat sources simultaneously.

Abstract: A quench system and process for cooling high temperature gases is presented. The quench system includes a frustum, or conic, shaped section having an inlet at the smaller end of the quench section and the outlet at the larger end of the quench section. The system includes spray nozzles having openings flush with the wall of the quench section. The process includes spraying a large volume of liquid in small droplets for rapid heat transfer and vaporization of the quench liquid.

Abstract: An industrial heat load evaporative cooling system. The system includes multiple cooling towers and includes cooling coil heat transfer equipment locally associated with an industrial heat load, with the system subject to command and control equipment.

Abstract: A cooling system and method for a machining process. The system includes a coolant supply and a coolant activation assembly, where the coolant supply is configured to provide coolant to the coolant activation assembly. The coolant activation assembly includes a plurality of piezoelectric actuators. Each of the plurality of piezoelectric actuators is configured to emit a coolant stream and to impart an ultrasonic or megasonic vibration component to each coolant stream. The coolant activation assembly is configured to provide cooling to a focal point in a work zone by directing multiple coolant streams emitted by the plurality of piezoelectric actuators to the focal point such that multiple coolant streams converge at the focal point.

Abstract: A computer server enclosure (such as in a server farm) evaporative cooling system. The system includes multiple cooling towers and includes cooling coil heat transfer equipment locally associated with a server enclosure or group of server enclosures, with the system subject to command and control equipment.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling system that can be used to cool fluid and to cool an air supply to a building. The air supply to a cooling tower in a first evaporative system also having a fluid pump and a heat exchange element is cooled by the heat exchange element of a second evaporative cooling system. As a result, the inlet air wet bulb temperature of the primary cooling tower will be reduced, enhancing the cooling capacity of the primary cooling tower.

Abstract: A temperature control system of the invention recovers reaction heat in a reactor in which an exothermal reaction occurs, to control the temperature in the reactor. The temperature control system includes: a refrigerant drum in which vapor and a liquid refrigerant are stored in a vapor-liquid equilibrium state; a heat removing section arranged in the reactor to evaporate a part of the liquid refrigerant supplied from the refrigerant drum by the reaction heat; a Return line that returns mixed phase fluid of vapor and the liquid refrigerant generated in the heat removing section to the refrigerant drum; a Vapor outlet line that supplies vapor in the refrigerant drum to outside of the system; and a Replenishing line that supplies makeup water in an amount matched with an amount of vapor discharged to the outside of the system, to the Return line.

Abstract: A container data center includes a container. The container includes a top wall, two sidewalls, a first end wall, and a second end wall. Two elongated water troughs are arranged on the top of the container, near the sidewalls. The outer side plate of each water trough is lower than a top side of the corresponding inner side plate. A water receptacle is arranged near the first end plate. Pipes connect the water receptacle to the water troughs, to transfer the water in the water receptacle to the water troughs. When the water in the water troughs overflows, the water flows down the sidewalls of the container, to separate and thus protect the sidewalls from pollutants and humidity in the surrounding air.

Abstract: A solar air conditioner provides cooling by way of liquid evaporation. The solar air conditioner includes a liquid evaporation unit, a heat exchange unit, and a solar power generation unit. The liquid evaporation unit includes an outer housing and an inner housing. The outer housing includes a fan affixed to the top and an plurality of openings on the side wall. The inner housing inside the outer housing has a plurality of porous holes through which the liquid therein penetrates to the outer surface. The penetrated liquid comes in contact with the warm air drawn by the fan and evaporation subsequently occurs cooling the liquid inside the inner housing. The cooled liquid is then provided to the heat exchange unit for cooling a target area. The pumps and fans are powered by the solar power generation unit.

Abstract: An adiabatic cooling unit (20) comprising a fluid conduit (26), a cooling cell (28), and a building-cooling unit heat exchanger (30) is provided. A cooling fluid (24) flows from the building-cooling unit heat exchanger (30) to the cooling cell (28) and returns to the building-cooling unit heat exchanger (30) through the fluid conduit (26). The cooling cell (28) transfers latent heat from the cooling fluid (24) to the air (22) flowing through the adiabatic cooler unit (20). The building-cooling unit heat exchanger (30) is a heat exchanger permitting the transfer of heat from a fluid (34) flowing through a building (36) and the cooling fluid (24). Additional heat exchangers (46) may be used between the cooling cell (28) and the building-cooling unit heat exchanger (30) to further cool the cooling fluid (24) prior to the cooling fluid (24) reducing the temperature of the fluid (34) flowing through the building (36).

Abstract: An air temperature adjusting system includes a gas-liquid mixing device (11), a temperature adjusting device (12), a gas-liquid separating device (13) and a gas-liquid circulating device (14) for driving gas-liquid to move among the gas-liquid mixing device (11), the temperature adjusting device (12) and the gas-liquid separating device (13). The gas-liquid mixing device (11) is for absorbing air into liquid to mix the air with the liquid and bringing a mixture of the air and the liquid into the gas-liquid separating device (13) after a temperature of the mixture is adjusted by the temperature adjusting device (12); and the gas-liquid separating device (13) is for separating the air with the liquid, wherein the separated air flows out via the gas-liquid separating device (13).

Abstract: This discloses apparatuses for cooling individual server racks or electrical enclosures. These devices maintain target enclosure temperatures within plus or minus 1 or 2 degrees F. The devices employ industrial cooling using staged cooling towers to evaporatively reach temperatures below the wet bulb temperature of the ambient air. Methods for using such apparatuses are disclosed as well.

Abstract: A personal or spot area environmental management system has a low pressure air supply in fluid communication with an air nozzle and a water supply in fluid communication with a water nozzle. The air nozzle and water nozzle are arranged that the water nozzle includes a vortex in the air stream from the air nozzle reducing the pressure. The low pressure facilitates drawing water from the water supply through the water nozzle. The water exiting the water nozzle has an average diameter of 60 microns or less, which facilitates complete evaporation and effectively produces a cool, dry air stream.

Abstract: A coating device for coating a medical device with a drug-eluting material uses an in-process drying station between coats to improve a drug release profile. The drying station includes a heat nozzle configured for applying a uniform drying gas. A coating process using the dryer includes a closed-loop control for the gas between drying steps and an improved nozzle for producing more consistent spray patterns.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler that includes a frame, a plurality of pads attached to the frame so that the pads substantially enclose an air space to be cooled, a water delivery device positioned at or near the top of the pads to wet the pads, a plurality of drain pans positioned at or near the bottom of the pads to collect water from the pads, and a fan to draw air through the wetted pads, thereby cooling the air by evaporation.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously heating and cooling a first portion and a second portion of a space utilizes a plurality of boilers, chillers, heat exchangers, condenser pumps and closed loop pumps by using a plurality of sensors indicating the temperatures inside and outside the space and a controlling module controlling the operation of the system. The present disclosure can be easily achieved by making minor configurational modifications to existing systems, thereby increasing system versatility.

Abstract: A cooling system for transferring heat from a heat load to an environment has a volatile working fluid. The cooling system includes first and second cooling cycles that are thermally connected to the first cooling cycle. The first cooling cycle is not a vapor compression cycle and includes a pump, an air-to-fluid heat exchanger, and a fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger. The second cooling cycle can include a chilled water system for transferring heat from the fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger to the environment. Alternatively, the second cooling cycle can include a vapor compression system for transferring heat from the fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger to the environment.

Abstract: A method for isolating a leak in a closed-volume liquid system comprises circulating a fluid through a plurality of isolatable zones and a non-isolatable zone in a closed-volume liquid system, detecting a leak in the closed-volume liquid system, isolating all of the isolatable zones from the non-isolatable zone, sequentially detecting if the leak is present in the non-isolatable zone and each of isolatable zones, and taking corrective action after the leak is detected.

Abstract: A condensation dryer is provided that includes a drying chamber for items to be dried, a process air circuit via which fan driven process air can be conducted across the items to be dried, and a heat pump circuit for alternately heating and cooling the process air. A secondary fluid circuit is provided between the process air circuit and the heat pump circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar water-heating-and-cooling system (20) that included a collector array panel (32, 36) having thermosyphon coaxial heating/cooling tubes (52). The disclosed system (20) avoids damaging the collector array panel (32, 36) by filling the tubes (52): 1. only when environmental conditions ensure that damage won't occur,—and/or 2. using a filling method that ensures that damage won't occur. Thermosyphon coaxial heating/cooling tubes (52) disclosed herein may be open both at their upper and lower ends. Tubes (52) that are open at their, lower end enables capturing radiative cooling of liquid present within the tubes (52). A cold water storage tank (46) and cold radiator array (48) included in the water-heating-and-cooling system (20) permits preserving and using the radiative ‘cooling. Also disclosed are coaxial tubes (104, 106) that enable simpler and easier installation of the system (20), and also provide a less architecturally intrusive system (20).

Abstract: A cooling system for transferring heat from a heat load to an environment has a volatile working fluid. The cooling system includes first and second cooling cycles that are thermally connected to the first cooling cycle. The first cooling cycle is not a vapor compression cycle and includes a pump, an air-to-fluid heat exchanger, and a fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger. The second cooling cycle can include a chilled water system for transferring heat from the fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger to the environment. Alternatively, the second cooling cycle can include a vapor compression system for transferring heat from the fluid-to-fluid heat exchanger to the environment.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler for cooling air includes a cooling housing having an air inlet and an air outlet and an evaporation media, located within the cooling housing intermediate the air inlet and the air outlet for air flow there through and for receiving water to permit evaporation of at least some water. The evaporative cooler includes a drain pan located within the cooling housing and below the evaporation media to catch water which has not evaporated and falling from the evaporation media and a sump located within the cooling housing and below the drain pan for collecting water for use in supplying water to the evaporation media. The evaporative cooler includes a pipe connecting the drain pan to the sump for water movement from the drain pan to the sump and an air vent located within the cooling housing and connected to the pipe, the air vent being open to air within the cooling housing and above the drain pan to permit release of air from within the pipe.

Abstract: When cooling operation or dehumidifying operation is started, a blower fan for an evaporator and an exhaust fan for a condenser are driven at an initial rotational number. A compressor is driven at a fixed rotational number. Due to load variation, an operating current supplied from a power source is changed. When the operating current exceeds a reference value, the rotational number of the blower fan is gradually reduced. When an endothermic quantity by the evaporator decreases, a temperature of a gas refrigerant flowing through the evaporator is lowered. Since the load applied on the compressor is reduced, the operating current decreases. In this way, when the compressor is loaded, the operating current increased, however, by controlling operation of the fans as described above, it is possible to prevent that the power source is shut off due to overcurrent and operation is stopped.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling condenser for a household appliance cooling system includes a water source, a heat exchanger configured to contain a refrigerant, and a fluid heat transfer device, the fluid heat transfer device configured to receive water from the water source and apply the water to the heat exchanger for rejecting heat from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A condensed water utilization structure is provided for an air conditioning device and includes a driving electric machine, a transmission mechanism coupled to the driving electric machine, a water pumping device, a water spraying tray, and a water collection tray positioned below the water spraying tray. The water pumping device includes a cylinder forming therein a water inlet chamber, a water outlet chamber, and a piston chamber. The piston chamber receives therein a piston coupled to the transmission mechanism. The water inlet chamber and the piston chamber communicate each other through a water inlet piston, and the water outlet chamber and the piston chamber communicate each other through a water outlet piston. The water inlet chamber has a water inlet port in communication with the water collection tray. The water outlet chamber has a water outlet port in communication with the water spraying tray through a pipe.

Abstract: Systems and methods for Indirect Evaporative Cooling and for Two Stage Evaporative Cooling for conditioning fluids such as air are disclosed. The Indirect Evaporative Cooling Systems comprise scalable indirect evaporative heat exchangers formed with polymer substrates that have been treated to render one surface substantially hydrophilic while the other is substantially hydrophobic, with channels for passage of primary (cooled) an secondary (cooling) air streams between them. The Two Stage Evaporative Cooling System comprise an indirect evaporation component where the fluid is pre-cooled indirectly with the abovementioned scalable heat exchangers, followed by a direct evaporation stage where the pre-cooled fluid is further cooled directly by adiabatic evaporative cooling. The device employing these systems is scalable, energy-efficient, uses aseptic materials, filters/clean incoming fluids (e.g. air), circulates disinfected evaporating liquid (e.g. disinfected water and has enhanced performance efficiency.

Abstract: A cooling device for interior and exterior surfaces of a mud pump liner, in which one end of the suction tube 3 is connected to the water tank 2, with the other end of the suction tube 3 connecting to the intake port of the spray pump 4, and an end of the discharge pipe 5 is connected to the outlet port of the spray pump, with another end thereof connecting to the interior cooling nozzle 1; and said another end of the discharge pipe 5 is also connected with a exterior cooling nozzle 6, the spray port of the interior cooling nozzle 1 is placed inside the liner 7, and the spray hole of the exterior cooling nozzle 6 is placed outside the liner 7. The present invention additionally performs spraying against the outer surface of the liner and cooling it so as to sufficiently cool the liner/piston. In this way, the working temperature of the liner/piston is decreased and the service life thereof is extended. Experiments show that the working temperature of the liner/piston is decreased by at least 16° C.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler and method of operating the evaporative cooler are described. The evaporative cooler comprises a reservoir configured to contain water, a frame, and panels. The panels together at least partially form a cooler housing and define an interior region of the cooler housing. The cooler housing has at least one inlet for the intake of ambient air and at least one outlet for the flow of cooled air out from the interior of the cooler housing. Media is positioned adjacent the at least one inlet such that the intake of ambient air passes through the media for heat exchange. A blower is positioned to receive air entering through the at least one inlet defined by the cooler housing and to exhaust cooled air toward the at least one outlet opening defined by the cooler housing.

Abstract: The pre-cooler includes one or more cells which are oriented about an air stream to be cooled. A housing defines a perimeter of the cell with an inlet and outlet for air passing therethrough. Water outlet nozzles within the housing are preferably supported upon bars which orient the nozzles facing in a direction counter to flow of air through the housing. Each nozzle is coupled to a separate stage with multiple stages of nozzles coupled to separate valves. A controller opens or closes different valves. The controller measures ambient humidity and temperature conditions as well as air flow rates to calculate the amount of water to be added to the air and then opens appropriate numbers of stages of valves so that an appropriate number of nozzles spray water into the air to saturate the air. Flow rate control is thus provided without pressure variations, for optimal nozzle performance.

Abstract: A dewpoint cooler comprises: two medium circuits coupled mutually via a heat-conducting wall, through which circuits two media can flow, wherein the second medium contains gas, which wall has heat-conducting protrusions; wherein the wall and the protrusions are covered with a hydrophilic coating which can absorb an evaporable liquid and relinquish it again through evaporation such that the wetted coating, and thereby also the heath-conducting surfaces and the protrusions, are cooled; a wetting unit for subjecting the secondary medium to wetting by the evaporable liquid by evaporating liquid from the coating such that the evaporated liquid entrained by the secondary medium extracts heat from the primary medium via the heath-conducting wall. The coating consists of a porous technical ceramic material, such as a mineral wool.

Abstract: A thermally activated air conditioning system is disclosed that both dries and chills the air being conditioned. Drying is by a liquid desiccant subsystem, and chilling is by an absorption chilling subsystem. A very high COP (1.25) is obtainable owing to the use of reject heat from the absorption subsystem to power the desiccant subsystem. The overall system (or cycle) is powered by relatively low temperature input heat (e.g. 245° F.). That heat can be obtained from flat plate or evacuated tube solar collectors, or other sources. The low driving temperature is made possible by the disclosed integration between the two subcycles.

Abstract: A process for introducing a solution into an evaporative cooling apparatus (14), said process comprising a) positioning a selectively permeable membrane (16) between a first solution (18) and a second solution (20) having a higher solute concentration than the first solution (18), such that the solvent from the first solution (18) flows across the selectively permeable membrane (16) to dilute the second solution (20), b) introducing the second solution into an evaporative cooling apparatus (14) in which solvent is removed from the second solution (20) by evaporation, and c) recycling the second solution (20) from step b) to step a) to draw solvent from the first solution (18).

Abstract: A cooler includes a body, a water tank installed in the body for storing cooling water, a pump fixed in the water tank, a water pipe connected to the pump and extending upward, a spray pipe connected to the water pipe, at least one gas cooling device located above the spray pipe, at least one fan fixed on top of the body, at least one wind hole formed in a side of the body, at least one cooling pipe uprightly installed in the body and having an upper portion passing through heat-dispersing chips of the gas cooling device and a lower portion passing through heat-dispersing chips of the water cooling device, and at least one water-heat exchanger below the spray pipe and having a heat-dispersing element. The cooler has two stages of cooling by air and water, having a high effect of swift cooling high temperature to low temperature.

Abstract: A distribution apparatus, system and method for thermal control whereby a plate of a manifold assembly has predetermined surface features positioned on specific locations on a surface thereof for enhancing the cooling capabilities of the assembly. The predetermined surface features of the plate delay a velocity decay of a fluid impinging the surface of the plate, while also increase the surface area of the plate exposed to the impinging liquid, which in turn, maximize both the reliability and thermal performance of the overall thermal system at a given maximum operating pressure.