Abstract: A device to freeze free-flowing and pourable substances in a bath consists of a bath for a low-boiling liquified gas located inside an insulated housing having openings for the introduction of the substances to be frozen and the gas as well as for the removal of the frozen substances. The bath is located in a rotatable hollow cylinder having a rotational axis tilted with respect to the horizontal plane. The inner wall of the cylinder has a ribbon screw above whose lowest point there is a feed mechanism for the substances to be frozen.

Abstract: A freezer (1) which comprises a drum (2) is characterized in that a cylinder (12) is disposed in said drum (2), and a fan (14) is provided for circulating cryogen through the space (20) between the outer surface of the cylinder (12) and the inner surface of the drum (2). The outer surface of the drum (2) is provided with a plurality of grooves (4) of parabolic cross-section. In use, droplets (23) of liquid egg are dropped on to the grooves (4) where they freeze individually. The frozen particles fall away from the drum as they approach the lowermost point of travel of the drum (2) and form an attractive granular product.

Abstract: A freezer (1) which comprises a drum (2) is characterized in that a cylinder (12) is disposed in said drum (2), and a fan (14) is provided for circulating cryogen through the space (20) between the outer surface of the cylinder (12) and the inner surface of the drum (2). The outer surface of the drum (2) is provided with a plurality of grooves (4) of parabolic cross-section. In use, droplets (23) of liquid egg are dropped on to the grooves (4) where they freeze individually. The frozen particles fall away from the drum as they approach the lowermost point of travel of the drum (2) and form an attractive granular product.

Abstract: In a slice-ice producing machine of the type in which water is frozen on a rotating drum and scraped off therefrom in the axial direction by means of slightly inclined scraper knives or edges provided on a stationary knife bar, the knives are arranged in two groups of mutually opposite inclination, whereby the total forces acting on the drum and the knife bar, respectively, are drastically reduced.

Abstract: A machine suitable for placement in a freezer for making slush or ice cream in a cylindrical container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for efficiently solidifying solvent-refined coal whereby the hot solvent-refined coal in liquid form is contacted in a cooling zone with dry, inert, heat absorbent particulate solids within a rotating structure. The liquid solvent refined coal is solidified upon the particulate solids, separated by abrasion and friction within a separating zone, and the particulate solids are cooled and recycled back into the cooling zone for contact with a fresh supply of liquid solvent refined coal.

Abstract: A machine for making ice flakes by freezing sea or fresh water, comprises a fixed central core and a plurality of fixed pipes surrounding the core for containing a circulating refrigerant. A hollow rotatable cylindrical drum coaxial with the core surrounds the pipes; and an anti-freeze liquid freezing lower than water substantially fills the space between the core and the drum. A spray manifold for water to be frozen extends horizontally full length of the drum and feeds a horizontal series of spaced spray nozzles that spray the water on the drum. The sprayed water then moves downwardly with the drum and then upwardly and then downwardly again; but before reaching the region of the nozzles, that is, shortly before completing one full revolution, a knife that rides on the surface of the drum scrapes the ice flakes off the drum.

Abstract: A freezing or cooling plant comprises an apparatus having an evaporator chamber. At the lower end the apparatus is connected with a feed conduit for liquid refrigerant and a suction conduit for suctioning refrigerant vapors. Both conduits communicate with a vessel in such a way that liquid refrigerant from the apparatus may flow to the vessel via both the conduits. By heating the apparatus due to washing of the outer surface of the evaporating chamber of the apparatus, only moderate pressure rises will occur in the apparatus since, after the cooling process is stopped, the apparatus will be emptied of liquid refrigerant and during the remaining washing period will contain solely superheated refrigerant vapors.

Abstract: An improved method for freezing viscous paste materials such as ground meat by applying it in a selected thickness to the refrigerated surface of a rotating drum, the material being removed from the drum as a flat continuous sheet and cut into patties. Various improvements include the conditioning of both surfaces of the patties, scoring at least one surface of the patty in order to improve quality during and after subsequent cooking and reheating a thin surface portion of the frozen sheet or patties in order to maintain natural color.

Abstract: In a process for refrigerating protein materials, the material is prepared as a viscous paste at a relatively hot temperature and applied to a refrigerated heat transfer surface on a rotating drum, the temperatures of the protein material and the drum surface having a predetermined differential to cause congealed or frozen liquid at the interface between the protein material and drum surface to initially melt and immediately thereafter congeal or freeze in order to cause adhesion of the protein material to the surface. The protein material is compressed against the drum surface to improve heat transfer characteristics and subsequently removed in a suitably refrigerated or frozen condition. Initial heating may be extended to render excessive fat or to reduce bacterial content. Opposite surfaces of the sheet of material may also be contacted by first and second refrigerated heat transfer surfaces either simultaneously or in successive order.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for depositing a hot mass of a confectionery to be cooled in a thin sheet on consecutively associated cooling cylinders upon which the underside and top side of the sheet, travelling in a substantially S-shaped path, are alternately cooled to the temperature required for further processing.

Abstract: Refrigeration apparatus for quickly reducing the temperature of and for solidifying a viscous paste substance of the type that is produced as a byproduct in animal slaughtering. Because the material is high in proteins, it has substantial commercial value. The apparatus includes a relatively large cylindrical drum the surface of which is cooled by circulating a refrigerant through the interior of the drum. The drum is continuously rotatively driven and there is an inlet roll and a nozzle for introducing the relatively warm viscous paste in the nip between the drum surface and the roll. Downstream of the inlet is one or more compression rolls which flatten the paste material further. Spaced circumferentially from the inlet is an outlet that includes a scraper blade and a hold down roller immediately upstream of the scraper blade so that after the material traverses the apparatus, it is refrigerated, relatively stiff and ready for further processing and shipment.