Abstract: Cryogenic devices are provided in which solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is used to maintain a temperature zone in which samples can be manipulated under conditions in which the sample is maintained at a temperature below ?50° C.

Abstract: A fresh drawer and a refrigerator using same. The fresh drawer comprises: a drawer body, wherein a storage chamber for storing food is provided inside the drawer body, and the storage chamber is of an openable sealed structure; a gas supplier, used for providing fresh-keeping gas for the storage chamber; and a pressure balancer, used for balancing air pressure inside the storage chamber. In the fresh drawer and the refrigerator using same, air in an inner storage chamber is replaced with fresh-keeping gas such as nitrogen and oxygen, to provide a modified atmosphere for a food storage space, such that the shelf life of food can be greatly extended.

Abstract: A refrigerant detector testing system according to aspects of the disclosure includes a metering orifice formed in a suction line that is disposed between an evaporator coil and a compressor, a valve fluidly coupled to the metering orifice, a connecting tube fluidly coupled to the valve on a side opposite the metering orifice, a mixing device having an input orifice fluidly coupled to the connecting tube. In some embodiments, the mixing device includes an air intake disposed proximate the input orifice, a throttling portion downstream of the input orifice and the air intake, the throttling portion having a reduced cross-sectional area, and a diffuser section positioned downstream of the throttling portion, the diffuser section having an output orifice. According to aspects of the disclosure, a refrigerant detector fluidly exposed to the output orifice.

Abstract: A galley cart system employs a dry ice compartment and a refrigeration compartment in a galley cart in flow communication with the dry ice compartment. A ventilation system is in interruptible flow communication with at least the refrigeration compartment and configured to receive gas discharged from at least the refrigeration compartment.

Abstract: A container assembly for use with a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument is disclosed, in which the container assembly, when coupled to a source of pressurized gas, provides fluid medium to the HPLC instrument at positive pressure. The container assembly has an external exterior container shell, an internal fluid container for holding fluid medium, an interstitial volume between the external exterior container shell and the internal fluid container, a port for fluidly connecting the volume to a pressurized gas source, and a port for fluidly connecting the internal fluid container to the HPLC instrument. As a pressurized gas in the interstitial volume increases, fluid medium flows out of the port connected to the internal fluid bag and container assembly at a positive pressure. A system incorporating the container assembly, and method of use of the same, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A case for a galley cart defines a cavity with at least two dividers positioned within the cavity, each having a first end edge and an opposing second end edge, with the dividers defining at least two chambers within the cavity. A door is movably attached to the case having a first position in which the cavity is accessible and a second position in which the cavity is substantially sealed. The door incorporates a housing having at least one cooling puck corresponding to at least a first one of the chambers and a second cooling puck corresponding to a second one of the chambers. At least one sealing member is coupled to the housing in the door and configured to compress against the first end edges of the dividers and to provide flow communication between the first cooling compartment and the first chamber and between the second cooling compartment and the second chamber when the door is in the second position.

Abstract: Mechanical inversion of direction of a rotating control component of a landscape sprinkler device. Such a device, having a switching member with end stops associated therewith in both pivoting directions the control component, against said stops the switching member stops and is actuated, wherein at least one end stop can be adjusted coaxially with respect to a pivoting axis of the control component. The switching member is configured in an elastically resilient manner on the contact region thereof that is positioned at the height of the end stops such that the contact region retreats back from the adjusting path of the end stop in case of an overload, and devices are provided in order to re-establish the contact region at a defined position in the rotation angle region between the two end slops from the retreated position.

Abstract: A cryogenic tunnel freezer (10) having modular design and construction including a lower section (16) that can be raised and lowered relative to an upper section (14), the upper and lower sections (14, 16) defining a tunnel (12) when the lower section (16) is in a closed (raised) position. Product is moved through the tunnel (12) via a belt (22) formed of arrays of plastic modules (76) that are reinforced by metal chains (140) and rods (150). The lower run (23) of the belt (22) rides on the floor (48) of the lower section (16) and the upper run (21) rides on the lower run (23) when the belt (22) is operated. The flow of cryogenic fluid through the tunnel (12) is aided by vaporization of a cryogenic fluid and baffles (98), but no air-moving devices located within the tunnel (12).

Abstract: A generally box shaped portable ice chest for medical supplies and the like includes a plastic housing having a top, bottom, front, back and two sides and an inner compartment within the plastic housing. Between the plastic housing and inner compartment there are three layers of insulation including a Styrofoam polystyrene foam layer, a compressed cork layer and a compressed rubber layer sandwiched between the stainless steel lining and the outer housing. The inner compartment includes three removable vertically stacked drawers and a beverage compartment behind the drawers for receiving a plurality of beverage containers. One of the drawers is adapted to receive dry ice. Each of the drawers includes a plurality of openings. A fan, a solar panel and a rechargeable battery and circuit for charging the battery are disposed in the top of the housing for circulating air through the drawers and beverage container.

Abstract: A system for cooling an auxiliary device having a main housing with at least one canister port, at least one fluid manifold mounted within the housing and in communication with the port, and a removable dry ice canister inserted in to the fluid manifold. Connected to the fluid manifold is a fluid line and connected to the canister is an air pressure line. Both the air pressure and fluid lines are connected to the pump. As the dry ice melts, it cools the fluid and creates pressure that activates the pump to pump fluid to the auxiliary device and back to the manifold for subsequent cooling.

Abstract: A portable active cryo container for maintaining product at refrigerated and/or cryogenic temperatures. Said container comprising a control system to monitor and control the flow of cooling air from a bunker section to at least one material storage section wherein temperature sensitive product is contained.

Abstract: A temperature regulation apparatus includes a dry ice module that encloses dry ice so that the module's outside surface is not hazardous to touch. Insulation, breathable material, or a combination of insulating and breathable materials, allows dry ice sublimation at a sufficiently slow rate within the attached dry ice module to control the ambient temperature in the area to be cooled. The dry ice module can be attached in a location that maximizes the dry ice cooling properties, typically at or near the top of the area to be cooled. Since sublimated carbon dioxide is heavier than normal air, it falls to the bottom of the area to be cooled and builds up. The venting placement in the dry ice module is based upon the make up of the dry ice module and the breathable materials inside of it.

Abstract: A self-chilling container, including an outer wall and an inner wall defining at least one adsorption chamber in a space provided between the outer wall and the inner wall, the adsorption chamber adapted to contain adsorbent material in heat transfer contact with at least the inner wall; the inner wall further defining at least one cooling chamber adjacent to the adsorption chamber, the cooling chamber being in heat transfer contact with the inner wall; at least one inlet disposed at the outer wall for introduction of a gas subliming solid material into the adsorption chamber for adsorption of sublimed gas onto the adsorbent material; and a valve in communication with the adsorption chamber for controlled release of the gas from the adsorption chamber.

Abstract: A refrigerated container and method capable of maintaining super frozen temperatures of about ?50 degrees C. or less, includes container walls insulated to a value of at least about r-20, a cargo compartment configured for receiving cargo, and at least one refrigerant compartment configured for receiving refrigerant in the form of CO2 snow. The refrigerant compartment maintains the CO2 snow and vapor sublimating therefrom separately from the cargo compartment. The refrigerant compartment is located within the cargo compartment and configured to permit ambient atmosphere within the cargo compartment to contact at least three sides, and up to six sides, of the refrigerant compartment. The placement of the refrigerant compartment is also configured to generate a temperature gradient within the cargo compartment capable of generating convection therein, so that the super frozen temperatures are maintained within the cargo compartment without the use of external power sources.

Abstract: A system for cooling an auxiliary device having a main housing with at least one canister port, at least one fluid manifold mounted within the housing and in communication with the port, and a removable dry ice canister inserted in to the fluid manifold. Connected to the fluid manifold is a fluid line and connected to the canister is an air pressure line. Both the air pressure and fluid lines are connected to the pump. As the dry ice melts, it cools the fluid and creates pressure that activates the pump to pump fluid to the auxiliary device and back to the manifold for subsequent cooling.

Abstract: Processes for maintaining the stability and quality of frozen desserts during storage and transportation including an improvement. This improvement process involves introducing a liquid or solid cryogen into an insulated storage compartment, and allowing the cryogen to evaporate, or sublimate, thereby cooling the storage compartment, while simultaneously allowing for the control of the pressure within this compartment.

Abstract: In an apparatus for cooling food products in a container a device for supplying liquid carbon dioxide into the container and withdrawing from the container is movable between an inoperative position in which it is located outside said opening of the container and outside of the container and an operative position in which it is located inserted in the opening of the container.

Abstract: Food products are frozen or cooled within a housing chamber defined by side walls between an ceiling and floor and having a cryogen supply, a food products conveyor extending into the chamber disposed between the ceiling and floor, by transporting the food products on the conveyor; the chamber containing at least one impingement hood disposed above the conveyor; the impingement hood including a shell including a top, opposed edges and opposed side walls supporting an impinger containing openings. Gas and solid or liquid cryogen are mixed within the impingement hood, the mixture of gas and cryogen are directed to the impinger, and impingement jets of the mixture are directed through an impingement plate onto the food products transported on the conveyor.

Abstract: A portable ice chest used for maintaining its contents in a cooled or frozen state for an extended period of time. The ice chest includes an insulated cover with an inner compartment and an insulated container with a bottom compartment. The cover is adapted to fit airtight upon the top opening of the container. To maintain the contents of the ice chest in a frozen state, a refrigerant coolant such as dry ice is placed in the inner compartment only. To maintain the contents of the ice chest in a refrigerated state, a refrigerant coolant such as dry ice is placed in the bottom compartment only. Additionally, when no dry ice is placed in either compartments, the present invention can be used as a regular ice chest.

Abstract: A tote for transporting refrigerated or frozen goods, e.g., foodstuffs, comprises an insulated container and a coolant insert. The insulated container comprises a durable, impact-resistant shell, an insulation insert, an optional corrugated liner, and a cover. The coolant insert fits within the container such that it rests on the top edge of the insulation liner sidewalls, and it holds a coolant, e.g., carbon dioxide snow. The insert has a perforated bottom wall and an insulated top wall. When the tote holds frozen goods, the perforated bottom wall is opposite the interior of the container. When the tote holds refrigerated goods, the insulated top wall is opposite the interior of the container.

Abstract: A dry-ice container comprising: a casing and, in this casing; carbon dioxide, part of which is in a solid state and another part of which is in a gaseous state, wherein the casing comprises at least one passage for spontaneous escape of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state.

Abstract: A closed loop pipe system is provided for the upper portion of the interior of an insulated storage or transport container. The pipe system includes active pipe sections including spray jet outlets spaced therealong and the active pipe sections are mounted within channel structure recessed within and opening outwardly of at least one insulated wall of the container. The channel structure includes impact plate portions onto which spray jets of liquid CO.sub.2 discharged from the outlets impact for deflecting the spray jets of liquid CO.sub.2 over a load within the container. The pipe system includes upstanding supply pipes at opposite diagonal portions of the container, each including a valve inlet end opening outwardly of a lower portion of the container and an upper end opening into the closed loop pipe system in a manner defining eductor structure whereby rapid inflow of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure into the closed loop pipe system from either supply pipe will cause circulation of liquid CO.sub.

Abstract: The cargo area of a refrigerated railroad car is cooled by convectors positioned along the upper side and walls of the cargo side and end walls of the cargo compartment of the car. The convectors are cooled by a supply of carbon dioxide snow in a bunker above the cargo compartment. Alternately, vents between the bunker and the cargo compartment and along the upper side and end walls of the cargo compartment enhance and direct carbon dioxide vapor circulation between the cargo area and the bunker. The convectors and the vents can be used independently or in combination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a dry ice sublimation system is shown. The dry ice is placed in a vacuum chamber and a vacuum is drawn on the vacuum chamber. As the dry ice sublimates, the cold sublimated gas is fed into a cooling chamber which contains products to be cooled. The temperature of the cooling chamber may be varied inversely with the vacuum in the vacuum chamber, which inversely varies the sublimation temperature of the dry ice and hence the temperature of the sublimated gas. Automatic feed systems may continuously supply product to be cooled or dry ice or both. A bypass around the vacuum chamber allows a turbulence to be created around the dry ice in the vacuum chamber to aid the rate of sublimation.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the temperature in a building for human or animal occupancy comprises a source of liquid breathable, life-supporting gas consisting of oxygen and nitrogen, dispensing means for dispensing a vaporized mist of the gas within said building. The dispensed mist, being at significantly lower than ambient temperature, acts to cool the atmosphere within the building much more rapidly and effectively than conventional systems.

Abstract: A portable apparatus and method for discharge of CO.sub.2 snow or a combination of CO.sub.2 and ice along a generally horizontal path over and onto a load within an elongated insulated container from one partially open end of the container toward the other closed end thereof and in a manner to form either a blanket of CO.sub.2 snow or a blanket of ice over the load within the container. The apparatus includes a rectangular or cylindrical duct into which liquid CO.sub.2 is discharged adjacent one closed end for impact against the walls of the duct before exiting in a CO.sub.2 snow and gas stream from the opposite open end. A transverse manifold is mounted adjacent the open end to jet spray water feed to the manifold into contact with the CO.sub.2 stream at an acute angle, preferably about 15.degree..

Abstract: The cargo area of a refrigerated box car is cooled by convectors positioned along the upper side and end walls of the cargo compartment of the car. The convectors are cooled by a supply of carbon dioxide snow in a bunker above the cargo compartment.

Abstract: A refrigerated, thin-walled shipping container (8) including a horizontal dividing element (20) forming a compartment (22) for holding CO.sup.2 snow created by passing liquid CO.sup.2 through manifold (24) along at least one side of the compartment and spraying the CO.sup.2 snow against the opposite wall. The charging of the cooling compartment generates gas pressure, and the combination design of the charging manifold and pressure release vents allows the operation to be performed without excessive structural damaging pressure buildup.

Abstract: A tunnel freezer uses carbon dioxide snow to directly contact product carried on a conveyor belt passing through the freezer. Fans are provided above and below the upper conveyor belt run carrying the product, with the fans above and below having downwardly directed exhaust. Trough-shaped deflector plates are provided adjacent the lower fans to circulate a flow adjacent the underneath surface of the upper conveyor belt run. Preferably, circulation adjacent the upper conveyor belt run is generally parallel to the upper conveyor belt run, and turning vanes are provided to deflect the flow upwardly through the upper conveyor belt run. Freezers may be provided with one or more cooling zones arranged in series along the path of conveyor belt travel.

Abstract: A self-contained cooler/freezer apparatus for carrying items in a frozen or refrigerated environment. The apparatus comprises an insulated container which is divided into two portions. The first portion is utilized for item storage and the second portion houses a pressurized coolant compartment for storing a solid coolant; namely, solid carbon dioxide or dry ice. The pressurized coolant compartment comprises removable insulation panel. These insulations panels are utilized to control the rate of heat transfer from the first portion to the dry ice within the pressurized coolant compartment. Based upon number of factors including desired temperature, storage duration, total item weight, the quantity of dry ice and the number of removable insulation panels can be determined. In essence, the pressurized coolant compartment is a controllable heat sink. Within a short period of time, the dry ice starts to sublimate, thereby forming cold gaseous carbon dioxide at a high pressure.

Abstract: An open top tank is provided in which slush ice may be rapidly formed by a method forcibly projecting the formed slush ice from the tank or by a method retaining the slush ice within the tank for removal therefrom by other means. In addition, the tank may be used to cool liquid therein such as propylene glycol down to -20.degree. F. -30.degree. F. such that food stuffs may be dipped into the chilled propylene glycol for quick freezing of the food. The tank is portable and needs only a supply of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure and propylene glycol (or water if slush ice is to be formed).

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a container is provided with a refrigeration facility. A holder for holding carbon dioxide snow is placed within the interior of the container so that the carbon dioxide snow is in gaseous communication with the interior of the container. The holder or a continuous wall region of the holder, constituting about 15% of the total wall area of the holder, is fabricated of a flexible material that is at least substantially impermeable to the carbon dioxide snow and permeable to gaseous carbon dioxide. Additionally, a combination container and holder is disclosed along with a combination holder and support structure. The support structure is attachable to the container to support the holder so that the carbon dioxide snow is in gaseous communication with the interior of the container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically produce blocks of solid CO.sub.2 at low pressure. The apparatus includes at least one closed mold coupled to a liquid CO.sub.2 conditioner and a CO.sub.2 gas recovery system, and a control panel for automatic operation. The method consists in supplying liquid CO.sub.2 to this mold at a low pressure in order to fill the mold with CO.sub.2 snow of low density during a definite period of time, to then raise the pressure inside the mold to an intermediate pressure by supplying liquid CO.sub.2 at this pressure (and at a temperature of approximately -40.degree. C.) to form a dense mass of solid CO.sub.2 which after a definite time will block the admission of CO.sub.2 to the mold, causing a significant pressure drop that is used to create a signal to automatically close off the supply of liquid CO.sub.2 and finalize the production cycle of the block.

Abstract: A device for expansion of liquefied gases, whereby the liquefied gases are used, for instance, as refrigerants for cooling a freezing room. For even distribution of the expanded refrigerant, the liquefied gas is supplied to expansion openings which are arranged inside a cold gas supply pipe. The cold gas supply pipe has an ejector bore hole for aspiration of secondary atmosphere into the cold gas supply pipe. In this way, the expanded refrigerant is finely distributed in the cold gas supply pipe and is mixed with secondary atmosphere.

Abstract: A refrigerated railcar having a bunker for holding CO.sub.2 snow generated by a spray manifold temporarily hooked up to a supply of liquid CO.sub.2, the bunker allowing the gaseous CO.sub.2 sublimated from the formed snow to pass down through vents and into an improved underfloor flow channeled floor which provides a maze-like structure to cool an underside of the cargo. Additionally, an improved insulated manifold pipe hanger is described. Additionally, an improvement in the venting arrangement of the bunker area and an improved configuration of the manifold orifices to provide a more evenly deposited snow thickness throughout the bunker during charging is described.

Abstract: Method for storing and maintaining produce under controlled conditions in a transport container (5) during transportation. Nitrogen-rich gas and carbon dioxide gas are supplied to the container when required by a compact and efficient system wherein the nitrogen gas is generated from the ambient air surrounding the container using an air splitter (35) and the carbon-dioxide is generated from a store of dry-ice (40).

Abstract: An open top tank is provided in which slush ice may be rapidly formed by a method forcibly projecting the formed slush ice from the tank or by a method retaining the slush ice within the tank for removal therefrom by other means. In addition, the tank may be used to cool liquid therein such as proplylene glycol down to -20.degree. F.-30.degree. F. degrees such that food stuffs may be dipped into the chilled propylene glycol for quick freezing of the food. The tank is portable and needs only a supply of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure and propylene glycol (or water if slush ice is to be formed).

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling refrigeration containers using pressurized liquid carbon dioxide is disclosed. The container has upper and lower compartments with a longitudinal distribution pipe located in the upper compartment which extends substantially the length of the container. The pressurized, liquid carbon dioxide is distributed through the distribution pipe in the upper compartment through a plurality of apertures located in the longitudinal distribution pipe which causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide snow in the upper compartment. The refrigerated gas cools the sidewalls of the lower compartment by passing through serpentine passages contained within those sidewalls. There are also switchable cooling vents which, when opened, allow refrigerated gas to pass from the upper compartment directly into the lower comparment.

Abstract: An improved vacuum tumble mixer (10) is provided, the mixer having a horizontal drum (11) with a cylindrical mid-section (12), frusto-conical or dished entry and discharge ends (13, 14), and entry and discharge openings (16, 17) axially into the ends, the drum (11) being rotatable in one direction to tumble products therein and rotatable in the other direction to discharge the contents from the dischage opening. A plurality of primary vanes (26) are secured helically to the interior of the mid-section (12) of the drum, the primary vanes having radial tumbling surfaces (27) to tumble the product and to move the product gently towards the entry end of the drum, the vanes (26) having opposed channel-shaped discharge surfaces (28) which progressively increase in height to convey the products in the drum to discharge chutes (31) that extend helically along the discharge end (14) of the drum to the discharge opening (17). A chilling system (50) can be provided with one or more CO.sub.

Abstract: A vented cold tank is provided and partially filled with a eutectic solution. CO.sub.2 snow forming structure is provided within the interior of the tank above the level of eutectic solution therein and liquid CO.sub.2 injection structure is provided in an lower portion of tank below the level of eutectic solution and arranged to create circulation of the eutectic solution within the tank including generally opposite upper and lower horizontal components of movement and generally opposite vertical components of movement of the solution within the tank. The CO.sub.2 injection structure also is operative to educt a portion of the circulating solution from a lower portion of the interior of the tank adjacent the bottom thereof, mix CO.sub.2 snow with the educted portion of solution, and downwardly direct the mixed CO.sub.

Abstract: An installation for generation of a refrigerated gas flow from a mass of refrigerating material in solid or liquid state, includes a closed vaporization chamber (4) containing a charge (7) of refrigerating material in liquid or solid state and capable of resisting pressure. An ejector (9) of the Venturi type ensures the drive of a much greater gaseous flow rate by a drive stream of gas under pressure. A conduit (12) connecting the closed vaporization chamber (4) to the ejector (9) to feed to this latter the gas from the chamber by vaporization or sublimation of the refrigerating material as a drive flow of gas under pressure. The outlet of the ejector (9) is connected to a sleeve (10) whose length extends through a refrigerating chamber. This sleeve has along its length outlet nozzles (11) to distribute the refrigerated gas flow throughout the volume of the refrigerated chamber and to ensure the agitation of the air in this latter by jets of gas from the nozzles.

Abstract: Apparatus for storing produce under controlled conditions embodied in a transport container (5) for maintaining produce under controlled conditions during transportation. Nitrogen-rich gas and carbon dioxide gas are supplied to the container when required by a compact and efficient system wherein the nitrogen gas is generated from the ambient air surrounding the container using an air splitter (35) and the carbon-dioxide is generated from a store of dry-ice (40).

Abstract: An artificial snowfall system comprises a snowfall room (2) in which are properly disposed a snow catching element (4) made of materials excellent in gas permeability and an atomizer unit (8) for ejecting atomized particles of liquid into the room (2). The atomized particles are frozen by heat exchange with ambient air within the room (2). The ambient air is kept at a temperature of below a freezing point of the liquid and forms an air flow passing through the snow catching element (4). The air flow causes the frozen particles to be deposited on one side of the catching element (4) to form a snow layer thereon. A beater element (9) for beating the other side of the catching element (4) is oppositely disposed from the other side to have the snow layer separated from the catching element (4). The thus separated snow layer creates artificial snowfall in the room (2).

Abstract: A refrigeration unit, especially a refrigerator or the like, includes a useful space. At least one container at least partially occupies the useful space for storing perishables. A device lowers pressure prevailing in the at least one container by partial aspiration of a remaining air volume surrounding the perishables. A device fills the at least one container with a gas atmosphere for increasing the storage life of the stored perishables.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blower for the production of a mist or the like (e.g. a smoke, a fog, etc.). The blower comprises a conduit means able to convey liquid carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a support means, said conduit means having an inlet means suitable for introducing liquid CO.sub.2 therewithin and an outlet means able to discharge liquid CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere so as to form a mist or the like, said inlet means being fixed to said support means, characterized in that, said outlet means is rotatably coupled to said inlet means, said outlet means being rotatable about a first axis of rotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isothermal container with isothermal walls comprising a thermally conducting reservoir (10) for refrigerant product disposed in the upper part of the container; a baffle (3) of thermally insulating material, of a size slightly less than the internal section of the container and having about its periphery an annular space (8) suitable for the free passage of the gas is disposed horizontally below the reservoir (10), at a distance sufficient to delimit in the upper part of the container a region (6) suitable for natural convective heat exchange; the reservoir (10) and the baffle (3) comprising securement and support means (4, 12, 13, 14) in the container (1), characterized in that it computes at least one food compartment (c) disposed in the container, below the plate forming a baffle, of a size substantially less than the internal volume of the container, a space remaining free about the compartment (c) in the container.

Abstract: A rapid freezing apparatus utilizes a flexible bag surrounding a cooling chamber for containing solid carbon dioxide formed in situ.

Abstract: An insulated refrigerated storage container apparatus comprises a plurality of wall members defining a generally rectilinear enclosure and including respective top, bottom, front, rear and opposing side wall members. An access opening is provided in the front wall and an access door mounted to the access opening for selectively closing the same. A refrigerant compartment is located interiorly of the enclosure adjacent the top wall thereof. Channels are provided for directing a flow of refrigerated fluid from the refrigerant compartment over and around top, rear and bottom portions of the interior of the enclosure so as to substantially surround an interior volume defined within the enclosure with refrigerated fluid. An exhaust vent is located at a lower portion of the container for exhausting excess air and spent refrigerated fluid from the enclosure.

Abstract: A refrigeration system (10) consisting of an insulated railcar (12) that utilizes sublimated carbon dioxide to maintain the integrity of stored products. The insulated railcar (12) includes a divider (22) that partitions the insulated railcar (12) into a lower storage area (26) and an upper bunker (24). The bunker (24) contains a distribution manifold (28) for forming carbon dioxide snow and distributing the formed snow throughout the bunker (24). Sublimation ports (30) along each sidewall (18) and end wall (20) allow the sublimated carbon dioxide to pass to the lower storage area (26) to refrigerate the stored products during transit. A plenum (42) and emission vent (44) is provided at each end of the insulated railcar (12) to vent sublimated carbon dioxide to the exterior atmosphere. The insulated railcar (12) also includes pressure relief ports (32) located substantially below the distribution manifold (28) to vent flash gas generated during the snow forming process.

Abstract: A vented cold tank is provided and partially filled with a eutectic solution. CO.sub.2 snow forming structure is provided within the interior of the tank above the level of the eutectic solution therein and liquid CO.sub.2 injection means is provided in a lower portion of the tank below the level of eutectic solution and arranged to create circulation of the eutectic solution within the tank including generally opposite horizontal and generally opposite vertical component of movement of the solution within the tank. Further, structure is provided for communicating the CO.sub.2 snow forming means and the liquid CO.sub.2 injection means with the same source of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure.