Abstract: A top structure for closing the top of an insulated box like transport container and for cooling goods therein is formed as a block like unit of foamed or cellular plastic. The top structure has cavities for receiving an un-pressurized liquid cooling medium that evaporates to a gaseous state, and that emerges into the container to keep the contents thereof at a predetermined temperature. The cavities for the liquid cooling medium are formed directly in the foamed or cellular plastic and communicate via a liquid trap with output channels opening out at the underside of the block like unit. Filler openings are arranged to allow gravity filling of the cavities.

Abstract: A container for transporting an accidentally severed limb 17 or other body part and keeping it cool to aid the success rate of replantation surgery comprising a suitcase-like openable container 2 made of aluminium sheet 4 with a heat insulating covering 5. To maintain the temperature of the container between 2.degree. C. and 6.degree. C., a cylinder of carbon dioxide 19 is mounted in a holder 9, 18 on the outside of the container and has its shut-off valve 20 connected to an injector nozzle 23 in the container. Carbon dioxide discharged by the nozzle 23 produces dry ice in the container 2 to cool it. The flow of gas through the nozzle 23 is controlled by a thermostatic device which includes a spring 24 made of a shape-memory alloy which allows the nozzle 23 to be closed at temperatures below 2.degree. C. but which regains its strength at a temperature of 6.degree. C. to open the nozzle when the inside of the container has warmed up again to this temperature.

Abstract: A chamber for keeping perishable material, either liquid or solid, under refrigeration is provided with a tubular metal container that can be filled with pressurized liquid carbon dioxide. When the pressure in the container holding liquid carbon dioxide is dropped to atmospheric pressure, approximately half of the liquid flashes off as vapor and half becomes solid. The container is disposed along the top of the chamber so that refrigeration from solid carbon dioxide therein flows through the chamber by convection currents. Carbon dioxide vapor may flow from the container into the chamber to provide a protective atmosphere for the material therein.

Abstract: A non-mechanical refrigeration system particularly for use in a large insulated container such as a truck or railroad car for maintaining perishables at a desired low temperature during shipment. A cryogenic material such as liquid CO.sub.2 is used in a plurality of modes to permit or prevent exposure of the foodstuffs to CO.sub.2 vapors.

Abstract: The invention concerns the surface cooling of food products.Nozzles project particles of carbon dioxide snow in the direction of a conveyor. The nozzles have sufficiently fine sections (0.2 sq mm / 1.13 sq mm) to create fine particles having sizes of less than 300 microns.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the refrigeration of perishable materials which are stored on a cart having a top, a bottom and a side. The apparatus consists of a first insulation extending over the bottom of the cart and a second insulation material surrounding the sides and top of the cart. Refrigeration material such as dry ice is added at the top around the second insulation in a manner so that the refrigerated gases expelled by the dry ice fall in the space between the second insulation material and the cart, thereby expelling any hot air which passes through the second insulation material or into the refrigerated space around the bottom of the cart.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are set forth for a refrigerating or freezing system wherein liquid cryogen, such as liquid air, is fully vaporized during use to avoid dangers of liquid cryogen pooling, liquid cryogen contact with apparatus surfaces or inadvertent oxygen enrichment.

Abstract: A railcar refrigerated by carbon dioxide snow has compartment at top for containing a supply of such snow. Openings are provided along each side and end wall for escape of carbon dioxide gas from compartment so it can flow down along each side of load and envelop same. Floor of car is formed with longitudinal channels with manifolds at ends of car to cause flow of gas toward one end along side walls and then through interior channels to discharge opening at opposite end.

Abstract: An apparatus for a non-mechanical refrigerated vehicle is disclosed. A rail car (10) has an enclosed storage area (17). A bunker (20) is positioned proximate the ceiling (16) for containing solid refrigerant flakes. Loading manifold (50), supply manifold (70) and the nozzle (75) transfer and convert the liquid CO.sub.2 into the solid refrigerant flakes that are directed into the bunker (22). A mesh screen (30) allows for vapor to exit the bunker (22) to the storage area (17). The screen mesh (30) is positioned proximate the first sidewall (11). The sidewalls (11) and (12) have channels (34) and the floor strips (44) have air flow channels (44e) for the flow of air, including vapor. When the refrigerant flakes sublimate in the bunker (22), the vapor flows from the bunker (22) out the screen mesh (30), down the channel (34) of the first sidewall (11), across the air flow channel ( 44e) and up the channel (34) of the second sidewall (32), all by convection.

Abstract: A container is disclosed for maintaining its contents at a desired temperature for an extended period of time such as for use in shipping contents in a frozen condition. The container includes an outer shell which is substantially airtight and which has an inner surface; a passive heat exchange medium; a support structure for the heat exchange medium; and means for maintaining an air space between the contents of the container and substantially the entire inner surface of the outer shell of the container and between the contents of the container and the support structure for the heat exchange medium for allowing convection current to develop in the air space which circulates past the heat exchange medium and maintains a substantially uniform temperature around the contents of the container.

Abstract: Top structure for a transport compartment formed of a pallet with a so-called pallet collar or the like or of another upwardly openable container, which structure is adapted to upwardly close the compartment and to maintain cold in the goods contained in the transport compartment. The new feature is that a tank or container for cooling or freezing medium in liquid state is accommodated in the top structure, said tank being provided with a permanently open nozzle through which the medium after evaporation is adapted successively to flow out into the compartment under the top structure.

Abstract: A generally rectangular container is provided including insulated top, bottom, opposite side and opposite end walls. An upstanding transverse insulated hollow housing is mounted within the container adjacent one end thereof and a CO.sub.2 snow cabinet constructed of good heat transfer material is disposed within the housing with opposing wall portions of the cabinet and housing passing exteriorly about the cabinet. A heat insulative horizontal baffle is mounted within the container spaced below the top wall and extends between the sidewalls thereof. The baffle defines a cooled air passage beneath the top wall extending lengthwise of the container. The airflow passage includes an outlet end adjacent and in at least reasonably closed communication with the end of the cooled air passage adjacent the aforementioned one container end wall and an inlet end opening outwardly of the housing into the interior of the container below the baffle.

Abstract: A chilling container includes a chilling agent chamber and a chilled goods chamber. The chilling agent chamber is sealed shut to contain e.g. dry ice, is highly insulated from the outside, and is connected by a pressure passage system to the chilled goods chamber which has an opening to the outside and a door. The chilling agent is vaporized in the chilling agent chamber by removal of the heat. A pressure drop occurs and therewith a forced movement with a forced circulation of the vaporized gases into the chilled goods chamber. A wall containing the pressure passage system is cooler and is opposite the door causing convection circulation which reinforces the forced circulation. A wall separating the chambers is relatively highly heat conductive.

Abstract: A cooling device, particularly for heat protective suits, comprises, a housing having a bottom with a heat exchanger surface exposed therein, and a solid refrigerant, such as dry ice, overlying the heat exchanger surface. The ice is preferably biased toward the heat exchanger surface and a flexible intermediate layer is disposed between the dry ice and the heat exchanger surface. The flexible intermediate layer is saturated with a fluid, such as one which remains liquid to below the sublimation point of the solid refrigerant. The heat exchanger surface is advantageously connected through connecting lines and a pump to circulate it through various passages in the protective vest or suit.

Abstract: A system for producing refrigeration from a source of liquid carbon dioxide. The liquid carbon dioxide is injected through a nozzle into a primary stream within an elongate enclosure. The enclosure is mounted with its inlet end spaced about the nozzle to define an opening through which an annular stream of ambient gas is directed about the primary stream. The ambient gas turbulently intermixes with the injected coolant for subliming any solid carbon dioxide or snow so that the resulting stream exhausting from the enclosure is free of snow.

Abstract: Improved chilling apparatus for aircraft meal tray storage and/or serving carts utilizes a slidable tray type of bunker member for receiving dry ice or other cooling material. The bunker member is preferably of thermoformed plastic, is insulated on its bottom and sides, and has a channeled bottom which supports pieces of dry ice while permitting air to be circulated by a blower under the dry ice pieces as well as around and over them. At its downstream end, the bunker has an air flow turning surface and an air discharge opening through its bottom. At its upstream end, an opening directs return air which has passed over the meal trays to an angularly positioned blower located in the cart housing above the inlet end of the bunker.

Abstract: Chilling apparatus especially adapted for airline food tray serving carts has a small blower at one upper end of the inside of the cart which exhausts air across a pan of dry ice or other cooling material removably positioned on an upper shelf of the cart. Spacer means in the cart enclosure prevent the trays stacked therein from blocking a vertical air flow passage at each end of the cart. Thus, the chilled air is directed downwardly from the pan over the inside wall of a door on the cart. The chilled air then passes horizontally over at least a portion of the trays containing items to be chilled and is sucked upwardly along the other inside end wall of the cart to the blower inlet duct. The apparatus is very light in weight and can provide sufficiently uniform cooling to the items on each tray which must be chilled when a container on each tray is being simultaneously heated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed whereby liquid refrigerant, such as liquefied carbon dioxide, is discharged from the outlet end portion of a supply line whose inlet end portion is communicated with a source of liquefied carbon dioxide under pressure and wherein the discharge of liquefied carbon dioxide from the outlet end portion of the line is effected through a spray head directed toward surface portions upon which the spray discharge of liquefied carbon dioxide may impinge for conversion to carbon dioxide snow and carbon dioxide gas and further wherein an intermediate portion of the supply line is disposed in good heat transfer relation with the aforementioned surface portions for cooling the intermediate portion of the supply line to a temperature closely approaching the triple point temperature (approximately minus 69.degree. F.) with the pressure of the liquefied carbon dioxide being discharged from the spray head being approximately 75 psi absolute.

Abstract: Refrigeration is produced by passing liquid carbon dioxide through a narrow slot into an enclosure or conduit having an inlet and an outlet in communication with ambient atmosphere. Liquid carbon dioxide is converted to solid and gaseous phases upon passage through the slot to produce a refrigeration effect and such phases are directed toward the enclosure exit thereby entraining ambient atmosphere in the solid and gaseous stream. This entrainment and mixing is effective to cause a relatively rapid sublimation of the solid carbon dioxide after exiting the enclosure and thus permits uniform refrigeration of a chamber into which the solid and gaseous carbon dioxide is discharged.

Abstract: Quick-freezing of food products in liquid or paste form is achieved by mixing the food with an excess of carbon dioxide snow. A finely divided carbon dioxide snow bed is formed in situ by stirring and then there is brought into contact with the resultant bed of carbon dioxide snow particles the food product in a paste or liquid state, divided on contact with the snow, until the granules of the food product are formed. The apparatus is applicable in the industrial food field and for making of products intended for home consumption.

Abstract: A cabinet is provided for containing items to be maintained in a cooled state and includes a hollow insulated housing having upstanding side walls and top and bottom walls closing the upper and lower ends of the housing. An inclined baffle is mounted within an upper portion of the housing and is constructed of a material having good heat transfer properties. The baffle defines a first closed heat absorbent material receiving chamber thereabove and a second cooled items receiving chamber therebelow within the housing. The lower marginal portion of the baffle terminates substantially against the inner surface of one side wall of the housing and the cabinet includes first and second access means opening into the interior of the first and second chambers from the exterior of the cabinet.

Abstract: An insulated container (10) and a process for shipping perishable products utilizes a box (16) having a lid (18) with an internal compartment for receiving a quantity of dry ice (32) or other expendable refrigerant. The perishable products, which are prechilled, are packed into the box (16) and are covered with a layer of wet ice (24) and a wet pad (26). As the dry ice (32) sublimates, it freezes the wet pad (26) and refrigerates the box (16) to maintain the products in chilled condition. Secondary refrigeration is provided by the frozen wet pad (26) and layer of ice (24).

Abstract: The present method may be employed to reduce the temperature of water including chilling or freezing the water to produce ice and slush and simultaneously therewith keeping the water in motion, as from one container to another, without the use of a circulating pump. Liquid carbon dioxide is used as an expendable refrigerant by releasing same continuously beneath the water and then the activity of the conversion of the carbon dioxide changing from a liquid to a solid and gas is applied in a confined space to circulate the water as a liquid heat exchange medium.The basic apparatus comprises a large container of water in which are one or more conduits or stacks at the bottom of which are holes admitting the water to be chilled. A CO.sub.2 nozzle receives liquid CO.sub.2 and a pressurized supply tank discharges the CO.sub.2 as a solid and gas through the nozzle which receives the CO.sub.

Abstract: The present method may be employed to reduce the temperature of water including chilling or freezing the water to produce ice and slush and simultaneously therewith keeping the water in motion, as from one container to another, without the use of a circulating pump. Liquid carbon dioxide is used as an expendable refrigerant by releasing same continuously beneath the water and then the activity of the conversion of the carbon dioxide changing from a liquid to a solid and gas is applied in a confined space to circulate the water as a liquid heat exchange medium.The basic apparatus comprises a large container of water in which are one or more conduits or stacks at the bottom of which are holes admitting the water to be chilled. A CO.sub.2 nozzle receives liquid CO.sub.2 and a pressurized supply tank discharges the CO.sub.2 as a solid and gas through the nozzle which receives the CO.sub.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for cleaning the icemaker of a beverage dispensing machine having a carbonator in which carbonated water is introduced into the icemaker and into the water feeder tank and is allowed to stand for a period of time sufficient to dissolve or loosen bacterial slime and accumulated lime, after which time the carbonated water is drained and the system is flushed with still water. In one embodiment of the invention the feeder tank and icemaker are drained and carbonated water is introduced. In another embodiment carbon dioxide from the carbonator is introduced directly into the water in the icemaker and water feeder tank.

Abstract: A self-contained detachable refrigeration unit is disclosed for use in a cargo-carrying container having at least one porthole therein. Refrigeration units are well known for keeping cargos at low temperatures. In many cases such units rely on outside power. Alternatively, they include an internal combustion engine which is noisy and in turn produces a disturbance in the location of the container. The present unit is completely self-contained and overcomes the problems of the prior art. It provides an assembly having a detachable means for mounting on the container adjacent the porthole, an insulated tank supported within the frame assembly, the tank adapted to contain liquid carbon dioxide. The assembly also includes a control panel with a temperature selective control means for controlling the flow of liquid carbon dioxide to the container. A porthole closure assembly is connected to the frame assembly by a flexible connector.

Abstract: A refrigerator incorporates an insulated cabinet having an access opening and a door normally closing said opening with at least one dry ice carrier removably disposed in said cabinet in alignment with said access opening. Said dry ice carrier takes the form of a container having a solid side and a perforated side and of a size and shape enabling the dry ice carrier to be positioned at one side of said insulated cabinet or transversely thereof as desired.