Abstract: A refrigerating and heating apparatus using a solid sorbent includes at least one compartmentalized reactor having solid sorbents able to fix at least one refrigerating fluid and in contact with a heat exchanger, a mechanism for the alternate circulation of a heat transfer fluid between hot and cold sources, by use of the exchanger, in order to create in the sorbent a temperature front passing through the compartments, a condenser and an evaporator. The thermal conductivity and permeability of the sorbent are lower parallel to the displacement of the heat transfer fluid in the exchanger than perpendicular thereto. Gaseous refrigerating fluid circulating means create a pressure front passing through the compartments with the temperature front.

Abstract: A cooling and heating device using a chemical reaction comprising at least four reactors, each containing a salt capable of chemically reacting with a gas, an enclosure for receiving gas from the reactors and an enclosure for conveying gas to the reactors. The device is arranged so that, during the chemical reaction, two reactors are at the same higher pressure level, while two reactors are at the same lower pressure level. According to the invention, the device also comprises a heat-transporting fluid circuit for transferring heat between the reactors, operating at the same presure level.

Abstract: A rotary sorption heat pump for heating or cooling comprised of a plurality of sorption modules, each of which has at least two different zones of heat and mass transfer. The sorption modules are mounted to a frame which is adapted for rotation. Thermosyphons are used to transfer heat between different zones of sorption modules.

Abstract: A sorption method and sorption medium container arrangement utilizes two sorption medium containers and at least one heat exchanger for use with each sorption medium container for absorbing or emitting heat. Each sorption medium container is filled with a sorption medium that can adsorb an operating medium by releasing heat and can desorb or expel the operating medium by absorbing heat. The sorption medium container arrangement also includes steam sources or steam troughs which are connected to the sorption medium containers. The steam source or trough is designed to provide or receive operating medium steam. A heat carrier medium flows through the heat exchanger of the first sorption medium container during a first partial operation phase wherein the sorption medium is cooled and the first sorption medium container is heated.

Abstract: Apparatus for simultaneously supplying heating and cooling or refrigeration comprises first and second reactors each containing a complex compound of a metal salt and a gaseous refrigerant adsorbed thereon, a condenser, refrigerant conduit means for directing the refrigerant to and from the condenser and reactors, and fluid conduit means for directing heat transfer fluid in heat exchange communication with the condenser and selectively with the reactors. In another embodiment each reactor contains a different salt and instead of a condenser, energy is recovered through heat exchange fluid in heat exchange communication with the reactors.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: Apparatus and process are disclosed for sorption heat pumping at high efficiency in a smooth and continuous manner using a multiplicity of stationary triplex sorption modules. The hermetically sealed trisorption modules, each of which contains at least two solid sorbents, are free of pumps, valves, restrictors, or any similar devices for flow control of refrigerant or sorbent. The apparatus contains no moving parts beyond a small number of control and motive devices for the heat transfer fluids. The preferred refrigerant is ammonia and the preferred sorbents are the solid type with monovariant equilibrium, e.g., BaCl.sub.2, SrCl.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2, MnCl.sub.2, FeCl.sub.2 and SrBr.sub.2.The apparatus is preferably adapted for residential or small-scale commercial space-conditioning applications, and operates at double-effect efficiency in both the heating and cooling modes without inter-module heat transfer.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for multi-stage sorption and desorption of process gas using a multiple concentric tube apparatus having a thermal supply gas pass through the central conduit creating a thermal wave passing through a high temperature sorption/desorption salt in the innermost annular compartment desorbing prior sorbed process gas followed by passing the thermal wave to an outer annular compartment which together with heat of sorption of process gas in an inner annular compartment desorbs process gas in the outer annular compartment. The process is useful in heat pumps and gas evaporative cooling cycles.

Abstract: Apparatus and process are disclosed for sorption heat pumping at high efficiency in a smooth and continuous manner using a multiplicity of intermittent cycle triplex sorption modules. The hermetically sealed trisorption modules, each of which contains at least two solid sorbents, are free of pumps, valves, restrictors, or any similar devices for flow control of refrigerant or sorbent. The preferred refrigerant is ammonia and the preferred sorbents are the solid type with monovariant equilibrium, e.g., BaCl.sub.2, SrCl.sub.2, CaCl.sub.2, MnCl.sub.2, FeCl.sub.2 and SrBr.sub.2. The apparatus is preferably adapted for residential or small-scale commercial space-conditioning applications, and operates at double-effect efficiency in both the heating and cooling modes without inter-module heat transfer.

Abstract: The regeneration temperature of a chemical heat pump of closed system utilizing reversible reaction between calcium oxide and water is lowered by using an aqueous solution of a salt in an absorber-condensor provided separately from a reactor filled with calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: An improved absorption cycle apparatus and system using aqueous solutions of metal salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, nitrites, and alkaline earth and transition metal hydroxides, halides, thiocyanates, and mixtures thereof between about 14% and about 30%, by weight, of said metal salt, of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, alkaline glycol ethers, aliphatic amines and alkanol amines.

Abstract: An adsorptional heat pump for using as a cooler or a heater which comprises a pair of rotary module discs and plurality of thermosyphons. The rotary module discs comprise a plurality of modules of which each of two modules are positioned in order to be opposite with each other. The thermosyphon is positioned between the two opposite modules, so that both ends thereof are respectively inserted into corresponding modules and has a good heat transferring feature, so that the thermosyphon provides an internal heat exchange between the modules. The heat pump according to the invention repeatedly and periodically carries out consequent processes such as generation. .fwdarw.heat exchange.fwdarw.adsorption.fwdarw.heat exchange.fwdarw.generation. The present invention can provide a heat pump having a promoted efficiency.

Abstract: A heat accumulation system has a plurality of chemical heat accumulation units arranged in parallel and each incorporating reaction vessels containing, respectively, a chemical heat accumulating material such as zeolite and a reaction medium such as water. Any surplus heat which could not be used in the regeneration of the chemical heat accumulation material in one system is utilized for evaporation of a reaction medium in the other unit. Disclosed also is a method of operating this system.

Abstract: Device for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas reaction, intended to be used, for example, for air conditioning, including reactor chambers, each chamber being intended to contain a reagent formed from a mixture of a salt and an expanded product which is a good thermal conductor, the reagent being able to react through absorption with a gas according to an exothermic reaction, the device including moreover, a passage for a fluid to be cooled and a passage for a fluid to be heated. According to the invention, the device includes reactor chambers connected together pairwise, the transfer of heat between the reactor chambers and with the fluid being afforded by heat pipes of the gravitational type.

Abstract: Sorption cooling system of the present invention comprises a transportable cooling unit and a stationary charging (i.e. desorption) station. The transportable cooling unit includes an adsorption container containing an adsorption medium, a cooling container containing a liquid operating medium, and a heat exchanger contained within the cooling container and being surrounded by the liquid operating medium. An operating medium vapor conduit connects the adsorption container and the cooling container, and includes a shut off device which renders the operating medium vapor conduit selectively closable. The stationary charging station is detachable from the cooling unit, and includes a temperature controlled heating box having an opening for receiving the adsorption medium container of the transportable cooling unit, so that a discharged adsorption medium container can be selectively heated to desorb the operating fluid therefrom to form vapor which is condensed to liquid form and stored in the cooling container.

Abstract: A system for storing chemical energy comprises first and second vessels, the first containing a liquid solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, halide, or thiocyanate, or ammonium halide or thiocynate at an initial concentration of between about 30% to abotu 80%, by weight, the second vessel containing liquid, a space about the liquid in each vessel and a conduit communicating between the spaces having a valve for selectively allowing liquid vapor to pass between the spaces, means for heating the solution to a temperature above about 80.degree. F., means for cooling the liquid to a temperature below about 55.degree. F., and heat exchange means for transferring heat from the heated solution and for transferring heat to the cooled liquid. Water is the preferred liquid although ammonia, lower alcohols, and polyols such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, lower aliphatic amines and alkanol amines, and mixtures thereof, may be used.

Abstract: A regenerative heating apparatus includes a radiating container and an adsorbent contained in the container. The adsorbent adsorbs vapor to generate heat when touched by the vapor, and releases the adsorbed vapor when heated. A heater for heating the adsorbent is disposed in the container. The vapor released from the adsorbent is condensed by a condensor and then fed into a liquid tank, thereby a dried adsorbent is produced. In a heating operation, the liquid in the tank is fed to an evaporator by a pump and evaporated thereby. The resultant vapor is fed to the dried adsorbent, and the adsorbent adsorbs the vapor to generate heat, thereby heating air around the container.

Abstract: The invention concerns a thermic machine comprising a reactor of the adsorption-desorption type, a condenser and an evaporator. According to the invention, the machine is constituted by a first vertical hermetic cylindrical tank section (1), traversed by a first hydraulic circuit (4) and containing the reactor, an envelope arranged at the periphery of the first tank section (1), which is connected to a second hydraulic circuit (6) and which together with the wall of the said first tank section (1) constitutes the condenser (5), and a second hermetic tank section (2) in communication with and arranged below tank section (1), the second tank section being traversed by a third hydraulic circuit (7) and constituting the evaporator.

Abstract: A two terminal control switch having a main switch and a saturable current transformer whose primary winding is series connected with the main switch. A center tapped full wave rectifier has a capacitor connected between its DC sides, such capacitor also being connected to a junction between the primary winding and the main switch.

Abstract: A plurality of adsorption containers are provided which are separated into heater adsorber zones and condenser evaporator zones. The zones are successfully rotated through flow segments which form a passageway for heat carrier flows. The heater adsorption zones contain an adsorption substance from which an operating substance is extracted by adsorbing heat from a heat carrier flow and is again adsorbed by emitting heat to a further heat carrier flow. The operating substance condenses and evaporates by means of a heat exchange with further heat exchangers. The adsorption devices are suitable as cooling devices and heat pumps as well as heat transformers and heat exchangers.

Abstract: A centrifugal absorption heat pump in which the heat released on condensation of the vapor of a first working fluid is used to generate a vapor from a solution of a second working fluid, and/or heat released on absorption of a third working fluid in an absorbent is used to evaporate a fourth working fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for storing heat energy in the form of chemical energy comprises a first container for a liquid medium containing a non-volatile solute and a second container for a liquid medium containing the solute in a different concentration from that of the medium in the first container. The containers are communicated through a pair of liquid repellent, porous membranes, so that only the vapor can enter the opposite container, while transferring heat energy.

Abstract: Solid absorber apparatus for a discontinuously operable, cyclic absorption process comprising a housing; a solid absorber material provided in a plurality of juxtaposed chamber-like zones within the housing, the zones each having, in transverse cross-section, four sides which extend longitudinally within the housing, heat exchange means disposed along at least a portion of each of at least two but less than four sides of each of the zones whereby the zones are at least partially defined and separated from one another, and extending longitudinally within the housing, and adapted to carry alternatingly cooling and heating heat exchange medium so that at least a major portion of the heat flow between the absorber material and the respective heat exchange medium takes place across the sides of each of the zones; and a single vapor region defined within and extending longitudinally within the housing, being chargeable with a coolant vapor, being alternatively connectable with a condensor and an evaporator, and com

Abstract: A chemisorption thermal system provides a cooling output by revolving an array of thermal elements through heat sink and heat source temperature zones defined within a cylindrical housing. Each thermal element is an enclosed elongated body having an absorbent material at one end and a reactant containing part at the other end. Reactant is desorbed from the absorbent material in one part of the thermal cycle, and then evaporated from the reactant containing part to provide a cooling output in another part of the cycle. It is particularly suitable as a vehicle air conditioner using the engine waste heat as a heat source and the vehicle radiator as a heat sink. The invention also makes use of dry chemical absorbent materials which have high heats of reaction allowing the system to have a high heat capacity and low volume. The thermal cycle may be reversed to provide a heating output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the use of heat taken up at low temperature is disclosed wherein a flow of transfer medium is passed through a low temperature heat source to absorb heat. The flow then passes through multiple, sequential stages of a heat pump which successively increase in temperature whereby the flow picks up heat. The flow then releases heat to the heat receiver and subsequently passes through multiple sequential degassing stages of the heat pump. The flow releases evaporation heat and is cooled to a suitable temperature for use in the low temperature heat source. The heat pump preferably includes a two substance mixture provided within a two portion, hermetically sealed chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar powered heat pump useful for both heating and cooling building space and for providing refrigeration. The device operates on a chemical effect (adsorption) intermittent heat pump cycle in which the moderately high temperature heat generated by insolation is used to drive the desorber. The device has inherent thermal storage, can be factory built, sealed, and tested, can be electronically controlled for completely automatic operation, and includes a built-in back-up heater which obviates the need for installation of a separate back-up heating system. It can be manufactured from inexpensive materials such as glass, and implodes rather than explodes on failure.A preferred embodiment of the device is designed as a modular unit which can readily be combined with others of identical design to produce a solar powered battery panel for heating and cooling. This embodiment preferably comprises a tubular enclosure defining a pair of chambers separated by a valve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar powered heat pump useful for both heating and cooling building space and for providing refrigeration. The device operates on a chemical effect (adsorption) intermittent heat pump cycle in which the moderately high temperature heat generated by insolation is used to drive the desorber. The device has inherent thermal storage, can be factory built, sealed, and tested, can be electronically controlled for completely automatic operation, and includes a built-in back-up heater which obviates the need for installation of a separate back-up heating system. It can be manufactured from inexpensive materials such as glass, and implodes rather than explodes on failure.A preferred embodiment of the device is designed as a modular unit which can readily be combined with others of identical design to produce a solar powered battery panel for heating and cooling. This embodiment preferably comprises a tubular enclosure defining a pair of chambers separated by a valve.

Abstract: Heat energy is stored chemically in and extracted from an energy accumulator containing a substance which contains less liquid in the charged, high-energy condition of the accumulator than it does in the discharged low-energy condition of the accumulator, which is associated with vapor condensing and generating means which is maintained at a low temperature as compared with the accumulator in which a liquid container is comprised. Vapor is driven off from the accumulator substance and transferred to the vapor condensing and generating means when energy is stored in the accumulator, and is returned to the accumulator when heat energy is extracted therefrom. The system comprising the accumulator and said vapor condensing and generating means is maintained substantially free from other gases than said vapor.

Abstract: A solid adsorption air conditioning apparatus for cooling and heating which is compact in size and particularly adapted to low capacity and which may be at least partially solar powered and air cooled. The apparatus utilizes water vapor as refrigerant working within a hermetically sealed module. The hermetically sealed module has opposing thermally conductive walls which are internally coated with water vapor adsorbent material and thermally insulated from each other.

Abstract: A solid adsorption air conditioning apparatus and process for cooling and heating which is compact in size and particularly adapted to low capacity and which may be at least partially solar powered and air cooled. The apparatus and process utilizes water vapor as refrigerant working within a hermetically sealed module. The hermetically sealed module has opposing thermally conductive walls which are internally coated with water vapor adsorbent material and thermally insulated from each other.

Abstract: A system for storing chemical energy comprises first and second vessels, the first containing a liquid solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, halide, or thiocyanate, or ammonium halide or thiocynate at an initial concentration of between about 30% to abotu 80%, by weight, the second vessel containing liquid, a space about the liquid in each vessel and a conduit communicating between the spaces having a valve for selectively allowing liquid vapor to pass between the spaces, means for heating the solution to a temperature above about 80.degree. F., means for cooling the liquid to a temperature below about 55.degree. F., and heat exchange means for transferring heat from the heated solution and for transferring heat to the cooled liquid. Water is the preferred liquid although ammonia, lower alcohols, and polyols such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, lower aliphatic amines and alkanol amines, and mixtures thereof, may be used.