Abstract: Inorganic metallic compounds, particularly salts, oxides and hydroxides, are removed from solutions by removing at least a part of the solution liquid and stirring and cooling this part while in the metastable state until a crystallization of the metallic compounds is rendered possible. Then energy is fed in bursts to the cooled down part in order to initiate the crystallization. The crystallized metallic compounds are separated, leaving a residual liquor which then is transferred back to the solution.

Abstract: A crystallization/separation apparatus is disclosed for material mixtures having vertical crystallization column, cooling and heating devices, feeding-in and withdrawal connections, pumps, valves, connecting conduit tubings and drive motor, a cylindrical tube contains perpendicular aisles, rotatable at a central axis. The tube is distributed into segment-shaped chambers by said aisles, each substantially the same size. Also disclosed is a method for the separation of material mixtures.

Abstract: An improved crystallization process is disclosed for separating a crystallizable material and an excluded material which is at least partially excluded from the solid phase of the crystallizable material obtained upon freezing a liquid phase of the materials. The solid phase is more dense than the liquid phase, and it is separated therefrom by relative movement with the formation of a packed bed of solid phase. The packed bed is continuously formed adjacent its lower end and passed from the liquid phase into a countercurrent flow of backwash liquid. The packed bed extends through the level of the backwash liquid to provide a drained bed of solid phase adjacent its upper end which is melted by a condensing vapor.