Abstract: A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a feedstock chamber to which the feedstock is provided, a heat exchanger assembly in thermal communication with the feedstock chamber, the heat exchanger assembly being configured to freeze the feedstock in the feedstock chamber, an output flow arrangement configured to carry liquid from the feedstock chamber as the feedstock thaws, the output flow arrangement comprising a flow controller, a sensor disposed along the output flow arrangement or the heat exchanger assembly, the sensor being configured to measure a characteristic of the liquid, the characteristic being indicative of a solute concentration level of the liquid or the heat exchanger assembly, and a processor responsive to the characteristic and configured to control the flow controller to, based on the solute concentration level, direct the liquid passing through the output flow arrangement to define a plurality of products at different concentration levels, the plurality of p

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising cells of at least one strain of a halophilic microorganism, and alkali sulfate in a concentration of at least 30 g/l based on the total volume of the aqueous composition. The present invention further relates to a method for treating a waste water, comprising obtaining or providing a waste water, contacting said waste water with cells of at least one strain of a halophilic microorganism, and thereby generating an aqueous composition comprising alkali sulfate in a concentration of at least 30 g/l, and incubating said aqueous composition under conditions which allow for the treatment of the waste water.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the efficient cooling within air liquefaction processes with integrated use of cold recovery from an adjacent LNG gasification process are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain implementations of natural gas liquid fractionation plant waste heat conversion to simultaneous cooling capacity and potable water using Kalina Cycle and modified multi-effect distillation system can be implemented as a system. The system includes first waste heat recovery heat exchanger configured to heat a first buffer fluid stream by exchange with a first heat source in a natural gas liquid fractionation plant. The system includes a water desalination system comprising a first train of one or more desalination heat exchangers configured to heat saline by exchange with the heated first buffer fluid stream to generate fresh water and brine.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially feasible method for separating tritiated water from contaminated water. The method for separating tritiated water from light water contaminated by the tritiated water, includes the steps of; adding heavy water to the contaminated water; converting the liquid mixture of the contaminated water and the heavy water into a mixture of the light water and a gas hydrate consisting essentially of the tritiated water and the heavy water as the crystal structure under a condition of converting into the gas hydrate of at least one of the heavy water and the tritiated water, and yet keeping most of the light water in liquid state; and separating the gas hydrate from the light water.

Abstract: A novel one-pot solvothermal reaction based on urea hydrolysis to synthesize single crystals of the Zn(NH3)(CO3) inorganic helical framework and its applications in selective CO2 separation.

Abstract: A wastewater purification system is provided. The wastewater purification system comprises a chamber. One or more wastewater nozzles are positioned near the top of the chamber. An intake duct is further provided to supply chilled air into the chamber, and one or more exhaust ducts are provided to remove the chilled air from the chamber. One or more perforated receptacles positioned near the bottom of the chamber to collect solid byproducts, and a watertight receptacle at the bottom of the chamber to collect a liquid product. The wastewater enters the chamber as wastewater droplets via the one or more wastewater nozzles, wherein the wastewater undergoes freeze separation due to heat exchange with a high mass flow of the chilled air between the intake duct and the one or more exhaust ducts.

Abstract: A well treatment composition for use in a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir comprising a reversible aminal gel composition. The reversible aminal gel composition includes a liquid precursor composition. The liquid precursor composition is operable to remain in a liquid state at about room temperature. The liquid precursor composition comprises an organic amine composition; an aldehyde composition; a polar aprotic organic solvent; and a metal salt composition with valence 3, 4, or 5. The liquid precursor composition transitions from the liquid state to a gel state responsive to an increase in temperature in the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir.

Abstract: A method for treating water using a salt desorption process of gas hydrates according to the present invention includes: (a) introducing water containing impurities and a plurality of guest gases into a reactor; (b) forming gas hydrates by causing the water and the plurality of guest gases to react under a first condition; and (c) dissociating a gas hydrate of one guest gas from among the plurality of guest gases by changing the first condition to a second condition, wherein the first condition refers to temperature and pressure conditions under which all of the plurality of guest gases form gas hydrates and the second condition refers to temperature and pressure conditions under which the gas hydrate of the one guest gas from the mixed gas hydrates is dissociated.

Abstract: A method is provided for dissipating heat from a rack. The method includes: disposing a coolant-cooled heat exchanger within the rack, and providing a coolant control apparatus. The coolant control apparatus includes at least one coolant recirculation conduit coupled in fluid communication between a facility coolant supply and return, wherein the facility coolant supply and return facilitate providing facility coolant to the heat exchanger. The control apparatus further includes a coolant pump(s) associated with the recirculation conduit(s) and a controller which monitors a temperature of facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger, and redirects facility coolant, via the coolant recirculation conduit(s) and coolant pump(s), from the facility coolant return to the facility coolant supply to, at least in part, ensure that facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger remains above a dew point temperature.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus and method are provided. The cooling apparatus includes a coolant-cooled heat exchanger for facilitating dissipation of heat generated within an electronics rack, and a coolant control apparatus. The coolant control apparatus includes at least one coolant recirculation conduit coupled in fluid communication between a facility coolant supply and return, wherein the facility coolant supply and return facilitate providing facility coolant to the heat exchanger. The control apparatus further includes a coolant pump(s) associated with the recirculation conduit(s) and a controller which monitors a temperature of facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger, and redirects facility coolant, via the coolant recirculation conduit(s) and coolant pump(s), from the facility coolant return to the facility coolant supply to, at least in part, ensure that facility coolant supplied to the heat exchanger remains above a dew point temperature.

Abstract: A method of natural gas liquefaction may include cooling a gaseous NG process stream to form a liquid NG process stream. The method may further include directing the first tail gas stream out of a plant at a first pressure and directing a second tail gas stream out of the plant at a second pressure. An additional method of natural gas liquefaction may include separating CO2 from a liquid NG process stream and processing the CO2 to provide a CO2 product stream. Another method of natural gas liquefaction may include combining a marginal gaseous NG process stream with a secondary substantially pure NG stream to provide an improved gaseous NG process stream. Additionally, a NG liquefaction plant may include a first tail gas outlet, and at least a second tail gas outlet, the at least a second tail gas outlet separate from the first tail gas outlet.

Abstract: A turbine outlet frozen gas capture apparatus is provided and includes an enclosure divided into first and second chambers, the first chamber being receptive of turbine outlet exhaust including frozen gas, a wheel disposed and configured to be rotatable such that frozen gas received in the first chamber is captured and transported into the second chamber and a heater disposed within the second chamber and configured to vaporize the frozen gas transported therein to thereby produce vaporized gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the separation of a contaminant or mixture of contaminants from a CH4-comprising gaseous feed stream, comprising the subsequent steps of: a) passing a CH4-comprising gaseous feed stream comprising the contaminant or the mixture of contaminants into and through a cold porous body having a temperature below the sublimation temperature of the contaminant or the mixture of contaminants and contacting the CH4-comprising gaseous feed stream at elevated pressure with the surface of the cold porous body to obtain a porous body comprising solid contaminant or mixture of contaminants and a contaminant-depleted product gas; and b) reducing the pressure to obtain fluid contaminant or mixture of contaminants and a cold porous body. c) removing the fluid contaminant or mixture of contaminants, wherein the contaminant is selected from CO2, hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, siloxanes and carbonyl sulphide, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A microfluidic device is provided for inducing the separation of constituent elements from a microfluidic sample by introducing phase changes in the microfluidic sample while contained in a microfluidic channel in the device. At least a portion of the microfluidic sample is frozen to cause fractional exclusion of the constituent element from the frozen portion of the microfluidic sample. Different portions of the microfluidic sample may be frozen in different sectors and at different times in order to cause movement in a desired direction of the separated constituent element. Portions of the microfluidic sample may be frozen in a sequential order of adjacent sectors within the microfluidic channel in order to cause sequential movement of the excluded constituent element toward one portion of the microfluidic channel. The frozen portion of the microfluidic sample is then thawed, wherein the separated constituent element remains substantially separated from the thawed, purified microfluidic sample.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the separation of CO2 from a gaseous feed stream, comprising the subsequent steps of: a) cooling a porous body in the form of a fixed bed (101,102,103) to a temperature below the sublimation temperature of CO2 to obtain a cold body; b) contacting a gaseous feed stream (120) comprising CO2 and one or more other gaseous compounds with the surface of the cold body to obtain a body comprising solid CO2 and a CO2-depleted effluent gas (124); and c) removing the solid CO2 by exposing the porous body comprising solid CO2 to a fluid CO2 stream (130) having a temperature above the sublimation temperature of CO2 whereby fluid CO2 (136) and a warm porous body are obtained.

Abstract: Processes for isolating nanoparticles from an aqueous solution are disclosed. The processes can include, for example, providing an aqueous mixture having a plurality of nanoparticles and at least one thermal hysteresis molecule; adjusting the aqueous mixture to a temperature effective to form ice crystals within the aqueous mixture; and isolating the ice crystals from the aqueous mixture. Also disclosed are compositions and systems for isolating nanoparticles.

Abstract: The system includes a first heat exchanger in which the refrigerant is injected directly into the content of the first liquid circuit through at least one nozzle to simultaneously capture latent heat from the content as purified frozen liquid pieces are formed. It also includes a second heat exchanger in which the refrigerant transfers the latent heat captured from the content of the first liquid circuit to a content of the second liquid circuit, thereby raising the content of the second liquid circuit in temperature. The proposed concept provides designers with opportunities to create highly efficient systems and methods where the latent heat extracted for the purification is immediately employed to a useful purpose.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel method for removing tritium oxide contamination from a solution with water. The method captures the tritium oxide in a much smaller volume suitable for economical disposal. In so doing the original water is decontaminated of the tritium oxide and may be discharged.

Abstract: A method for producing cold heat for cooling a process is provided. Seawater is pumped at a selected depth and cooled to create a mixture of ice and brine. The ice is separated from the brine. Cold heat is obtained by thawing the ice. A process cooling system for producing cold heat is also provided. A pumping station comprises a line system to obtain seawater and direct the seawater to an onshore cooling plant. A refrigerant circulates in an evaporation stage in a refrigeration circuit. A heat exchanger in the evaporation stage freezes a portion of the seawater in the line system with the refrigerant. A cooling plant is connected to the line system to receive the frozen seawater. The cooling plant comprises a separation tank for separating the frozen portion of seawater from brine, and a heat exchanger to cool the process by heat exchange with the frozen seawater.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons from a storage vessel by utilizing two or more heat exchangers is disclosed. A stream of vapors from the vessel is directed first through a first heat exchanger and then through a second heat exchanger where a portion of the vapors is condensed. The pressure drop between either the inlet of the first heat exchanger or the inlet of the second heat exchanger and the outlet of the second heat exchanger is monitored to detect frozen condensate in the second heat exchanger. When the pressure drop increases to a level requiring remediation, the pressure drop is remediated by redirecting a relatively warm portion of the stream to a portion of the second heat exchanger containing the frozen condensate to melt the frozen condensate.

Abstract: Processes for isolating nanoparticles from an aqueous solution are disclosed. The processes can include, for example, providing an aqueous mixture having a plurality of nanoparticles and at least one thermal hysteresis molecule; adjusting the aqueous mixture to a temperature effective to form ice crystals within the aqueous mixture; and isolating the ice crystals from the aqueous mixture. Also disclosed are compositions and systems for isolating nanoparticles.

Abstract: A refrigeration system that includes at least one semi-closed air-refrigerated chamber and an air-cycle refrigeration loop for drawing air from the refrigerated chamber(s), cools the air, and returns the now-cooled air to the refrigerated chamber(s). The refrigeration loop includes various compression, expansion and heat transfer stages for cooling the air drawn from the refrigerated chamber(s). The air within the refrigerated chamber and air infiltrating into the refrigerated chamber(s) will typically contain moisture. A positive-pressure cyclone separator located between a final expansion stage and the refrigerated chamber(s) removes snow created in the final expansion stage due to moisture in the air drawn from the refrigerated chamber(s).

Abstract: Embodiments of a system for storing and providing electrical energy are disclosed. Also disclosed are embodiments of a system for purifying fluid, as well as embodiments of a system in which energy storage and fluid purification are combined. One disclosed embodiment of the system comprises a latent heat storage device, a sensible heat storage device, a vapor expander/compressor device mechanically coupled to a motor/generator device, a heat-exchanger, and a liquid pressurization and depressurization device. The devices are fluidly coupled in a closed-loop system, and a two-phase working fluid circulates therein. Embodiments of a method for operating the system to store and generate energy also are disclosed. Embodiments of a method for operating the system to purify fluid, as well as embodiments of a method for operating a combined energy storage and fluid purification system are disclosed.

Abstract: A device and method for concentrating contaminants in a solution comprising contaminated sorbate and clean sorbate wherein the contaminated sorbate freezes at a higher temperature than the clean sorbate. By maintaining the solution at a temperature between the freezing point of the contaminated sorbate and the freezing point of the clean sorbate, the clean sorbate may be evaporated off for processing through a sorbent/sorbate working pair adsorption/desorption cycle. Sensors in the adsorption chamber monitors for the presence of contaminated sorbate vapor. Sensors in the evaporator chamber monitor the temperature of the solution and partial pressure within the evaporator chamber.

Abstract: A system and method for separating at least a part of the solids from brine having an initial temperature T1, the system comprising a crystallizer comprising a crystallizer inlet for receiving therein said brine, a crystallizer first outlet for discharging vapor having a first pressure P1, evaporated from at least a part of said brine, and a crystallizer second outlet for discharging a slurry having a final temperature T2 lower than said initial temperature T1; a separator comprising a separator inlet for receiving therein said slurry, a separator first outlet for discharging therefrom said part of the solids separated from said slurry, and a separator second outlet for discharging therefrom a remaining liquid having a temperature substantially equal to T2; a compressor comprising a compressor inlet for receiving therein said vapor, and a compressor outlet for discharging therefrom a compressed vapor having a second pressure P2 higher than said pressure P1; and a condenser comprising a condenser first inlet f

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying an ionic liquid by means of fractional crystallization in which a part of the ionic liquid is crystallized and the crystals formed are separated off from the residual liquid. In this process a certain amount of at least one entrainer substance is added to the ionic liquid.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for purifying materials, including: a raw water storage unit storing and supplying raw water; an evaporation unit evaporating the raw water supplied from the raw water storage unit; a heat exchange unit connected between the raw water storage unit and the evaporation unit, and condensing vapor (a material evaporated from the raw water) generated at the evaporation unit; and a recovery tank recovering the material condensed at the heat exchange unit, wherein the raw water supplied through the raw water storage unit is sent to the evaporation unit via the heat exchange unit, and the vapor evaporated at the evaporation unit is introduced into the recovery tank, after it is cooled and condensed at the heat exchange unit. A method for purifying materials using the apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigeration system includes a cryogenic heat exchanger system adapted for vaporizing a liquid cryogen and using the gaseous cryogen to cool heat transfer fluid and a heat transfer cooling circuit that cools the lyophilization chamber as well as the condenser. The disclosed heat transfer cooling circuit includes a primary recirculation loop adapted for cooling the lyophilization chamber with the heat transfer fluid, a secondary recirculation loop adapted for cooling a condenser with the heat transfer fluid, and one or more valves operatively coupling the cryogenic heat exchanger system, the primary recirculation loop, and the secondary recirculation loop.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention disclose processes and systems for the off-line in-vitro purification of plasma harvested from a patient. In an embodiment of a process, in a first step cellular components are capable of being eliminated by membrane plasma separation at temperatures sufficiently high to avoid formation of a cryoaggregates, and in a second step the resulting plasma solution is cooled to a temperature that allows the formation of cryoaggragated molecules, but no formation of a cryogel.

Abstract: A syngas cooler that includes an outer wall defining a cavity. A first membrane water wall is positioned within the cavity. A thermal siphon is positioned between the first membrane water wall and the outer wall and is configured to channel a flow of syngas therethrough to facilitate cooling the channeled syngas.

Abstract: A heat transfer composition comprising trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), carbon dioxide (R-744) and a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), propylene, propane and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for decreasing or eliminating unwanted hydrocarbon and oxygenate products caused by FTS reactions in a syngas treatment unit by utilizing heat exchangers and optionally associated pipes that are substantially fabricated of a material selected from the group consisting of chromium containing alloys and carbon steel for heating up gas streams having a carbon monoxide partial pressure greater than one bar obtained from a front end purification unit/cold box unit.

Abstract: A gas separation or gas transportation process forms a gas hydrate from an aqueous feed and a gas feed having a hydrate P-T stability envelope. While in the presence of the aqueous feed, the gas feed is initially pressurized to an operating pressure and cooled to an operating temperature which are inside the hydrate P-T stability envelope to form a gas hydrate from at least a portion of the gas feed and at least a portion of the aqueous feed. The resulting gas hydrate is readily separable from any remaining gas and stable for transport.

Abstract: A metal capturing apparatus and an atomic layer deposition apparatus, which are capable of discharging an exhaust gas from a process chamber, in which a metal atomic layer is deposited on a substrate using a reaction gas containing a metal catalyst, without a scrubber, and easily reusing the metal catalyst contained in the exhaust gas. The metal capturing apparatus includes a capturing chamber having a capturing space, a capturing plate disposed at one side of the capturing chamber and partially inserted into the capturing chamber, a refrigerant source feeding a refrigerant cooling the capturing plate, and an attachment unit attaching the capturing plate to the capturing chamber. The atomic layer deposition apparatus includes a process chamber, a vacuum pump connected to an exhaust port of the process chamber, and a metal capturing apparatus disposed between the process chamber and the vacuum pump.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a method for purifying a foreign-substance-laden gas flow of the foreign substance, with the gas flow being conducted through a heat exchanger and being placed in thermal contact with a cooling medium in order to freeze and/or condense the foreign substance out, wherein the purification takes place in only one tube heat exchanger, through the interior space of which the gas flow is conducted from a first end region to a second end region, and here, is cooled by means of contact with a first group of tubes which are traversed by the coolant, and in that the gas flow, in the second end region, is directly deflected again and is conducted back through the interior space of the heat exchanger to the first end region through a second group of tubes while undergoing an exchange of heat with the gas flow flowing into the interior space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a universal system for producing cost effective energy particularly for cooling purposes. In one embodiment, wind turbines are used to generate electricity and compressed air energy, wherein the compressed air energy is used to co-generate electricity and chilled air. The chilled air is then used to chill water in either a mixing chamber, or a desalination system, wherein the chilled water is stored in a separation tank, wherein it can later be used to provide cooling for an air conditioning system for a facility. When desalination is used, the system produces chilled fresh drinking water which can be used for air conditioning, and then used as fresh drinking water. Any exhaust chilled air can be used directly for air conditioning.

Abstract: A dendritic ice crystallizer having a mercury wetted surface (14) from which heat is extracted while the mercury wetted surface is in contact with water at the freezing temperature. The mercury wetted surface can be protect from ionization or corrosion by a cathodic protection means (68). In addition, new or recycled mercury can be used to displace old mercury on the mercury wetted surface (56) in situ by inclining the mercury wetted surface from the horizontal and depositing mercury from a mercury nozzle (60) to the high end of the mercury wetted surface and collecting displaced mercury with a mercury collector (62) at the low end of the mercury wetted surface.

Abstract: Methods of separating volatile organic and/or gaseous inorganic components from a gas mixture, comprising subjecting the gas mixture to a cryocondensation process and an adsorption process to separate the volatile organic and/or gaseous inorganic components. The adsorption process utilizes at least two parallel adsorbers running alternately through adsorption and desorption phases. A regeneration gas used for the desorption phase is added to the gas mixture prior to the cryocondensation process. Temperature of the condensation process may be varied.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the treatment of an aqueous solution comprising sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate and sodium molybdate, said process comprising freeze crystallising the solution at the eutectic freezing point thereof and recovering substantially pure ice crystals, substantially pure sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous product solution containing dissolved sodium molybdate.

Abstract: A method of removing siloxanes from a gas that contains siloxanes and water, the method comprising: (a) expanding the gas to cool the gas and freeze at least some of the water in the gas; and (b) removing the siloxanes and frozen water from the expanded and cooled gas. The method may also include compressing the gas prior to expanding it. The step of expanding the gas may include expanding it through a turbine. The method may also include using an energy input mechanism to drive one or both of the compressor or turbine. The ice and siloxanes may be removed from the gas with a cyclonic separator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of recycling LiCl salt wastes comprising radionuclides and an apparatus using the same. The method includes a) solidifying a LiCl salt contained in the LiCl salt wastes and contacting the outer wall of a housing, by charging a crystallizer comprising the housing having an internal accommodating space and an air cooler in the internal accommodating space into a crystallizing furnace accommodating the LiCl salt wastes comprising the radionuclides, and by cooling the housing to a temperature of two-phase region where the liquid state and the solid state of the LiCl salt waste coexist, b) separating the crystallizer where the LiCl salt is solidified from the crystallizing furnace, c) recycling the LiCl salt by heating the separated crystallizer to melt the solidified LiCl salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for capture of CO2 from a gas stream by anti-sublimation, comprising the steps of evacuation of liquefied CO2 from a frosting vessel 1; evacuation of residual gases containing CO2 from the frosting vessel 1; and refrigeration of evacuated residual gases to a temperature at which liquid CO2 is formed.

Abstract: An apparatus to purify a melt is disclosed. A first portion of a melt in a chamber is frozen in a first direction. A fraction of the first portion is melted in the first direction. A second portion of the melt remains frozen. The melt flows from the chamber and the second portion is removed from the chamber. The freezing concentrates solutes in the melt and second portion. The second portion may be a slug with a high solute concentration. This system may be incorporated into a sheet forming apparatus with other components such as, for example, pumps, filters, or particle traps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for recovering and separating anesthetic gas components from waste anesthetic gases to be purged from a healthcare facility. Prior to a condensation step, a compressor is used to increase the waste anesthetic gas pressure in order to facilitate condensation of anesthetic gas components at higher temperatures and in greater amounts than through condensation at lower pressures. Condensing the anesthetic gas components from the compressed waste anesthetic gas stream is then achieved using conventional condensation systems, which remove anesthetic gases as either liquid condensates or solid frosts. A preferred embodiment of the invention may be used with existing high-flow scavenging or reclamation systems but is more preferably used with low-flow scavenging or reclamation systems, which employ intelligent waste anesthetic gas collection units to minimize the ingress of atmospheric gas when no waste anesthetic gas is to be purged from the healthcare facility.

Abstract: The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature.

Abstract: A process is described for removing contaminants from a natural gas feed stream including water. The process includes the steps of cooling the natural gas feed stream in a first vessel to a first operating temperature at which hydrates are formed, heating the hydrates to a temperature that is above the first operating temperature by introducing a warm liquid to the first vessel so as to melt the hydrates and liberate a dehydrated gas and a water-containing liquid, and removing from the first vessel a stream of dehydrated gas.

Abstract: A method for removal of CO2 from a gas stream by anti-sublimation, comprising the steps of: a) introducing a gas stream containing CO2 into a frosting vessel; b) reducing the temperature of at least a portion of the gas stream in said frosting vessel to a temperature at which solid CO2 is deposited by anti-sublimation; c) discharging the gas stream depleted of CO2 from the frosting vessel; and d) recovering the deposited solid CO2; wherein the pressure of the gas stream in step b) is higher than atmospheric pressure. An anti-sublimation system for removal of CO2 from a gas stream, comprising: a frosting vessel configured to receive the gas stream, said frosting vessel comprising a low temperature refrigeration device configured for reducing the temperature of at least a portion of a gas stream in said frosting vessel to a temperature at which solid CO2 is deposited by anti-sublimation; and a compressor configured to increase the gas pressure of the gas stream which is fed to the frosting vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a chamber, wherein a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The droplets then settle at the bottom of the chamber, wherein they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature, to form an ice/brine slush mixture. A slush removal mechanism with a screw-like helical blade is provided to continuously remove the ice particles from the chamber.