Abstract: A micro cooling engine array system is fabricated by micro electro mechanical system technology for cooling heat sources. The micro cooling engine array system includes a matrix, which is laminated by several layers of metal or polymer. A plurality of cooling engines are arrayed in the matrix for pumping heat out of heat sources. Each cooling engine of the array system has an expansion space, regenerator, and compression space. Pairs of plane coil and magnetic region actuate two flexible diaphragms to expand the expansion space and compress the compression space. The heat of heat sources can thus be pumped out by the array system repeatedly changing the volumes of the expansion and compression spaces.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus driven by a Stirling cooler and having reduced internal vibrations. The apparatus may include an insulated enclosure. The enclosure may define an opening from the inside to the outside. A heat-conducting member may be disposed within the enclosure and in alignment with the opening. The apparatus may further include a Stirling cooler. The Stirling cooler may be selectively connectable to the heat-conducting member. A cushioning member may be disposed between the heat-conducting member and the enclosure, such that vibrations from the Stirling cooler to the enclosure are reduced.

Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system wherein some or all of the refrigeration necessary to drive the rectification is generated by providing a pulse to a gas and then passing the compressed gas to a pulse tube wherein the gas expands in a wave generating refrigeration at one end of the pulse tube for transfer into the rectification system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel apparatus for use as a beverage container glass door merchandiser. The apparatus includes an insulated enclosure, the enclosure having an outside and an inside and at least partially defining a drain from the inside to the outside. A Stirling cooler has a hot portion and a cold portion. A heat-conducting member is disposed inside the enclosure and is connected in heat exchange relationship to the cold portion of the Stirling cooler. The heat-conducting member is also operatively associated with the drain such that condensation on the heat-conducting member can flow out of the enclosure through the drain. A method of cooling an insulated enclosure is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multistage low-temperature refrigeration machine with a first stage in the form of a displacer refrigerator (1) as well as at least one further stage in the form of a pulse tube refrigerator (25); in order to suppress vibrations it is proposed that a flexible component (45) designed to prevent the spread of vibrations be placed between the displacer refrigerator (1) and the pulse tube refrigerator (25).

Abstract: A GM type displacer has an elastomer “O” ring at the warm end to absorb impact energy when the displacer reaches the bottom of the stroke before it would hit the cylinder end cap. When the displacer reaches the top of its stroke, before the displacer would hit the internal mechanism of the expander, another elastomer “O” ring absorbs the kinetic energy of the displacer. Both absorbers are at or near ambient temperature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regulating, for example, the temperature of high temperature superconducting (HTSC) thin film filters. A multi-stage temperature controller comprises a first loop and a second loop. The first loop is used to regulate the cold finger temperature of, for example, a Stirling cycle cryocooler, and the second loop is used to set a reference for the first loop based upon a comparison between a reference signal and a signal received from a cold stage temperature sensor. A filter loop also may be used to regulate the temperature of independent HTSC thin film filter carrier packages.

Abstract: A two-stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises a pressure wave generator-compressor, first stage and second stage regenerators, first stage and second stage pulse tubes, heat exchangers and a hybrid phase shift mechanism for the first and second stage pulse tubes. The second stage phase shift mechanism includes double fixed orifices while the first stage shifter is an arrangement including one of a) 4 valves, b) 5 valves c) 2 active buffers or d) 3 active buffers. The double fixed orifice phase shifter is located either at room temperature or is thermally connected with the first stage cold end. Two-stage pulse tube refrigerators with a hybrid phase shifter have increased second stage regenerator performance at lower temperature. Pressure drop through the valves and compressor power consumption are decreased, and losses from phase interaction between each stage are eliminated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a secondary refrigerant to precool and liquefy a primary refrigerant, then vaporizing and expanding the primary refrigerant to cool a cold tip of a cryosurgical instrument for ablation of biological tissue, such as cardiovascular tissue, in particular endocardiac tissue and tissue inside a cardiac blood vessel. The secondary refrigerant has a critical temperature above the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, and a cooling temperature below the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, thereby facilitating the use of the precooling step to provide liquid primary refrigerant in an operating room environment in which the primary refrigerant could not otherwise be provided in the liquid phase.

Abstract: An acoustic refrigeration apparatus includes an acoustic wave generation device arranged directed to the channel of a hollow annular tube, and a regenerator provided at a predetermined position in the channel of the annular tube. A temperature gradient is obtained across the regenerator by an acoustic wave emitted from the acoustic wave generation device. Therefore, an acoustic refrigeration apparatus realizing a gas cycle approximating the Carnot cycle which is an ideal gas cycle, and realizing simplification of the structure and high efficiency of the apparatus is provided.

Abstract: A high efficiency fuzzy logic based Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler has increased efficiency by driving the system in the demand mode (near the desired set point cooling temperature) by a more efficient sinusoidal waveform. The compressor pistons of the Stirling compressor are driven by a voice coil actuator between compressing the coolant gas and then releasing and being driven against an opposing return spring. Since a square wave provides faster cool-down, this is utilized during that mode. In addition, to utilize the rebound effect of both the ambient gas pressure and the return springs, the voice coil actuator drive is turned off during one-quarter cycle rebound portions of the cooling cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detector device with a cooling system having first cooling means (20,30) for providing a first cooling temperature, said first cooling means comprising a two-stage pulse tube cooler system, in which a first pulse tube cooler (20) pre-cools a second pulse tube cooler (30), and second cooling means (82,83,85,86,87) for providing a second cooling temperature, which is lower than the first cooling temperature, said second cooling means being pre-cooled by said first cooling means. Furthermore, the detector device comprises detector means (60) for detecting particles, radiation or fields with a sensor based on a low temperature effect, said detector means being thermally coupled to said second cooling means. Thus, a detector device is provided with a comparably simply structured cooling system whereby sensors can be operated which have a good energy resolution and which can be quasi anywhere on account of the low complexity of the cooling system. (FIG.

Abstract: A method for forming a mating piston and cylinder sleeve wherein the piston includes an outer diameter and a cylinder sleeve includes a bore for receiving the piston therein and wherein the piston outer diameter and the bore each form bearing surfaces having a gas film maintained in a gap therebetween. The method includes the steps of coating the piston outer diameter with a layer of PTFE based composite material and then diamond turning the piston outer diameter to a final piston diameter. The cylinder wall is also coated with a PTFE based composite layer which may be deposited by an electroless nickel plating process. The cylinder longitudinal bore is then diamond turned to a cylinder final diameter for mating with the piston final diameter.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator includes a shell having a reciprocative displacer and an adsorbent mounted within the shell. In one embodiment, the displacer contains both a regenerative media and the adsorbent, with the regenerative media placed between the adsorbent and a cold end of the displacer. In a method for removing contaminants from the reciprocative displacer, compressed and expanded helium gas is displaced through the displacer, with the adsorbent positioned to adsorb contaminant gases entrained in the helium gas. In another method, a filtering refrigerator containing an adsorbent is coupled to a helium circuit of a refrigeration system to remove contaminants from the circuit.

Abstract: A compressor integrated pulse tube refrigerator of an oil free type is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a driving unit including a sealed casing having a cylinder disposed at an upper center portion of the same and a working gas filled therein, a linear motor installed in the interior of the sealed casing for generating a driving force, a driving shaft which is engaged to a rotor of the linear motor and linearly reciprocates, a piston connected with the driving shaft and inserted in the cylinder and reciprocating together with the driving shaft for thereby pumping a working gas, and a plurality of elastic guide support members provided in the interior of the sealed casing; and a refrigerating unit, for thereby implementing a stable reciprocating movement between a cylinder and a piston in a state that an outer surface of the piston does not contact with an inner surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A refrigerator including a freezer compartment is provided with a Stirling cycle refrigeration system including a displacer located within the freezer compartment and an external compressor which is fluidly coupled to the displacer. An electronic controller is provided to adjust a time phase relationship between the compressor and the displacer to establish a first phase condition for cooling of the freezer compartment and a second phase condition for establishing a defrost cycle for the refrigerator. The electronic controller is responsive to operator control inputs and sensor inputs. The phase relationship between the compressor and displacer is changed by substantially 180° from the first phase condition to the second phase condition.

Abstract: A system for effectively generating refrigeration for use in putting a product fluid into an ultra cold condition wherein an active magnetic regenerator or a multicomponent refrigerant fluid cycle is integrated with a pulse tube system for receiving heat generated by the pulse tube system.

Abstract: A compact, modular, cryocooler is provided for use in relatively small-scale applications, i.e., applications requiring less than approximately 10 Watts of cooling capacity at about 10 degrees K or less. The cryocooler 10 utilizes a recuperative heat exchanger integrally combined with a floating piston expander having a piston adapted for periodic movement within an expansion cylinder. The piston is actuatable without an external drive mechanism, but rather by selective operation of processor controlled “smart”, variable current pulse valves which serve to alternately couple working fluid and ballast fluid to opposite ends of the cylinder. The valves are actuated in response to output signals generated by a non-invasive inductive sensor, which detects the position of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: Cryostat systems comprise first and second liquid interconnected helium baths, and a magnet structure which is immersed in one of the baths. The liquid helium is cooled by means of a pumped refrigeration means. The pumped refrigeration means is replaced with a pulse tube refrigerator which can be located directly within the two baths. The pulse tube refrigerator has a “cold finger” having cold and warm ends. The cold end extracts into the bath housing the coil structure and has heat exchange connected thereto. The pulse tube refrigerator can also serve to cool the radiation shields.

Abstract: A heat regenerating material for very low temperature use consisting of a magnetic heat regenerating material particle aggregate, wherein, among magnetic heat regenerating material particles constituting the magnetic heat regenerating material particle aggregate, a ratio of the particles being destroyed when a simple harmonic oscillation of the maximum acceleration of 300 m/s2 is added 1×106 times on the magnetic heat regenerating material particle aggregate is 1% by weight or less. Such a heat regenerating material for very low temperature use has an excellent mechanical characteristics against mechanical vibration and acceleration. A refrigerator comprises a heat regenerator constituted by packing the above described heat regenerating material for very low temperature use into a heat regenerator container. Such a refrigerator can exhibit an excellent refrigeration performance over a long term.

Abstract: A higher temperature end of a pulse tube is connected to a lower side of a supporting member so as to position at a lower temperature end of the pulse tube at a lower position. Such a structure prevents free convection of a working gas in the pulse tube, which is a cause of reduced refrigerating efficiency. If a cold head is desired to be contacted with a member to be cooled down from its (lower) side, such a need can be satisfied by mounting the cold head on the lower temperature end of the pulse tube (a lower temperature end of a regenerator).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling system for cryostats or transport containers for liquids incorporating a PTR cooler. The cryostat usually consists of several interior cylindrical or otherwise shaped vessels for storing liquids. In particular, the cryostat for NMR applications and related fields usually comprises an outer vacuum case, sometimes also a nitrogen can, as well as one or several radiation shields and the helium vessel housing the superconducting magnet whereas the latter usually is made of NbTi, Nb3Sn, and/or some HTC conductor. It is the aim of the present invention to use a pulse tube cooler by incorporation into an NMR cryostat via an opening, an opening refers to the neck tube itself or to any other means for accessing the cryostat for filling or for energising the magnet or acting conjointly as a pressure relief tube or/and as a drainage outlet e.g.

Abstract: A hybrid two stage expander having a first stage Stirling expander coupled to a second stage pulse tube expander. Both stages are pneumatically driven by a common reciprocating compressor in a typical application. The first stage Stirling expander provides high thermodynamic efficiency which removes a majority of the heat load from gas within the cryocooler. The second stage pulse tube expander provides additional refrigeration capacity and improved power efficiency with little additional manufacturing complexity since it has no moving parts.

Abstract: Thermal link device for use between an end surface of a cold finger of a cryogenic machine, at cryogenic temperature when in use, and a load, comprising:a plate confronting said end surface, for connection with the load, mechanically separate from the end surface and defining a condensation and vaporization gap with said end surface,a capillary pumping element in said gap,a flexible wall defining an enclosure accommodating said gap and surrounding at least said end surface and a portion of a cold finger which is close to said end surface, andgas means in said enclosure, said gas means including at least one gas having a condensation temperature selected responsive to a cryogenic temperature to be given to the load.

Abstract: A fin structure for cooling cold-heat refrigerant and another fin structure (slender grooves or the like) constituting a working gas flow passage are formed on the outer and inner surfaces of the heat exchange housing constituting a low-temperature heat exchanger by a lost was casting method so that these fin structures are formed integrally with the heat exchange housing. In addition, a fin structure and another fin structure constituting a working gas flow passage are integrally formed on the outer and inner surfaces of a high-temperature side heat exchanger (heat rejector). Accordingly, the heat exchangers of a Stirling machine can be manufactured in a simple structure by the lost wax casting method, whereby the workability can be enhanced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the precision for the workability can be enhanced, and the heat exchange efficiency and the reliability can be enhanced.

Abstract: An automatic ice maker for saving an ice making time. The automatic ice maker has a U-shaped resonator filled up with an inertia gas, a pair of ice trays attached to both ends of the U-shaped resonator in a reverse direction to each other, a pair of speakers attached to both ends of the U-shaped resonator for compressing and expanding parcels of the inertia gas by applying an acoustic pressure to the U-shaped resonator thereby varying a temperature distribution in the U-shaped resonator, a pair of heat exchangers for transferring an inner temperature of the U-shaped resonator to the ice trays, a reversible motor for driving the U-shaped resonator in a forward or a reverse direction at an angle of 180 degrees, and an electric control unit for sequentially operating the speakers and the reversible motor. The automatic ice maker can be adopted to a refrigerator or other refrigeration system. By the automatic ice maker, the ice making time can be saved and the productivity in making the ice increases.

Abstract: A cryocooler having an improved linear motor assembly. The cryocooler comprises a displacer unit, heat exchanger unit and compressor and linear motor assembly. The compressor and linear motor assembly includes a linear motor having both a stationary internal return iron element and a moving internal return iron element, thus enabling the motor to operate at a predetermined resonant frequency. In a preferred form, the compressor and linear motor assembly comprise a unitary structure.

Abstract: The linear compressor for compressing and expanding working fluid contained in a regenerative refrigerator is composed of a compressor casing in which a pair of pistons are disposed and a plurality of electromagnets for driving the pair of pistons. A pair of rods for driving the pair of pistons are also disposed in the compressor casing, and permanent magnets are mounted on the driving rods. The plurality of electromagnets are disposed outside of the compressor casing along the axis of the driving rods so that the electromagnets face the permanent magnets. The pair of driving rods are driven by magnetic force between the permanent magnets and the electromagnets which are excited by alternating current. The linear compressor can be made small in size and heat generated in the electromagnets can be easily dissipated, because the electromagnets are disposed outside of the compressor casing.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a gas casing formed with a gas chamber filled with a refrigerant gas, and a heat exchanging unit received in the gas chamber of the gas casing. The heat exchanging unit has a plurality of regenerative plates each made of a material having a thermal conductivity and a heat capacity. The regenerative plates are positioned in face-to-face and thermally insulated relationships to one another with the surfaces being in substantially perpendicular to the center axis of the heat exchanging unit to define spaces each between the neighboring two regenerative plates. Each of the regenerative plates may be shaped in the symmetrical outline form with respect to its central point and smaller in size than the cross-sections of the gas chamber of the gas casing. Each of the regenerative plates has a plurality of airy holes formed therein.

Abstract: A system and method of active vibration control of an electro-mechanically cooled device is disclosed. A cryogenic cooling system is located within an environment. The cooling system is characterized by a vibration transfer function, which requires vibration transfer function coefficients. A vibration controller generates the vibration transfer function coefficients in response to various triggering events. The environments may differ by mounting apparatus, by proximity to vibration generating devices, or by temperature. The triggering event may be powering on the cooling system, reaching an operating temperature, or a reset action. A counterbalance responds to a drive signal generated by the vibration controller, based on the vibration signal and the vibration transfer function, which adjusts vibrations.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering current to a cooled electrical device. The apparatus includes at least one electrical line having a first end at a first temperature and a second end at a second temperature being lower than the first temperature. The second end is provided for connection to the cooled electrical device to deliver current to the cooled electrical device. The cooled electrical device is preferable a superconducting device. At least a portion of the electrical line includes a part of a cold head. The part of the cold head is preferably a regenerator or a pulse tube of a pulse tube cooler.

Abstract: An improved HTSC filter system design. An improved HTSC filter system comprises a cryocooler and dewar assembly, a heat dissipation assembly and at least one heat pipe providing a thermal coupling between said heat dissipation assembly and said cryocooler and dewar assembly. In a preferred embodiment, the cryocooler and dewar assembly is environmentally sealed within a double-walled aluminum canister, and the heat pipes are formed from stainless steel tubes having a predetermined amount of ammonia provided therein.

Abstract: Fluidic devices, including blind vortex tubes, constant-rotation double diodes and constant-rotation double vortex tubes, are disclosed with which to construct pulse tube refrigerators, including ones having diode loops, constant-rotation double diodes, constant-rotation double vortex tubes, and asymmetrical diode stacks. Present orifice pulse tube refrigerators use an orifice connected at the warm end of the pulse tube to a reservoir. The orifice and reservoir serve to control flows at the warm end of the pulse tube so that they are not in phase with flows at the cold end. Present heat exchangers at the warm end suffer inefficiencies due to heat-regenerative effects caused by return flows through the orifice. The fluidic devices disclosed herein create dynamic replacement orifices for pulse tube refrigerators that also serve as efficient heat exchangers and supercoolers with minimal regenerative characteristics.

Abstract: A non-reciprocating Stirling-cycle machine which overcomes problems associated with high drive mechanism forces and vibration that seriously hamper reciprocating Stirling-cycle machines. The design employs Wankel rotors instead of the reciprocating pistons used in prior Stirling machines for effecting the compression and expansion cycles. Key innovations are the use of thermodynamic symmetry to allow coupling of the rotating compression and expansion spaces through simple stationary regenerators, and the coordination of thermodynamic and inertial phasing to allow complete balancing with one simple passive counterweight, which is not possible in reciprocating machines. The design can be scaled over a wide range of temperatures and capacities for use as a cryogenic or utilitarian refrigerator or to function as an external heat powered engine.

Abstract: Systems and methods for regulating, for example, the temperature of high temperature superconducting (HTSC) thin film filters. A multi-stage temperature controller comprises a first loop and a second loop. The first loop is used to regulate the cold finger temperature of, for example, a Stirling cycle cryocooler, and the second loop is used to set a reference for the first loop based upon a comparison between a reference signal and a signal received from a cold stage temperature sensor. A filter loop also may be used to regulate the temperature of independent HTSC thin film filter carrier packages.

Abstract: A pulse tube refrigerator includes a regenerator including a cold end and a hot end, a cold head connected to the cold end of the regenerator, a pulse tube having a cold end and a hot end and connected at its cold end to the cold head, a pressure fluctuation source connected to the hot end of the regenerator, a buffer connected to the hot end of the pulse tube through an orifice, and an auxiliary buffer connected to the hot end of the pulse tube through a buffer side control valve. The buffer and the auxiliary buffer may be replaced by a single buffer connected to the hot end of the pulse tube through an orifice and a buffer side control valve which are arranged in parallel.

Abstract: This invention provides a gaseous wave refrigeration device (GWRD) primarily comprising an adjustable nozzle, an adjustable oscillating chamber, a bundle of resonant tubes, a flow regulator, wave impedors, and a chiller to monitor the gaseous wave behavior in GWRD and to produce the refrigeration effectively in the condition of varying flow state through GWRD. This characteristic is achieved by means of controlling resonant periodic flow phenomenon of gaseous column and wave interactions through the adjustment of said adjustable nozzle and adjustable oscillating chamber under varying conditions of flow states in pressurized supplying gas streams to retain the optimal performance of GWRD. With this characteristic, the GWRD in the present invention can be applied in practices to fit the controlling requirements on fluctuations of system operations in industries.

Abstract: A pulse tube refrigerating system has a refrigeration generation unit including a cold head with two ends. A pulse tube has its low temperature end connected to one end of the cold head and a regenerator has its low temperature end connected to the other end of the cold head. A pressure vibration source is connected to a high temperature end of the regenerator and serves to vibrate a working gas in the refrigeration generation unit by expanding and compressing the working gas. A flow control device is connected to a high temperature end of the pulse tube and establishes a phase difference between vibration and displacement of the working gas. The flow control device includes a buffer tank, a conduit interposed between the buffer tank and the high temperature end of the pulse tube, a restrictive member placed at one of the high temperature end and the low temperature end of the pulse tube, and a flow adjusting member interposed between the restrictive member and the pulse tube.

Abstract: A linear compressor is provided which may be employed in refrigerators or air conditioners. The linear compressor includes a compressor mechanism disposed within a hermetic casing. The compressor mechanism includes a linear motor which makes a piston reciprocate within a cylinder and a piston oscillation controller. The piston oscillation controller controls oscillations of the piston so as to bring an actual top dead center position of the piston into agreement with a reference top dead center position and alters the reference top dead center position based on a given parameter such as an ambient temperature or a required thermal load of, for example, a refrigerator. An improved structure of the linear motor is also provided.

Abstract: A standing wave pump in which a standing compression wave is produced by a pair of diametrically opposing transducers. The vibrating surfaces of the transducers are oscillated at a frequency sufficient to generate a substantially cylindrical compression wave having substantially planar wave fronts between the transducer pair. The length of pump housing is made to be equal to an integer times half the wavelength of the compression wave and the pump housing acts as a resonant cavity having a standing wave pattern set up in it. Waves are simultaneously produced and reflected by the oscillating surface and are superimposed upon one another and travel to the opposing oscillating surface where this process is repeated, substantially multiplying the intensity of the standing compression wave, which provides a stored-energy effect.

Abstract: A linear compressor having improved heat-radiating performance incorporates first and second cylinders disposed coaxially, a first piston reciprocatably disposed inside the first cylinder, a second piston reciprocatably disposed inside the second cylinder, a compression chamber formed by the front face of the first piston and the front face of the second piston and a connecting wall connecting the first and second cylinders, and multiple working gas passages having openings formed in the connecting wall and connecting the compression chamber to the outside via these openings. The working gas passages are formed on a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first and second cylinder. Heat-radiating means are provided around the working gas passages. The first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of aluminum (or an aluminum alloy).

Abstract: An improved integral cryogenic refrigerator, or cryocooler, for cooling an electronic device to cryogenic temperature includes a regenerator sleeve having a cylindrical base portion and an integrally formed cold well tube. The cold well tube includes a thin outer wall and a longitudinal bore passing therethrough for providing an expansion cylinder for receiving a pressurized refrigeration gas therein. An outer surface of the thin outer wall of the cold well tube has an outer diameter substantially centered with respect to the longitudinal bore thereby providing a circular cross-section to the thin outer wall. At least one facet is formed onto the outer diameter by removing material from the outer diameter to reduce the thickness of the thin outer wall in the region of the facet thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of the outer wall.

Abstract: A cryogenic cooler and a dewar assembly including a cooled surface; a cooling surface for removing thermal energy from said cooled surface; and an adapter disposed between said cooling surface and the cooled surface for conducting thermal energy therebetween. A first fluid is disposed between the cooled surface and the adapter for conducting thermal energy from the cooled surface to the adapter. A second fluid is disposed between the cooling surface and the adapter for conducting thermal energy from the adapter to the cooling surface whereby the cooling surface remains free to move axially relative to the adapter at a temperature of the cooling surface at which the first fluid is susceptible to freezing. This allows for movement of the cold finger relative to the dewar and adapter, due to differential thermal coefficients of expansion or support structure motion, without adversely affecting the communication of thermal energy from the load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-temperature refrigerator (1) for producing temperatures in a defined low-temperature range, with a cold head (3) which is fitted with a regenerator (6).sup.6) and in which a thermodynamic circulation process (regenerative cold generation process) is carried out to generate cold. To reduce the technical complexity of the cold generation process, it is proposed that the cold head (3) should be a single-stage unit and the physical characteristics of the regenerator (6).sup.7) in the cold machine (1) should be so selected as to ensure that the cold head (3).sup.8) has an optimal cold output in the desired temperature range. (drawing FIG. 2).sup.6) Translator's note: The German text states "7" here whereas "6" would be more in line with the remaining text and the drawing figures. Therefore "6" has been assumed for the translation..sup.7) Translator's note: The German text states "7" here whereas "6" would be more in line with the remaining text and the drawing figures.

Abstract: An apparatus for acoustically cooling automotive electronics in which an acoustic driver and acoustic reflector are disposed within a hollow member, such as a cross-car-beam of a vehicle. The frequency of the acoustic driver and the distance between the acoustic driver and the acoustic reflector are selected to generate a standing acoustic wave within the hollow member.

Abstract: A cold heat accumulating material for extremely low temperatures which comprises cold heat accumulating granular bodies in which a rate of particles, which are destroyed when a compressive force of 5 MPa is applied thereto by a mechanical strength evaluation die, out of the magnetic cold heat accumulating particles constituting the magnetic cold heat accumulating granular bodies is not than 1 wt. %. In this magnetic cold heat accumulating granular bodies, a rate of magnetic cold heat accumulating particles having more than 1.5 form factor R expressed by L2/4.pi.A, wherein L represents a circumferential length of a projected image of each magnetic cold heat accumulating particle, and A a real of the projected image, is not more than 5%. Such a cold heat accumulating material for extremely low temperatures is capable of providing excellent mechanical properties with respect to mechanical vibration with a high reproducibility.

Abstract: In a gas pressure-driven type cryogenic refrigerating machine, an inner space of a cylinder 2 is divided into a lower pressure room 20, an upper pressure room 29 and expansion rooms 30, 31 by a slack piston 17 and a displacer 22 connected to the slack piston, a rotary valve 35 alternately changes between a high-pressure valve-open position for supplying high-pressure helium gas to the upper pressure room 29 and the expansion rooms 30, 31 and a low-pressure valve-open position for discharging the helium gas in the upper pressure room 29 and the expansion rooms 30, 31, and a difference in gas pressures between the upper and lower pressure rooms 29, 30 causes the slack piston 17 to be driven to reciprocate the displacer 22 thereby producing a cold condition at an extremely low temperature level.

Abstract: A traveling-wave device is provided with the conventional moving pistons eliminated. Acoustic energy circulates in a direction through a fluid within a torus. A side branch may be connected to the torus for transferring acoustic energy into or out of the torus. A regenerator is located in the torus with a first heat exchanger located on a first side of the regenerator downstream of the regenerator relative to the direction of the circulating acoustic energy; and a second heat exchanger located on an upstream side of the regenerator. The improvement is a mass flux suppressor located in the torus to minimize time-averaged mass flux of the fluid. In one embodiment, the device further includes a thermal buffer column in the torus to thermally isolate the heat exchanger that is at the operating temperature of the device.

Abstract: A cold accumulator filled with a cold accumulating material including 20 to 95 at % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), magnetic body dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er) and thulium (Tm), and 5 to 80 at % of an additive containing at least silver (Ag), thereby improving the specific heat at 10 to 30 K. The cold accumulating material can increase the efficiency of heat accumulating at 10 to 30 K, and the cold accumulator can be applied to refrigerators which generate refrigeration at cold low temperatures of 10 to 30 K.

Abstract: This invention is a support spring made of a material, such as aluminum, that is damped by friction forces to directly support a sapphire dielectric resonator operating from a cold finger at cryogenic temperatures in a spring-mounted enclosure to reduce a phase-noise vibration sensitivity of the sapphire dielectric resonator. The support spring provides vibration isolation in al three directions, along with good thermal conductivity to aid in resonator cool-down. A damper clamp and damper clips provide the friction forces necessary for damping which prevents large vibration transmission peaks in a hostile, low-temperature, high-vacuum environment.