Abstract: The copolymers include a hydrophobic monomer and an acryloyl or methacryloyl ester of a propylene glycol monomethyl ether, also referred to as 1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl acrylate (“MMOEA”). The combination of the hydrophobic monomer and the MMOEA monomer advantageously provides desired mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and drug permeability in the copolymers. The copolymers can advantageously be used on medical devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches methods of controlling the release rate of agents from a polymeric matrix that include designing and creating a predetermined initial morphology (IM) profile in a polymeric matrix. The teachings indicate, inter alia, that control over the release rate of agents can provide for an improved control over the administration of agents as well as have an effect upon the mechanical integrity and absorption rate of the polymeric matrix.

Abstract: An open stent (a stent having open space through its thickness at locations between the ends of the stent), incorporating flexible, preferably polymeric, connecting elements into the stent wherein these elements connect adjacent, spaced-apart stent elements. Preferably the spaced-apart adjacent stent elements are the result of forming the stent from a helically wound serpentine wire having space provided between adjacent windings. Other stent forms such as multiple, individual spaced-apart ring-shaped or interconnected stent elements may also be used. The connecting elements are preferably longitudinally oriented.

Abstract: A method and instruments used to performing an end-to-end anastomosis between two portions of intestinal tissue is disclosed. The method involves drawing a first portion of intestinal tissue over a portion of a bioabsorbable stent. The end of the first portion of intestinal tissue is everted on the stent to create a collar of exposed inner intestinal tissue. A second portion of intestinal tissue is drawn over the stent and over the exposed intestinal tissue. A bandage containing one adhesive compound selected from the group of an adhesive and an adhesive initiator is wrapped about the juncture. The other adhesive compound is applied to saturate the bandage and the combination of an adhesive and an adhesive initiator sets the adhesive to adhere the first portion and the second portion of adhesive to the bandage.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for coating surfaces of medical devices by electroless plating are disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention includes a coating method in which a therapeutic agent and a plating material are plated onto the surface of the medical device by an electroless plating chemical reaction. In another embodiment, a coating method is disclosed in which the coating is formed by suspending a therapeutic agent in a soluble plating solution and plating a plating material onto the medical device by electroless plating wherein the plated material contains the suspended therapeutic agent. In another embodiment, a coating method is provided wherein the coating is formed by initially bonding a therapeutic agent to a plating material, and then plating the bonded therapeutic agent/plating material onto the medical device by electroless plating. In another embodiment, an additive is introduced to the soluble plating solution to regulate the chemical reaction of electroless plating.

Abstract: A conduit is provided to provide a bypass around a blockage in the coronary artery. The conduit is adapted to be positioned in the myocardium or heart wall to provide a passage for blood to flow between a chamber of the heart such as the left ventricle and the coronary artery, distal to the blockage. The stent is self-expanding or uses a balloon to expand the stent in the heart wall. Various attachment means are provided to anchor the stent and prevent its migration.

Abstract: Medical devices for implantation in a body vessel are provided. A medical device can include a support member enclosing an antimicrobial coating defining a drainage lumen extending through the support member. The antimicrobial coating preferably includes a metal alloy comprising beryllium, nickel, copper, cobalt and/or silicon. The metal alloy is desirably embedded in a porous biostable material, such as an ethylvinylacetate copolymer, configured to retain oxides of the antimicrobial material while being sufficiently porous to permit fluid in the drainage lumen to penetrate the antimicrobial coating. The medical device may be configured, for example, as a biliary or pancreatic stent.

Abstract: A stent in a non-expanded state has a first and second expansion column, each consisting of a plurality of expansion strut pairs. An expansion strut pair includes a first expansion strut, a second expansion strut and a joining strut that couples the first and second expansion struts at one end. Expansion strut pairs include expansion strut pair first and second corners formed where the joining strut couples the first and second expansion struts. A connecting strut column, formed of a plurality of connecting struts couples the first and second expansion columns. Connecting struts include a proximal section, a distal section and an intermediate section. The proximal section is coupled to the corner of an expansion strut pair of the first expansion column, and the distal section is coupled to the joining strut of an expansion strut pair of the second expansion column intermediate the expansion strut pair first corner and the expansion strut pair second corner.

Abstract: A ureteral stent is designed to be placed within a patient's ureter to facilitate drainage from the patient's kidneys to the bladder. An elongated portion of the stent includes a length sufficient to extend substantially within the ureter from the kidney to the bladder, and the elongated portion defines a lumen extending therethrough. A retention portion extends from one end of the elongated portion and retains the position of the ureteral stent when placed substantially within the kidney. The retention portion includes an interior space that is in communication with the lumen within the elongated portion and has at least one opening for urine drainage. A flared portion extending from the other end of the elongated portion is positioned within the patient's bladder. The flared portion curves outward and includes an elastic member that maintains the shape of the flared portion when positioned within the bladder.

Abstract: The anti-obesity stent includes a tubular structure having outer and inner surfaces and proximal and distal ends. The tubular structure is sized to fit within a duodenum in substantially coaxial relation therewith. The tubular structure is impervious or semi-permeable to digestive substances and chyme within the duodenum. The anti-obesity stent includes a transport structure at least a part of which is coincident with or connected to the outer surface. The transport structure extends to the distal end of the tubular structure. At least one retainer structure is connected to the tubular structure. The retainer structure secures the tubular structure within the duodenum such that the transport structure is positioned to receive digestive fluids from a papilla of Vater on an inner surface of the duodenum. The transport structure provides a conduit for the digestive fluids therein to flow to the distal end.

Abstract: The anti-obesity dual stent includes a tubular outer structure within which is located a coaxial tubular inner structure. The outer structure is sized to fit within a duodenum in substantially coaxial relation therewith. The outer and inner structures communicate with the pylorus and papilla of Vater to provide conduits for the chyme and digestive fluid. Alternatively, the anti-obesity dual stent may include a tubular papilla-supplied structure which has a lateral orientation relative to a tubular pylorus-supplied structure. The papilla-supplied and pylorus-supplied structures each are sized to fit longitudinally within the duodenum. The pylorus-supplied and papilla-supplied structures communicate with the pylorus and papilla of Vater to provide conduits for the chyme and digestive fluid.

Abstract: A medical stent is sized for placement in a ureter. The stent includes a first section which includes a first material, defines a lumen, and includes a first coil completing at least one revolution. A second section of the stent includes a second material, defines a lumen, and includes a second coil completing at least one revolution. A third section defines a lumen and is located between the first and second sections. The third section includes a co-extrusion of the first and second materials. One of the first or second sections is harder than the other section.

Abstract: A device to provide body fluid flow control in the form of a valve to be located within a duct or passageway. The device is controlled through pressure above a preselected threshold. Bulk resilience about a passageway in a valve body provides the mechanism for controlled flow. One-way valve operation may be provided through a flap or through a pressure differential on the valve body depending upon the direction of flow. A frame structure positioned within a resilient seal includes longitudinally elongated elements which may be of spring material, malleable material or heat recoverable material so as to accomplish an initial insertion state and an expanded anchoring state. A valve support transitions between the resilient seal portion and the valve body to insure that the states do not change the threshold opening pressure. Insertion devices may be employed to position and actuate a change of state of the frame in the body duct or passageway.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for limiting absorption of food products in specific parts of the digestive system is presented. A gastrointestinal implant device is anchored in the stomach and extends beyond the ligament of Treitz. All food exiting the stomach is funneled through the device. The gastrointestinal device includes an anchor for anchoring the device to the stomach and a flexible sleeve to limit absorption of nutrients in the duodenum. The anchor is collapsible for endoscopic delivery and removal.

Abstract: A fastening for fixing an exposed stent (2) to a graft material (1). At least two spaced apart fastenings (7, 8) are used, each fastening has at least one turn and preferably two turns of an elongate flexible fiber through the graft material and around a portion of the stent. Each fastening has a knot (9) which is at least two thumb knots and preferably four thumb knots.

Abstract: A stent specifically designed for use in treating chronic sphenoid sinusitis comprises a soft compressible plastic tube of a predetermined diameter having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen extending therebetween. The stent has a generally hemispherical hollow dome integrally molded to its distal end. The diameter of the dome is greater than the predetermined diameter of the plastic tube. The stent further includes an integrally molded annular flange located a short predetermined distance proximal to the hemispherical dome. The device is designed to be fitted through a surgically enlarged ostium of the sphenoid sinus such that the dome resides within the sinus cavity and the flange abuts the bony wall surrounding the ostium. The stent maintains the ostium patent and permits irrigation/suctioning via the stent's lumen.

Abstract: A bypass conduit assembly is placed in a hollow body organ to route food and liquids past the hollow body organ. A flexible tubular member extends from a narrowed section through the hollow body organ and into either the pylorus or intestines. The tubular member is connected to tissue by fasteners such as clips, staples or stents.

Abstract: Methods and devices for use in tissue approximation and fixation are described herein. The present invention provides, in part, methods and devices for acquiring tissue folds in a circumferential configuration within a hollow body organ, e.g., a stomach, positioning the tissue folds for affixing within a fixation zone of the stomach, preferably to create a pouch or partition below the esophagus, and fastening the tissue folds such that a tissue ring, or stomas, forms excluding the pouch from the greater stomach cavity. The present invention further provides for a liner or bypass conduit which is affixed at a proximal end either to the tissue ring or through some other fastening mechanism. The distal end of the conduit is left either unanchored or anchored within the intestinal tract. This bypass conduit also includes a fluid bypass conduit which allows the stomach and a portion of the intestinal tract to communicate.

Abstract: A stent may include a flexible, elongate body having a curled proximal portion, a curled distal portion, and a main portion extending between the proximal and distal portions. The main and distal portions together may define a channel laterally open throughout at least a part of the channel's length and extending along the main and distal portions without extending along the proximal portion, whereby the channel's proximal end is disposed in the main portion. In addition, the proximal portion may be curled away from the channel.

Abstract: A polymeric stent, especially useful in surgical endoscopy and for the treatment of salivary gland ducts comprising; an elongated tube (1), wherein the proximal end (3) of said tube is having a funnel-like shape; and wherein said funnel further comprise at least one gorge (5a), which enables the suturing of said stent to said duct. The invention also relates to a method for implanting the polymeric stent into the lumen of a salivary gland duct.

Abstract: A stent comprises a plurality of serpentine circumferential bands and a plurality of connector columns. Each connector column is located between two adjacent serpentine circumferential bands and comprises a plurality connector struts. Each connector strut is connected at one end to one serpentine circumferential band and at another end to another serpentine circumferential band. Each connector strut has step sections and at least one riser. Each step section extends substantially in a circumferential direction and each riser extends in a substantially longitudinal direction. The steps in a connector are connected to one another via a riser.

Abstract: A porous weave of bioabsorbable filaments is encased in an elastic membrane to form a thin-walled stent. The stent is sized to be snugly fitted in the proximate portion of the duodenum of a patient, to induce weight loss by limiting uptake of food passing through the stent. After a predetermined period, the stent degrades and passes from the body without surgical intervention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to stents that are formed into a helical structure having a plurality of coils, a longitudinal axis, an internal longitudinal passage, a distal section and a proximal section having different diameters; where the structure is made from a fiber having a cross-section and including an inner core having an exterior surface made from a biodegradable polymer having a first degradation rate and an outer section made from a blend of a first biodegradable polymer component and a second biodegradable polymer component covering the exterior surface of the inner core and having a second degradation rate; where the second degradation rate is lower than the first degradation rate.

Abstract: A biodegradable stent for implantation into a lumen in a human body. The stent in one embodiment is made from a biodegradable fiber having an inner core and an outer layer. The outer layer is a blend of two polymer components. The inner core has a first degradation rate, and the outer layer has a second degradation rate. The second degradation rate is slower than the first degradation rate. The fiber softens in vivo such that the stent is readily passed from the lumen as a softened fragment or filament after a pre-determined period of time through normal flow of body fluids passing through the lumen.

Abstract: A biodegradable stent for implantation into a lumen in a human body. The stent in one embodiment is made from a biodegradable fiber having an inner core and an outer layer. The outer layer is a blend of two polymer components. The inner core has a first degradation rate, and the outer layer has a second degradation rate. The second degradation rate is slower than the first degradation rate. The fiber softens in vivo such that the stent is readily passed from the lumen as a softened fragment or filament after a pre-determined period of time through normal flow of body fluids passing through the lumen.

Abstract: Devices and methods utilized in performing transmyocardial coronary bypass include retractors used to engage and support myocardial tissue, and mechanisms for supporting coronary vessels so as to allow precise entry into a vessel lumen. In addition, various conduits are provided having a configuration that permits their positioning in a heart wall to place a coronary vessel in communication with a heart chamber.

Abstract: A stent for treatment of a body lumen through which a flow is effected on either side of a sphincter, said stent comprising one or more windings and having an inner core substantially covered by an outer core and including a first segment, a second segment, and a connecting member disposed between the segments. When the stent is positioned within a patient's urinary system, the first segment and second segments are located on either side of the external sphincter to inhibit migration of the stent while not interfering with the normal functioning of the sphincter. The outer coating comprises an absorbable material that provides temporary structural support to the stent. After absorption of substantially all the outer coating of the stent, the remaining relatively compliant inner core facilitates easy removal by the patient by pulling a portion of the stent that extends outside the patient's body for this purpose.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of stent placement which comprises first guiding a guidewire through the vasculature. Second, a balloon catheter which contains two guidewire lumens is strung along the guidewire into position at the bifurcation. The distal opening of the second guidewire lumen abuts the proximal end of the bifurcation. Thereafter, a second guidewire is strung through the first balloon catheter and out the distal opening of the second guidewire lumen. Thus, resident in the second bifurcation leg is the second guidewire. Then, a second standard stent delivery balloon catheter is guided along the second guidewire to a position within the bifurcation. Typically, expansion of both stents can be done one right after the other after proper placement of the first and second balloons.

Abstract: A conduit is provided to provide a bypass around a blockage in the coronary artery. The conduit is adapted to be positioned in the myocardium or heart wall to provide a passage for blood to flow between a chamber of the heart such as the left ventricle and the coronary artery, distal to the blockage. The stent is self-expanding or uses a balloon to expand the stent in the heart wall. Various attachment means are provided to anchor the stent and prevent its migration.

Abstract: A medical implant made from multiple layers of non-synthetic, natural tissues is provided. The medical device includes openings that extend radially through the wall of the medical implant. One advantage of the medical implant is that a synthetic support structure is not needed. As a result, problems associated with implanting a foreign material into a body may be avoided.

Abstract: A ureteral stent is configured for improved patient comfort and aftercare. The stent can have one or more of the following features: a distal portion with a somewhat flattened, non-circular cross-section that provides reduced irritation and elimination of urine reflux; a proximal portion with a helical coil shape that allows self-anchoring of the stent below the kidney; and a portion along the body of the stent having a coil shape that allows self-adjustment of the stent with ureteral movement.

Abstract: A medical stent includes a first section which includes a first material, defines a lumen, and includes a first coil completing more than one revolution. The first coil revolves about and is coaxial with an axis, expanding and opening as it revolves from the origin of the first coil. A second section of the stent includes a second material, defines a lumen, and includes a second coil completing at least one revolution. A third section defines a lumen and is located between the first and second sections. The third section includes a co-extrusion of the first and second materials. One of the first or second sections is harder than the other section.

Abstract: A device to provide body fluid flow control in the form of a valve to be located within a duct or passageway. The device is controlled through pressure above a preselected threshold. Bulk resilience about a passageway in a valve body provides the mechanism for controlled flow. One-way valve operation may be provided through a flap or through a pressure differential on the valve body depending upon the direction of flow. A frame structure positioned within a resilient seal includes longitudinally elongate elements which may be of spring material, malleable material or heat recoverable material so as to accomplish an initial insertion state and an expanded anchoring state. A valve support transitions between the resilient seal portion and the valve body to insure that the states do not change the threshold opening pressure. Insertion devices may be employed to position and actuate a change of state of the frame in the body duct or passageway.

Abstract: A flow control device includes a sealing component that can be positioned within a bronchial lumen. The sealing component can comprise two or more overlapping segments that are movable relative to one another such that the segments collectively form a seal that can expand and contract in size to fit within and seal bronchial lumens of various sizes.

Abstract: A stent in a non-expanded state includes a first expansion column and a second expansion column. The first expansion column comprises a plurality of expansion strut pairs. Each expansion strut pair includes a first expansion strut and a second expansion strut joined by a joining strut. The second expansion column comprises a plurality of expansion strut pairs. Each expansion strut pair includes a first expansion strut and a second expansion strut joined by a joining strut. The first and second expansion columns are connected via a first connecting strut column. The first connecting strut column comprises a plurality of first connecting struts. The first expansion strut of the first expansion strut pair in the first expansion column has a longitudinal axis offset from a longitudinal axis of the first expansion strut of the second expansion strut pair in the second expansion column.

Abstract: A valve prosthesis is disclosed which is implantable within a vein or other blood vessel of a patient using a minimally-invasive surgical procedure. The prosthesis includes a tubular wire frame which presses radially outward against the inner walls of the blood vessel following implantation to hold the prosthesis in position. Multiple flow-resistive pockets that open and close in response to changes in blood flow direction are attached to the frame to impede the flow of blood in the reverse direction. The prosthesis is implanted using an introducer catheter which holds the prosthesis in a radially-compressed state as the prosthesis is inserted into and positioned within the blood vessel.

Abstract: An expandable stent comprises a multiplicity of sets of strut members. Each set of strut members forms a circumferentially extending closed structure with adjacent sets of strut members being coupled each to the other by connectors. The stent has two types of sets of strut members, a first type of set of strut members and a second type of set of strut members. The first type of set of strut members has a shorter total pathlength about the periphery of the stent than the second type of set of strut members. When the stent is radially deployed to its nominal diameter, the first type of set of strut members has greater radial rigidity as compared to the second type of set of strut members.

Abstract: Several methods and apparatus are available for treating patients that suffer from both gastro-esophageal reflux disorder and hiatal hernias. In order to treat these patients, an endoscopic probe may be used to push the herniated stomach below the diaphragm. In some embodiments, a two-part stent comprising a funnel stent and a reverse stent may be deployed to prevent a future re-herniation of the stomach and to reduce the annulus of the lower esophageal sphincter. In some embodiments, a reverse stent with perforating barbs may be deployed, in which the barbs penetrate the esophageal wall and attach to the diaphragm. In some embodiments, the crus muscles may be sutured together to reduce the hiatus size and a reverse stent may be deployed to reduce the annulus of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Abstract: A conduit is provided to provide a bypass around a blockage in the coronary artery. The conduit is adapted to be positioned in the myocardium or heart wall to provide a passage for blood to flow between a chamber of the heart such as the left ventricle and the coronary artery, distal to the blockage. The stent is self-expanding or uses a balloon to expand the stent in the heart wall. Various attachment means are provided to anchor the stent and prevent its migration.

Abstract: A system and related methods for maintaining the patentcy of the ureter comprising a pusher tube having a pusher tube lumen and an inflate lumen disposed within a wall of the pusher tube and a urinary stent having a proximal and distal portions with an elongated body portion therebetween configured to fit the ureter of the patient and defining a lumen. The system further includes an end-effector that may comprise an inflatable balloon positioned at the proximal portion of the urinary stent for retaining the proximal portion in the urinary bladder. At the distal portion, a retention end-piece is positioned for retaining the distal portion of the stent in the renal pelvis. The end-effector and the retention end-piece of the stent maintain the elongated body portion in situ. The end-effector may also include an inflatable balloon and may contain pharmaceutical or biologic agents for controlled release into the bladder.

Abstract: Therapeutic device intended for the selective cytoreductive treatment of an obstruction in a natural lumen or passage of the human or animal body, the lumen being obstructed by the effect of a local cell proliferation, the device including a tubular element, in particular of cylindrical shape, intended to be placed in the natural lumen and sufficiently flexible to conform to the natural lumen, but sufficiently rigid to maintain an artificial channel in the lumen. The tubular element supports lengthwise a medicinal sleeve which is intended to come into line with, and into contact with, the obstruction once the natural lumen has been intubated, and is designed to deliver locally, at least in its outer surface portion, at least one therapeutic agent which is cytoreductive, in particular cytotoxic, through contact with the cells under whose effect the lumen is obstructed.

Abstract: A method of treating a heart may include providing an implant having a first end and a second end, placing the implant in a heart wall between a heart chamber and a blood vessel such that the first end of the implant is in flow communication with at least one of the geart chamber and the blood vessel, and delivering an angiogenesis factor in a time-relaease mannor to the heart wall proximate the implant.

Abstract: A ureteral stent for assisting movement of urine along a patient's ureter and into the patient's bladder. The stent includes an elongated tubular segment extending toward the bladder from a kidney end region for placement in the renal cavity to a bladder end region. A central lumen connects at least one opening at the first end region to at least one opening in the bladder end region. Thin flexible tail(s) are attached to the bladder end region of the tubular segment at a point outside the bladder so as to receive urine from the opening in the bladder end region and to transport urine from there across the ureter/bladder junction and into the bladder. The tails include an elongated external urine-transport surface configured to transport urine. The transporting surface(s) are configured to extend along at least part of the ureter, across the ureter/bladder junction, and into the bladder.

Abstract: A porous weave of bioabsorbable filaments is encased in an elastic membrane to form a thin-walled stent. The stent is sized to be snugly fitted in the proximate portion of the duodenum of a patient, to induce weight loss by limiting uptake of food passing through the stent. After a predetermined period, the stent degrades and passes from the body without surgical intervention.

Abstract: A stent comprises a plurality of segments including a first balloon expandable segment which is not self-expanding, a second balloon expandable segment which is not self-expanding and a first self-expanding segment. The first self-expanding segment is disposed between the first and second balloon expandable segments. The segments are axially displaced from one another.

Abstract: A stent may include a flexible, elongate body having a curled proximal portion, a curled distal portion, and a main portion extending between the proximal and distal portions. The main and distal portions together may define a channel laterally open throughout at least a part of the channel's length and extending along the main and distal portions without extending along the proximal portion, whereby the channel's proximal end is disposed in the main portion. In addition, the proximal portion may be curled away from the channel.

Abstract: An anti-reflux drainage device includes an elongated member defining a lumen, and a valve disposed along the elongated member. The valve can include one or more lumens in fluid connection with the lumen of the elongated member, a socket, a shaft disposed in the socket, and a stopper connected to the shaft that occludes the second lumen when exposed to retrograde pressure. Another such device includes an elongated member and a ball valve. The ball valve can include a seat and a shoulder defined by the elongated member, and a ball disposed in the elongated member between the seat and shoulder that occludes lumen when exposed to retrograde pressure.

Abstract: Luminal prostheses comprise adjacent expansible segments, typically serpentine ring segments joined by sigmoidal links. By properly orienting the sigmoidal links and aligning hinge regions on adjacent serpentine rings, enhanced performance can be obtained.

Abstract: A stent is designed to be placed within a patient's ureter to facilitate drainage from the patient's kidneys to the bladder. An elongated portion of the stent includes a length sufficient to extend substantially within the ureter from the kidney to the bladder, and defines a lumen extending therethrough. A first end portion extends from one end of the elongated portion and is adapted to assume a retaining configuration when placed substantially within the kidney. A second end portion extends from another end of the elongated portion and flares outward when placed substantially within the bladder to maintain position. The second end portion allows fluids to flow through the lumen and into the bladder and is collapsible to prevent fluid from passing from the bladder to the kidney.

Abstract: An anti-reflux ureteral stent includes an elongated member with a distal end having a first retention structure and a proximal end having a second retention structure. A lumen extends between the distal and proximal ends. The elongated member may include a valve near the proximal end and distal to the second retention structure. The valve may include one or more slits or windows tending to render the elongated member collapsible. The valve may include one or more protrusions to partially occlude the lumen. A protrusion, if present, may be shaped as a helical thread. The second retention structure may be shaped as a barb to engage a ureteral orifice in a bladder.