Abstract: A method of fabricating strengthened glass includes strengthening a glass substrate to form a strengthened glass substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and slimming the strengthened glass substrate. The slimming may include slimming the first surface and not slimming the second surface, or slimming the first surface and the second surface differently from each other. Strengthened glass fabricated by this method of fabricating strengthened glass may be used in a bent display device.

Abstract: There are provided an antifogging article having a water absorbing layer which excels in antifogging property, in durability and appearance, a method for manufacturing the same, an article for transportation apparatus having the antifogging article, and a water absorbing layer forming composition. The antifogging article has a substrate and an antifogging film on a surface of the substrate, in which the antifogging film has a water absorbing layer constituted of a water absorbing material with a saturated water absorption amount of 50 mg/cm3 or more, the water absorbing material is containing a first cured epoxy resin obtained by reacting the composition containing a polyepoxide component, a polyaddition type curing agent, and a catalyst type curing agent, and the polyepoxide component is constituted only of at least two polyepoxides selected from aliphatic polyepoxides with molecular weights of 800 to 3000. The article for transportation apparatus has the antifogging article.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic, includes a step of forming granules using a material including an SiO2 source, a ZrO2 source, a P2O5 source and an Na2O source; a step of obtaining a powder including a glass ceramic by passing the granules under a heated gas phase atmosphere to melt the granules and solidifying the melted granules; a step of obtaining a target object including a glass ceramic by performing a heat treatment on the powder to precipitate crystals; and a step of obtaining a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic by performing an ion-exchange process on the target object in molten salt including lithium ions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a SiO2—RExOy—Al2O3 glass comprising preparing a glass according to a conventional process wherein the conventional process comprises a step of heat treating a mixture of SiO2, RExOy, and Al2O3 at a temperature greater than the spinodal temperature for 0.1 to 10 hours wherein RExOy is a rare earth oxide and RE is a rare earth element chosen from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and combinations thereof. The invention also relates to glasses prepared by the process and glass lasers, optical amplifiers and laminated glass that comprise the glass prepared by the process.

Abstract: High intensity plasma-arc heat sources, such as a plasma-arc lamp, are used to irradiate glass, glass ceramics and/or ceramic materials to strengthen the glass. The same high intensity plasma-arc heat source may also be used to form a permanent pattern on the glass surface—the pattern being raised above the glass surface and integral with the glass (formed of the same material) by use of, for example, a screen-printed ink composition having been irradiated by the heat source.

Abstract: A method for producing thermally tempered glass. This type of surface treatment is applied in particular where mechanical properties, in particular strengths, are required, for example in the automotive industry, in architecture and in the utilisation of solar energy. The method produces thermally tempered glass with thicknesses less than 2.8 mm. The method can be advantageously performed such that thermally tempered glass can be produced with less energy input by utilising controlled quenching.

Abstract: A magnetic disk glass substrate including compressive stress layers at main surfaces and a tensile stress layer between the compressive stress layers formed by chemical strengthening. When the glass substrate has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm and the tensile stress layer has a thickness L and a tensile stress of Pt (kg/mm2), the following relation holds: 0.4 (kg/mm)?L·Pt?2.0 (kg/mm).

Abstract: A processing method for glass substrate of the present invention includes: applying heat and external force to a glass substrate and then cooling it down to thereby form a compression stressed part having a different etching rate from that of other parts with respect to an etching reagent to be used, on the surface of the glass substrate and in the vicinity thereof, and performing chemical etching using the etching reagent on the glass substrate having the compression stressed part formed thereon, so as to form a relief on the surface of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A method for forcedly cooling sheet glass includes the step of causing water-cotaining members (11,31) to contact with both surfaces of sheet glass (27) to cool the sheet glass. Sheet glass heated to a predetermined temperrature is brought into contact with water-containing members to thereby quench the surface of the sheet glass. Water in the water-containing members partly evaporates owing to the heat of the sheet glass, and the sheet glass is thereby effectively cooled by the heat of evaporation of water.

Abstract: A method to produce fused quartz particulates from quartz sand is disclosed employing continuous withdrawal of the molten material from a furnace apparatus. The molten material is rapidly cooled as withdrawn causing thermal fracture which is followed by mechanically pulverizing the fragments to a desired particle size.

Abstract: A fire-rated glass 28 is comprised of a low-E glass which has been subject to a supertempering treatment.

Abstract: A method of tempering an article is disclosed in which an article is heated so that the material making up the article is in an essentially stress-free state and the article thereafter is quenched and cooled. At the conclusion of the quenching, a stress pattern in initiated through the thickness of the article in which the midplane layer is in tension and the surface layers are in compression. This stress pattern is further developed during the cooling stage. The article is quenched by spraying the surfaces with a coolant, preferably comprising either liquid nitrogen or liquid air in the form of a two phase flow of liquid and vapor. The liquid is sprayed so that the surface tensile stress of the surface layers are not exceeded and the liquid does not accumulate on the surface layers as a film.

Abstract: A laser waveguide medium is provided comprising:a laser glass substrate wherein the substrate is a glass comprising (on an oxide composition basis):______________________________________ Mole % ______________________________________ P.sub.2 O.sub.5 50-70 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-13 Na.sub.2 O 10-35 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-6 Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 >0-6 R'O 0-20 R.sub.2 O 0-18 ______________________________________wherein Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 is the sum of the oxides of active lasing lanthanides of atomic numbers 58-71, R'O is the sum of oxides of Mg, Ca, Cr, Ba, Zn and Pb, and R.sub.2 O is the sum of oxides of Li, K, Rb and Cs; anda waveguide region embedded in the substrate, the waveguide region having a higher refractive index than the substrate and the waveguide region having an inlet region through which light can enter and an outlet region through which light can exit.

Abstract: A buried wave guide device is produced by immersing a phosphate glass containing exchangeable ions in a molten salt. Ions are exchanged from the phosphate glass to give a wave guide whose refractive index increases sharply from a first surface to a maximum at a depth below the first surface then decreases gradually in the direction of the opposite surface.

Abstract: A buried wave guide device is produced by immersing a phosphate glass containing exchangeable ions in a molten salt. Ions are exchanged from the phosphate glass to give a wave guide whose refractive index increases sharply from a first surface to a maximum at a depth below the first surface then decreases gradually in the direction of the opposite surface.

Abstract: Processes in which glass parts are strengthened by ion exchange with cations in a molten salt bath are improved by removal of the small amounts of moisture and other forms of the hydroxyl group present in the salt melt by either chemical or electrolytic means, prior to the ion exchange. The chemical means involve reacting the hydroxyl-containing compounds with the chlorine-containing gas, while the electrolytic means involve electrolysis to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. Preferred embodiments further include a gas purge prior to the chemical or electrolytic treatment.

Abstract: Ion-exchangeable phosphate glass compositions containing in mole percent from about 50 to 70% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, from about 5 to 30 % Li.sub.2 O, from about 5 to 25% MO, where M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn, and about 5 to 30% X.sub.2 O.sub.3, where X is selected from the group consisting of Al, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu are provided. In another aspect, the phosphate glass compositions of the present invention also contain in mole percent up to 10% R.sub.2 O, where R is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs. Solarization inhibitors and minor amounts of anhydrous fluorides and chlorides are also included in some embodiments. Optical quality phosphate glass articles formed of the phosphate glass compositions of the present invention are readily ion- exchangeable when contacted with certain salts. Optical quality phosphate glass articles are also provided having good thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: A glass article made of a glass, in which the content of a principal alkali metal ion is distinctly higher than the content of any other alkali metal ion optionally contained in the glass, is highly strengthened by first treating the glass article with a source of the principal alkali metal ion to increase only the content of the principal alkali metal ion in each surface layer of the glass article and then at least partially exchanging the principal alkali metal ion in each surface layer of the glass article with another alkali metal ion larger in ionic radius. In the strengthened glass article the total content of alkali metal ions in each surface layer becomes higher than that in the inner region.

Abstract: The refractive index distribution in refractive index distribution lenses may be adjusted to better approach an ideal by heating the refractive index distribution lens. When the refractive index distribution lens was created by diffusion of refractive index changing ions into a body, further heating in an environment in which no additional ions can diffuse into the body causes further migration of ions within the body so that its refractive index distribution approaches an ideal.

Abstract: An alkali silicate non-glare coating is disclosed which has improved optical properties, specially resistance to haze, as a result of acid treatment which removes excess alkali from the coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermal quenching or tempering of glass by means of a gaseous jet directed by nozzles.According to the inventive method, the nozzles are supplied with gas and liquid under a pressure which enables the jet velocity attained at the exit of the nozzles to be at least sonic, said jet being comprised of a mixture of a gas and a finely divided liquid.In particular the gas may be air and the liquid water.The invention may be applied to vertical or horizontal quenching or tempering of sheets or other items of glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass lathe for producing preforms which may be drawn into energy transmitting fibers. The apparatus includes a head stock and a tail stock for rotatably holding a starter tube and the preform as it is built from the starter tube. The tail stock is movable along the lathe bed with respect to the head stock so that a preform may be drawn down to approximately the diameter of the starter tube. A carriage is provided on the lathe bed which carries at least one burner for melting a particulate quartz feed and depositing it onto the rotating surface of the starter tube. A slide member mounted on the carriage supports a container for catching particulate quartz which does not adhere to the tube and a coolant reservoir adapted to produce a fountain for contacting and cooling the tube downstream of the burner.

Abstract: A process for the thermal tempering of glass wherein the hot glass is immersed in a vessel in which there are two mutually immiscible liquids. The liquid of lower density is above the liquid of higher density. The glass is precooled for a specific time in the liquid of lower density and then is brought into the liquid of higher density.

Abstract: Glass is heated to a temperature above its strain point and is thermally toughened by chilling with a quiescent gas-filuidized particulate material which has gas-generating properties and a mean particle size in the range 30 .mu.m to 120 .mu.m, a particle size distribution in the range 1.15 to 2.78, a flowability in the range 69.5 to 92, and a thermal capacity per unit volume at minimum fluidization in the range 0.7 to 1.59 MJ/m.sup.3 K.The invention is particularly suitable for thermally toughening glass sheets for vehicle windscreens.

Abstract: The thermal treatment of glass is effected by contacting the glass, when it is hot, with a gas-fluidized mixture of particulate materials, at least one of which is selected to have gas-generating properties when heated by the hot glass. The materials are mixed in selected pre-determined proportions which impart to the mixture a thermal capacity and flowability which are such that a required thermal treatment is achieved.The method is particularly suitable for the thermal toughening of glass sheets for vehicle windscreens.

Abstract: A method of handling a glass part to be treated and shaped in a hot liquid bath of a composition having a melting point greater than ambient temperature comprises the steps of: placing at least one glass part on at least one flexible porous member suspended by its edges; immersing the glass part, flexible member and a form in the hot bath; drawing the immersed glass part against the form by pulling the edges of the flexible porous member over the form; removing the form, glass part and flexible member from the bath as a unit, whereupon the glass and a portion of the bath composition hardens, the bath composition clinging to the glass and porous member; removing the form from the glass; and, removing the flexible porous member, and essentially all of the bath composition clinging to the glass. Protection for the glass and further ease of handling are provided where a second flexible porous member is placed between the glass and the form.

Abstract: A hollow glass article having an improved optical finish which is formed by placing a molten material in the original article while it is constrained in a mold. The molten material softens the glass and produces a hydrostatic pressure which reforms the article into the finished shape by expanding the original glass article to the shape of the mold.

Abstract: A method for bending glass sheets is provided wherein glass is heated just to the softening point in a molten salt bath, then mechanically forced around a cylindrical or conical form using a forming member which hinges to follow the glass sheet onto the form, thereby maintaining the optical characteristics of the glass sheet by avoiding exertion of force along the plane of the glass sheet.The apparatus for use with the invention comprises a forming member which maintains contact with the part being formed at the same spot throughout the forming operation, means for supporting the part, and means for actuation.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for strengthening glass articles and, in particular, glass containers such as beer bottles. The invention is directed to a process whereby the article is sprayed over its surface with a solution containing potassium fluoride and a metal acetate which prevents etching of the surface by the fluoride ions. The article is then treated at an elevated temperature to allow exchange of the potassium ions for the sodium ions in the glass.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the production of sodium and/or potassium hydrosilicate glass bodies. The basis of the invention resides in the hydration of anhydrous sodium and/or potassium silicate glass bodies in aqueous alcohol solutions to impart enhanced mechanical strength and thermoplastic properties thereto. The hydrating process, which permits close control to be maintained over the water content absorbed in the glass, can be carried out in liquid solutions of water and relatively short chain, i.e. up to about five carbon atoms, aliphatic alcohols or in gaseous atmospheres of such solutions. An ion exchange reaction of Li.sup.+ ions or protons with Na.sup.+ and/or K.sup.+ ions can be promoted at temperatures above the transformation range of the hydrated glass, and an exchange of K.sup.+ ions for Na.sup.+ and/or Li.sup.+ ions at temperatures below the transformation range.

Abstract: Glass is strengthened against failure under tension by treating the glass with a combination of straight chain, saturated, terminal monocarboxyl fatty acid plus the salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal, both dissolved in an inert carrier and applied to the glass at a temperature in a preferred range between 100.degree. and 300.degree. C., after which the glass is slowly cooled to avoid thermal stress.

Abstract: In a method of tempering glass product by a heat treatment of quenching the glass heated at higher than a strain point and lower than a softening point, by dipping it into a liquid coolant, the tempering operation is carried out under applying ultrasonic vibration to the liquid coolant or the glass product.

Abstract: Heated articles may be rapidly and uniformly quenched in a fluidized bed of a dispersion of water and hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Abstract: Glass sheets of unequal thickness are tempered sequentially on one tempering line by employing a lightweight heating furnace within which each glass sheet may be brought up to a thermal condition suitable for tempering by a two-stage heating cycle which differs from one glass thickness to another. Also disclosed are means for temporarily adapting a conventional tempering line for carrying out such a process.

Abstract: Increased optical transmission is provided for a body of light transmissive polycrystalline alumina body treated at elevated temperatures with a molten flux composition. A tube of the flux polished material which can be used as the light transmissive envelope for high intensity discharge lamps especially sodium vapor lamps, improves light output from the lamp as the result of increased in-line transmission for the treated envelope member. A method of chemically polishing polycrystalline alumina material in this manner is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sheet handling apparatus including means in the form of support feet for "catching" or receiving the bottom edge of a vertically descending sheet upon the release of the upper portion of the glass from gripping tongs which initially support the sheet in a vertical plane. The bottom edge of the sheet engages the support feet substantially simultaneously with the release of the tongs to effect a smooth transition without interruption during continuous downward movement of the sheet.

Abstract: Spherical regularity of glass beads is improved by catching a falling stream of hot beads in a bath of liquid quenching medium having a relatively low heat transfer coefficient controlled by maintaining a relatively high viscosity.

Abstract: Glass beads are formed with a high rate of production by jetting an array of molten glass streams arranged around a central zone. The beads which are formed are caught in a quench bath, where they are immediately dispersed by a high-velocity radial stream of fluid from a nozzle located within the central zone. A secondary, low-velocity fluid stream is provided in the quenching bath to prevent localized over-heating.

Abstract: A glass article is moulded by supplying a gob of molten glass to a mould, regulating the temperature of the mould and the time of closure of the mould so that when moulding is complete the surface viscosity of the glass is at mmost 10.sup.10.5 poises and the viscosity at the centre of the glass is at most 10.sup.8 poises, rapidly transferring the article from the mould before the surface viscosity exceeds 10.sup.10.5 poises and passing it to a cooling medium where the heat transfer is regulated to cool the article to a temperature such that its surface viscosity is at least 10.sup.12.5 poises. The moulding apparatus may open and drop the moulded article into the cooling medium or a gas jet may be provided to blow the article off a support in the open mould into the cooling medium.

Abstract: A hot glass sheet, which may have been bent to a suitable shape for use in the manufacture of a vehicle window, is heated prior to quenching in a chilling medium such as a chilling liquid, in such a way that the edge of the sheet which first contacts the chilling medium is hotter than the trailing edge of the sheet.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass article of a devitrifiable glass having an optimum working temperature in the vicinity of its liquidus temperature, wherein the temperature of the molten glass is, during the molding operation, maintained at considerably higher temperature than both the optimum working temperature and the liquidus temperature, the molded article is passed through water or a layer of wet granular materials floating in water before the temperature of the molded article drops down to the liquidus temperature and before the molded article is deformed to rapidly cool the article to a temperature below the devitrifying temperature.