Abstract: To provide a method for recycling a solar cell module glass, which enables development of other novel applications of a waste glass of a solar cell module while controlling an elution amount of Sb from the waste glass into water. Disclosed is a method for recycling a solar cell module glass, the method comprising: grinding a solar cell module glass into a glass powder; adding at least one foaming agent selected from SiC, CaCO3 and a seashell, and a particular inhibitor to the glass powder to produce a mixture; and heating the mixture to 700 to 1,100° C. to produce a foam glass.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a glass sheet including a forming apparatus, a transition member, and a heat transfer device. The forming apparatus forms a glass ribbon from a supply of molten glass. The transition member encloses the glass ribbon adjacent the forming apparatus, and defines an interior space through which the glass ribbon passes. The heat transfer device is disposed within the interior space, and comprises a tube and a fin. The tube defines an exterior surface and an interior passage. The fin projects from the exterior surface. With this construction, the heat transfer device functions to extract heat radiated by the glass ribbon while minimizing the formation of flow vortices.

Abstract: A moulding material mixture with at least one refractory material and water glass as an inorganic binding agent is used for producing casting moulds. The binding agent is cured with the aid of a carbonyl compound that has a molecular weight greater than 88 g/mol and less than 200 g/mol and a boiling point at 1013 hPa greater than 20° C. and less than 200° C. The at least one carbonyl compound is introduced into the gas phase, or carried with the gas phase. The at least one carbonyl compound has the formula R1R2C?O, where R1 is H or a C1 or C2 alkyl and R2 is a carboxyl group R—C(?O)—O— bonded via the oxygen atom, where R is a C1 to C3 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method of coding containers including applying particles to the containers so that the particles bonds with the containers to form unique optically readable patterns.

Abstract: An acoustic device includes a cabinet with a cavity room, a speaker unit mounted in the cavity room of the cabinet, a sealed room formed by the cabinet together with the speaker unit, a predetermined amount of nonpolarity gas which is sealed in the sealed room, a predetermined amount of zeolite absorbent which is sealed in the sealed room and physically absorbing the nonpolarity gas so as to decrease a resonant frequency of the sealed room and increase low frequency resonance of speaker unit.

Abstract: In a method for producing an expanded-glass granular material, starting materials containing glass powder, water glass, at least one blowing agent, and metakaolin, are mixed in order to form a homogeneous slurry. The slurry is granulated to form raw granular-material particles, which are foamed at a baking temperature between 780° C. and 950° C. in order to form expanded-glass granular-material particles. The expanded-glass granular material has a long-term water absorption of less than 25 volume percent when the expanded-glass granular material is exposed to water for a time period of 21 days.

Abstract: For the purpose of providing a glass substrate for an information recording medium capable of acquiring a low GA value, provided is the glass substrate for an information recording medium, wherein a surface of the glass substrate has an arithmetic mean undulation Wa of less than 0.6 nm, and a fine undulation having a root-mean-square height Rq of less than 0.01 nm at a measurement wavelength of 80-120?m in a radial direction.

Abstract: A method comprises flowing an oxidant and a fuel into a submerged combustion burner in a glass tank furnace, the glass tank furnace receiving a feed of glass forming material and producing molten glass, the burner and furnace comprising a melting system. The melting system has a variable system vibration and/or oscillation due to the nature of submerged combustion. One method includes predicting a value of at least one property, such as viscosity, of the molten glass using the variable system vibration and/or oscillation.

Abstract: A method by which recovered glass from waste steams can be used to create a closed cell foam glass in the 9 to 13 lbs/ft3 density range using a single-step foaming process. The waste glass is mixed with foaming agents and the boron content is adjusted and maintained between 7 to 14% of the mixture. The mixture is formed into a charge and fired at a temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 250° C. above the softening point of the waste glass for a controlled period of time. The waste glass can be obtained from commercial waste streams of high borosilicate glass to common container glass from recycling sources. The glass is ground to an appropriate size and mixed with fluxes, enhancers, and foaming agents which are then properly dispersed within the mixture.

Abstract: A structure printer for printing structures that has a stable platform on which a swiveling base is mounted. A boom is extendible from the base having a plasmatron mounted on the end of the boom for heating and melting the building material, which may subsequently be sprayed by a print head that receives the molten material from the plasmatron, the print head having an adjustable nozzle for expelling the mixture in a specific location. The printer may be vehicle-mounted, and may have a computer control so it is able to print a building faithfully from a blueprint. The building material may be foam glass, or other mixtures may be used.

Abstract: A method of making a foamed glass body, including preparing an admixture of powdered glass, at least one carbonate based foaming agent, and at least devitrification inhibitor, heating the admixture to a first temperature to soften the glass, heating the admixture to a second, higher temperature to foam the softened glass into a foamed glass body, and cooling the foamed glass body, wherein the temperature of the foamed glass body always remains too cold for silica crystal growth. The crystal silica content of the so-formed foamed glass body is less than 1 weight percent.

Abstract: A method of making a foamed glass body, including preparing an admixture of powdered glass, at least one carbonate based foaming agent, and at least devitrification inhibitor, heating the admixture to a first temperature to soften the glass, heating the admixture to a second, higher temperature to foam the softened glass into a foamed glass body, and cooling the foamed glass body. The crystal silica content of the so-formed foamed glass body is less than 1 weight percent.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of a cellular ceramic plate having asymmetric cells comprising thermally treating ceramic particles and a blowing agent in a foaming furnace while conveying said ceramic particles and said blowing agent at a first speed thereby forming a cellular ceramic plate, and annealing said cellular ceramic plate in an annealing lehr by cooling it down while conveying it at a second speed, larger than said first speed, thereby stretching and cooling said cellular ceramic plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic composition and a porous ceramic insulating material comprising the same, which is widely used as a core material in sandwich panels or fire doors. The ceramic composition comprises 44-60 wt % of glass powder, 8-15 wt % of fly ash, 4-8 wt % of surface treatment agent, and 23-29 wt % of water glass. The porous ceramic insulating material manufactured from the composition is lightweight and is an environmentally friendly material which generates no toxic gas when it catches fire. The ceramic insulating material can be produced at a low temperature of 800˜900° C., and thus has low production cost. In addition, it can be continuously manufactured in a sheet form.

Abstract: A foamed glass plant growth support structure, including a foamed glass substrate and a plurality of interconnected pores distributed throughout the substrate. The substrate is characterized by a porosity of at least about 65 percent. The pore size is substantially between about 0.2 and about 2 millimeters and the substrate is sufficiently chemically stable such that water filling the plurality of interconnected pores experiences a pH shift of less than 0.5.

Abstract: Method for producing foam glass by recycling wasteglass mixture containing screen glass from television sets, computers, monitors and glass from fluorescent tubes, light bulbs and photovoltaic systems. Steps are: separately grinding individual fractions of wasteglass from various sources, forming glass powder; mixing a sintered glass composition including components of various glass powder fractions and an inorganic carbon carrier substance as activator in a dry process without adding water or liquids; and thermally treating the sintered glass composition. This composition is first subjected to a sintering process and later to a foaming process, at temperatures in a range of 855° C. to 890° C. The arising foam glass is subsequently cooled down. The sintered glass composition, which is thermally sintered glass powder and activator, is composed of at least 10 wt % of screen glass, with 85 to 90 wt % originating from screen glass and glass from fluorescent tubes, light bulbs and photovoltaic systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of cellular glass sheets, wherein the cellular glass is expanded from at least one glass raw material and at least one blowing agent in a cellulating furnace to yield a cellular glass web (16) and is then continuously cooled in a cooling furnace (5), wherein the cellular glass web is transported on a continuous conveyor system through the furnace(s) during foaming and cooling, and wherein the cellular glass web is cut in the furnace or between two furnaces as well as a corresponding cutting apparatus and a cellular-glass cooling section with a corresponding cutting apparatus.

Abstract: Glass articles and methods for making the articles are provided. The glass articles are comprised of microscopic glass particles bound together to form an interconnected porous network within the articles. The porous interconnected network of fused glass particles provides an apparent porosity to the article, and thereby the ability to deliver water uniformly throughout the glass article via capillary forces.

Abstract: Submerged combustion systems and methods of use to produce foamed glass. One system includes a submerged combustion melter having an outlet, the melter configured to produce an initial foamy molten glass having a density and comprising bubbles filled primarily with combustion product gases. The initial foamy molten glass is deposited directly onto or into a transport apparatus that transports the initial foamy molten glass to a downstream processing apparatus. An intermediate stage may be included between the melter and the transport apparatus. One intermediate stage is a channel that includes gas injectors. Another intermediate stage is a channel that produces an upper flow of a less dense glass and a relatively more dense glass lower flow. The upper flow may be processed into foamed glass products, while the more dense flow may be processed into dense glass products.

Abstract: A method comprises flowing an oxidant and a fuel into a submerged combustion burner in a glass tank furnace, the glass tank furnace receiving a feed of glass forming material and producing molten glass, the burner and furnace comprising a melting system. The melting system has a variable system vibration and/or oscillation due to the nature of submerged combustion. One method includes predicting a value of at least one property, such as viscosity, of the molten glass using the variable system vibration and/or oscillation.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing porous glass having pores with a uniform pore diameter entirely, particularly in the case of phase-separated glass, including selectively removing a denatured layer formed on the surface of glass easily. The method of producing glass includes: forming phase-separated glass containing silicon oxide, boron oxide, and an alkali metal oxide; bringing an alkaline solution held by a porous supporting member into contact with the denatured layer formed on the surface of the phase-separated glass to remove the denatured layer; and immersing the phase-separated glass with the denatured layer removed therefrom in an acid solution to form pores in the phase-separated glass.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate having a frosted appearance, an article having a frosted appearance and frost-imparting compositions are disclosed. The method includes applying a frost-imparting composition onto a ceramic substrate and firing the coated substrate above 400° C. to impart the frost appearance. The frost-imparting composition comprises a liquid vehicle, 20% to 90% by weight of glass frit particles and less than 10% by weight of at least one gas-releasing material, inactive below an activation temperature of at least 400° C. The gas releasing material may include carbonate, nitrate, iodate, bromate, chlorate, fluoride, manganate, dimanganate and sulfate compounds. The firing temperature is chosen to be above the activation temperature of the gas-releasing material, above which the gas-releasing material yields gas bubbles and above a temperature that causes the glass frit particles to behave as a viscous liquid.

Abstract: A foaming process for preparing wafer-level glass micro-cavities that include, etching silicon trenches on a Si wafer through Si micro-machining process; placing high-temperature outgassing agent in the silicon trenches; bonding the Si wafer with a piece of glass wafer by anodic bonding to form sealing cavities; heating up the bonded wafer, and holding the temperature the high-temperature outgassing agent such that the molten glass corresponding to the sealing cavities deforms and structures corresponding to the silicon trenches are formed in the glass; cooling down to obtain wafer-level glass micro-flow channels.

Abstract: A method of making a foamed glass composite, including crushing a vitreous precursor material, such as waste glass, frit, metallurgical slag or the like, sizing the crushed vitreous precursor to segregate an amount of crushed particles of a predetermined size and pelletizing the crushed particles. The pellets are preheated and passed through a high-temperature zone to foam the pellets. The foamed pellets are rapidly quenched to a temperature below their dilatometric softening point and then cooled to room temperature. The high temperature zone is at least about 1200° C. and the pellets are preheated to within no more than about 25° C. of their dilatometric softening point. The pellets are quenched to partially or completely avoid annealing and have increased hardness and compressive strength as a consequence, as well as a preferred failure mode under compression and torsional loads of crushing/shattering.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating dimensional silica-based substrates or structures comprising a porous silicon layers are contemplated. According to one embodiment, oxygen is extracted from the atomic elemental composition of a silica glass substrate by reacting a metallic gas with the substrate in a heated inert atmosphere to form a metal-oxygen complex along a surface of the substrate. The metal-oxygen complex is removed from the surface of the silica glass substrate to yield a crystalline porous silicon surface portion and one or more additional layers are formed over the crystalline porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate to yield a dimensional silica-based substrate or structure comprising the porous silicon layer. Embodiments are also contemplated where the substrate is glass-based, but is not necessarily a silica-based glass substrate. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optically transparent glass foam or glass-ceramic foam as well as to a method for the production of an optically transparent glass foam or glass-ceramic foam. A method is described for the production of optically transparent foams, wherein the following steps are conducted: a) Mixing of pre-ceramic Si polymer, glass powder and glass converter; b) Heating of the mixture to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the pre-ceramic Si polymer with the formation of a foam; c) Heating the obtained foam to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the pre-ceramic Si polymer; d) Heating the obtained product to a temperature between 700° C. and 1400° C. with the formation of glass; and e) Cooling the thus-obtained product to ambient temperature.

Abstract: Task of the invention is a method and the required auxiliary devices for producing foamed glass, in particular for producing foamed glass plate. The method is characterized by several steps. In step 1, the raw mixture (1) is supplied from a mixture container (2) via an application apparatus (3) and applied to a glass fleece strip (4) in the form of segments (5). The glass fleece strip (4) lies on a linked chain. The application height is adjusted by a wiper (6). In step 2, the segments (5) on the glass fleece strip (4) pass through the expansion oven (7) with various heat zones (8). In step 3 at the end of the expansion oven (7) pre-cooling takes place. The externally hardened segments (5) are tilted onto a cross slide (10) and transported into an annealing lehr (11). Specific auxiliary devices are an application apparatus (3), a special expansion oven (7) and equipment for transporting foamed glass blocks during the production of foamed glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a porous glass construct with interconnected porosity, the resulting porous construct and its use as a macroporous scaffold in bone repair and regeneration.

Abstract: A glass preform manufacturing method includes: generating glass fine particles by hydrolyzing a source gas in an oxyhydrogen flame; depositing the generated glass fine particles to form a torous glass preform; immersing the porous glass preform in an additive solution including an additive solvent in which a compound containing a desired additive is dissolved to impregnate the additive solution into the porous glass preform; first replacing of replacing the additive solvent remaining in the porous glass preform with the replacement solvent by immersing the porous glass preform in which the additive solution remains in a replacement solvent in which a solubility of the additive is lower than that in the additive solvent and having miscibility with the additive solvent; drying the porous glass preform after the first replacing; and sintering the dried porous glass preform to transparently vitrify the dried porous glass preform.

Abstract: A method for producing a porous fireproof material suitable for glass production, comprising introducing one or more reducing substances for adjusting an oxygen sink in the pore volume of the fireproof material.

Abstract: A method of making a closed-cell silica foam glass is provided which can include diffusing a substance into a porous glass substrate to form an impregnated substrate, sealing the impregnated glass substrate and heating to a first temperature, wherein the pressure is greater than one atmosphere, heating the container to a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than first temperature, removing the solid glass, non-porous substrate, and heating the solid glass, non-porous substrate to a third temperature to soften the solid glass, non-porous substrate and thereby expand the solid glass, non-porous substrate. A closed-cell silica foam product is provided which can have a closed-cell structure and high temperature insulating property.

Abstract: There is provided a burner for producing glass fine particles, including: a glass material gas discharge port; a combustible gas discharge port that is provided so as to surround the glass material gas discharge port, a center of the combustible gas discharge port being positioned on a center of the glass material gas discharge port; and a plurality of small-diameter oxidizing gas discharge ports that are provided within the combustible gas discharge port in one or more concentric circles with respect to the glass material gas discharge port.

Abstract: Provided is a burner for manufacturing a porous glass base material, the burner having: a glass raw material gas ejection port; a burnable gas ejection port provided around and centered on the glass raw material gas ejection port; and one or more sequences of small diameter auxiliary gas ejection ports provided inside the burnable gas ejection port, to be coaxial with respect to the glass raw material gas ejection port, where in each of the sequences, the small diameter auxiliary gas ejection ports have the same focal length as each other, and have a concave portion at an end surface thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a synthetic quartz glass for excimer laser by depositing on a target silica particulates obtained by subjecting a silica raw material to vapor-phase hydrolysis or oxidative decomposition in an oxyhydrogen flame in a vacuum sintering furnace to form a porous silica base material, vitrifying the porous silica base material, and subjecting the vitrified material to hot forming, an annealing treatment and a hydrogen doping treatment, wherein the vitrification of the porous silica base material includes: (a) a step of holding a vacuum pressure at or below 20.0 Pa in a temperature range from 400° C., inclusive, to 900° C., exclusive; (b) a step of holding a vacuum pressure at or below 10.0 Pa in a temperature range from 900° C., inclusive, to 1100° C., exclusive; and (c) a step of holding a vacuum pressure at or below 3.0 Pa in a temperature range from 1100° C. to a transparent-vitrification temperature.

Abstract: A method for forming microspheres on a microscopic level comprises the steps of defining holes through a substrate, disposing a sheet of thermally formable material onto the substrate covering the holes, heating the sheet of thermally formable material until a predetermined degree of plasticity is achieved, applying fluidic pressure through the holes to the sheet of thermally formable material, while the sheet of glass is still plastic, and forming microspheres on the substrate in the sheet of thermally formable material by means of continued application of pressure for a predetermined time. The invention also includes a substrate having a plurality of holes defined therethrough, a layer of thermally formable material disposed onto the substrate covering the plurality of holes, and a plurality of microspheres thermally formed in the layer by means of applied pressure through the holes when it has been heated to a predetermined degree of plasticity.

Abstract: A method of producing antimicrobial or antibacterial glass particles, wherein known starting materials are fused, broken or powdered, fed to an extruder, fused therein with addition of defined dose of foaming agents, the foaming agents being introduced into the molten glass by the building pressure, the molten glass being then foamed to give a closed-pore foam on a subsequent pressure reduction to increase surface area and the foam subsequently subjected to a comminution process. The glass particles generated in the comminution process become antimicrobial or antibacterial during an ion exchange or the antimicrobial or antibacterial properties thereof are increased as a result of the ion exchange.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a porous glass base material by using a porous glass base material manufacturing burner having an oxidizing gas discharge port. The method includes supplying a gas mixture obtained by blending together an oxidizing gas and an inert gas to the oxidizing gas discharge port at a start of deposition of a glass fine particle, and increasing a flow rate of the oxidizing gas supplied to the oxidizing gas discharge port while decreasing a flow rate of the inert gas supplied to the oxidizing gas discharge port.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are foam glasses and compositions comprising such foam glasses, which can be used, for example, in structural applications. The foam glass can have one or more properties, such as a density ranging from about 20 Ib/ft3 to about 100 Ib/ft3, a compressive strength of at least about 650 psi, and an alumina content of at least about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the foam glass. Also disclosed are methods for preparing foam glasses.

Abstract: A method of making a foamed glass body, including preparing an admixture of powdered glass, at least one carbonate based foaming agent, and at least devitrification inhibitor, heating the admixture to a first temperature to soften the glass, heating the admixture to a second, higher temperature to foam the softened glass into a foamed glass body, and cooling the foamed glass body. The crystal silica content of the so-formed foamed glass body is less than 1 weight percent.

Abstract: A porous glass plant growth support structure, including a porous glass substrate and a plurality of interconnected pores distributed throughout the substrate. The substrate is typically formed from foamed glass and/or fused glass spheres and is characterized by a porosity of at least about 80 percent. The pore size is substantially between about 0.2 and about 5 millimeters and the substrate is sufficiently chemically stable such that water filling the plurality of interconnected pores experiences a pH shift of less than 0.5.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing anti-microbial glass particles where anti-microbial glasses or known substances for anti-microbial glasses are melted, broken or pulverized and put into an extruder in this form. In addition, heavy metals or other anti-microbial effective substances are put into the extruder, where they are melted or smelted and mixed with the anti-microbial glass and, after cooling, the additionally added heavy metals or other anti-microbial effective substances are present in the anti-microbial glass in crystalline or in the original condition, whereby they are enveloped and evenly distributed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a self-foamed porous ceramic composition and a method for making a porous ceramic using the self-foamed porous ceramic composition. The self-foamed porous ceramic is obtained by fabricating a glass consisting of 41˜47 mole % of calcium oxide (CaO), 41˜47 mole % of silica (SiO2) and 6˜18 mole % of borate (B2O3), pulverizing the glass into a finely-divided glass powder having an average particle size of 1˜10 ?m, molding the glass powder, and sintering the molded glass powder.

Abstract: These glass bodies are light weight porous structures such as a boules of high purity fused silica (HPFS). More specifically, the porous structures are supports for HPFS mirror blanks. Porous glass is made utilizing flame deposition of pure silica or doped silica in a manner similar to the production of high purity fused silica. Bubbles or seeds are formed in the glass during laydown. Finely divided silicon carbide (SiC) particles are used to form the bubbles. At least one layer of porous glass is formed in the boule.

Abstract: A method of preparing a low-density material and precursor for forming a low-density material is provided. An aqueous mixture of inorganic primary component and a blowing agent is formed, the mixture is dried and optionally ground to form an expandable precursor. Such a precursor is then fired with activation of the blowing agent being controlled such that it is activated within a predetermined optimal temperature range. Control of the blowing agent can be accomplished via a variety of means including appropriate distribution throughout the precursor, addition of a control agent into the precursor, or modification of the firing conditions such as oxygen deficient or fuel rich environment, plasma heating etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a photonic crystal preform using a pore former in combination with silica particles and a binder to form a paste that can be extruded into a greenware body. The pore former can be removed from the greenware body by heating. The brownware body resulting from the heating step has a high porosity that facilitates the removal of impurities, including OH, during subsequent cleansing and sintering stages. The methods disclosed allow the manufacture of relatively large photonic crystals and are flexible enough to provide a periodic array of channels or passageways as the crystal features.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing lightweight ceramics by mixing several raw materials such as a powdered glass material, a powdered alkali silicate, and a water-soluble polymer in a certain proportion to form a dry substrate, and then adding water to mold the substrate into a desired shape; after the water in the substrate is baked dry, heat the substrate until the ceramic is formed. The oxide and hydroxide in the alkali silicate are used to lower the softening point of the powdered glass material, and when the powdered glass material is in the semi fluid state, the air and crystal water brought by the alkali silicate will expand and form air bubbles due to the high temperature.

Abstract: Techniques for producing a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores, employing steps of filling polymerizable glass precursors into pores in a polymeric structure having interconnected macroscopic pores; polymerizing the precursors; and decomposing the polymers to produce a glass oxide structure having interconnected macroscopic pores. Further techniques employ steps of exposing portions of a photosensitive medium including glass precursors to an optical interference pattern; polymerizing or photodeprotecting the exposed portions and removing unpolymerized or deprotected portions; and decomposing the polymerized or deprotected portions to produce a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores. Techniques for filling pores of such glass structure with a material having a high refractive index, and for then removing the glass structure.

Abstract: A method of producing a foamed glass composite panel is provided. Glass and 0.1-20.0% by weight of at least one non-sulfur based foaming agent are mixed together, and the mixture is heated to a temperature sufficient to foam it. The foamed mixture is cooled to form at least one foamed glass substrate. During or after the cooling step, material is bonded or attached to at least one side of the foamed glass substrate to form a composite panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a self-foamed porous ceramic composition and a method for making a porous ceramic using the self-foamed porous ceramic composition. The self-foamed porous ceramic is obtained by fabricating a glass consisting of 41˜47 mole % of calcium oxide (CaO), 41˜47 mole % of silica (SiO2) and 6˜18 mole % of borate (B2O3), pulverizing the glass into a finely-divided glass powder having an average particle size of 1˜10 &mgr;m, molding the glass powder, and sintering the molded glass powder.

Abstract: A method for forming EUV LITHOGRAPHY GLASS STRUCTURES WITH VOIDS is disclosed which includes forming a slurry mixture including silica soot particles, and inserting the slurry mixture into a casting mold. The method provides low weight mass reduced rigid glass structures with beneficial thermal stability. The casting mold includes therein a casting form. The casting form is adapted to provide selected geometry void spaces within the glass lithography structure. The slurry mixture is dried to form a green ware object. The casting form is removed from the green ware and the green ware object is consolidated into a lithography glass structure with voids.