Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the hot shaping of molten gobs on a mold base by interposing a gas bed, comprising the following method steps.

Abstract: A method for making working mold tools for use in a compression molding process for molding optical glass elements from high temperature glasses having Tg's in the range of from about 400° C. to about 850° C. An yttria aluminosilicate glass is fabricated by traditional melting and casting processes to thereby make an amorphous base material having a minimum apparent viscosity of 1015 poise at the temperature at which the optical glass elements are to be molded. A mold preform is made from the base material. A first surface figure for the optical element to be molded with the working mold tool is defined. A second surface figure for a master mold tool and a third surface figure for the working mold tool are computed based upon the first surface figure and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the optical element, the master mold tool, and the working mold tool, the temperature at which the working mold tool is molded, and the temperature at which the optical element is to be molded.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a 2-5 inch diameter glass substrate for a magnetic disc in which a plate glass is press molded using a mold formed of a super-hard material and having a surface of a prescribed roughness. Ion implantation using nitrogen ions is performed on the surface of the mold, after which ion implantation using palladium ions, platinum ions, and carbon ions is performed in the order given. Finally, the surface of the mold is coated with a graphite or amorphous diamond-like carbon coating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a 1-inch diameter glass substrate for a magnetic disc in which a plate glass is press molded using a mold formed of a super-hard material and having a surface of a prescribed roughness. Ion implantation using nitrogen ions is performed on the surface of the mold, after which ion implantation using palladium ions, platinum ions, and carbon ions is performed in the order given. Finally, the surface of the mold is coated with a graphite or amorphous diamond-like carbon coating.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for delivering molten thermoplastic material from one chamber to another through a throat in a refractory wall separating said chambers. A refractory metal conduit is positioned within said refractory throat below the level of the floor of said chambers, and standpipes at each end of said conduit extending above the level of said floors, create stagnant thermoplastic material about the conduit so as to prevent corrosion products from flowing away from about the conduit and thereby also preventing fresh thermoplastic from replacing it. The stagnant material becomes enriched with corrosion products, which with the absence of flow retards further corrosion of the refractory about the conduit.

Abstract: A mold has a moling surface of a material containing silicon carbide and/or silicon nitride as a main component and a carbon thin film formed on the molding surface to prevent fusion sticking. A glass substance which has a sag point not higher than 565.degree. C. and a predetermined composition free from arsenic oxide is introduced into the mold. The glass substance is press-formed in a heated and softened condition into a glass optical element of high precision.

Abstract: A press-molding die comprises a base material, an intermediate layer formed on a surface of the base material and a protective layer formed on the intermediate layer. The base material comprises an inorganic oxide. The intermediate layer comprises a material that adheres to both the base material and the protective layer and is heat resistant at high temperatures wherein the die is used. The protective layer comprises at least one metal film selected from the group consisting of tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), rhenium (Re), tantalum (Ta) and alloys thereof.

Abstract: A method for lubricating glass contacting surfaces of glass forming equipment is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of delivering MAPD gas to a venturi at a low pressure, preferably below 10 p.s.i., and delivering oxygen to the venturi at a lower pressure, usually half or less than half of the pressure at which the MAPD gas is delivered to the venturi. The MAPD gas and the oxygen are mixed in the venturi and delivered to and through a nozzle which is directed toward a glass contacting surface. The mixture is ignited as it leaves the nozzle; its flow is controlled so that the temperature of the flame is between approximately 1500 and 1800 degrees K. By controlling the temperature of the flame, the method is operable to deposit on the glass contacting surface a lubricating coating of graphite including a substantial percentage of flat plate graphite.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass container and an apparatus therefor capable of providing the container by pressing of a glass substrate using a die while keeping the glass substrate uniformly heated and softened. The glass substrate is heated while being kept lifted from a lower mold of a forming die and then subject to integral forming by the forming die. This permits the glass substrate to be integrally formed into the glass container in the form of a finished product, resulting in the number of steps and time required for processing being reduced.

Abstract: A die for press-molding glass optical elements comprising (a) a base material having heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand press-molding of optical glass elements; (b) a film on said base material comprising an alloy film containing B and one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe, and one metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir, to form a cutting layer; and (c) a surface protective layer on top of said cutting layer made of an alloy film comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Os, Ru, Re, W, and Ta.

Abstract: A mold for forming glass, which comprises a mold body made of stainless steel and having a mold surface comprising a sidewall portion and a face portion continuous from the sidewall portion, a coating film of ductile material formed on the sidewall portion, and a coating film of high hardness material having oxidation resistance, formed on the face portion.

Abstract: A blank mold sooting process in which a lubricating or detaching layer is formed on the internal walls of the blank mold, by igniting an acetylene flow with piezoelectric electrodes, a voltaic arc generator, or an electrical resistance. The process is performed utilizing, for example, a blow mold and an invert, and the invert can be utilized to transfer a collar from the blank mold to the blow mold.

Abstract: A spray device which is provided with a nozzle for spraying a lubricant is arranged in proximity to a bottom mold and/or a plunger, and the nozzle is operated and controlled by a control device to spray the lubricant on a mold surface of the bottom mold and/or the plunger.

Abstract: Apparatus which is disclosed comprises a metal mold, a metal plunger and an annular manifold, and includes means for moving the plunger and the manifold between an open position in which the manifold surrounds the plunger and a gob of softened glass can be introduced into the mold and a closed position in which the manifold surrounds the plunger and the latter forms, with the mold and the manifold, a cavity in which a glass part can be formed. The manifold and the plunger have facing walls which are above the mold cavity, have portions which are in close fitting sliding engagement, and, thereabove, portions which diverge away from one another and form an annular space.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a metal mold for glass, which needs not apply any swab in molding of glass, enabling no-swabbing glass forming. The alloy for the mold comprises by weight Cu: 10 to 80%, Al: 4 to 11%, Cr: 3 to 16%, Ni: 2 to 36%, and at least one rare earth element: 0.02 to 2.0% with the balance consisting of Fe and further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ti: Al%.times.0.5 to 2, V: Al%.times.0.2 to 1, Zr: Al%.times.0.1 to 0.3, and Nb: Al%.times.0.1 to 0.3. The alloy is gradually cooled from the solidification initiation temperature to 50.degree. C. at a cooling rate of 10.degree. C./ min. The surface of the mold is coated with an Al-containing coating or roughened to an average roughness of 0.3 to 5 .mu.m. A solid lubricating film is provided in a fitting portion of the mold, or alternatively a self-lubricating solid is embedded in the fitting portion of the mold.

Abstract: Molds for press molding an optical element of glass are disclosed. Proposed are: (1) A mold contains oxygen at the interface between a mold base of the mold and a carbon film formed at least on the molding surface of the mold base with an oxygen amount of 0-10 atom % and with the interface of a width of 0-500 .ANG., (2) a mold subjected to carbon ion injection at least on the molding surface of the mold base, and (3) a mold subjected to ion injection during or after formation of a carbon film at least on the molding surface of the mold base material.

Abstract: A spray device which is provided with a nozzle for spraying a lubricant is arranged in proximity to a bottom mold and/or a plunger, and the nozzle is operated and controlled by a control device to spray the lubricant on a mold surface of the bottom mold and/or the plunger.

Abstract: A parallel shear apparatus (20) for simultaneously shearing a plurality of streams of molten glass (A, B, C) into gobs including opposed carriages (22, 24) which are repetitively moved along rectilinear opposed paths toward and away from one another. Each of the carriages carries a plurality of shear blades (40a, 40b, 40c/42a, 42b, 42c) which cooperate with one another to shear the glass streams into gobs when the carriages are positioned close to one another. The shear blades carried by each of the carriages have internal flow passages (66) to permit the blades to be internally liquid cooled by liquid entering the carriages from inlet lines (52, 56), and the blades carried by one of the carriages (22) are biased by compression springs (82) into contact with the blades carried by the other carriage (24) to prevent excessive contact loads between the blades in their shearing positions. A contact lubricator (88) is provided to lubricate the contact surfaces of the blades carried by one of the carriages (22).

Abstract: A method of producing a sintered glass article from a fritted glass body, and preventing the body from adhering to a refractory carrier during the sintering step which comprises coating the refractory carrier with a thin, continuous layer of yttrium oxide.

Abstract: An improved tool is provided for pressing glass into a precision optical element having a strong concave surface. The tool is selected from ceramic and metal materials having coefficients of thermal expansion greater than the coefficient of the pressed glass. Preferred tools include a base material selected from Invar, steel and alumina with a surface layer selected from alumina, zirconia, chromium oxide and chromium carbide, having a finished thickness in the range between ten to two thousand angstroms.

Abstract: A method of press-molding glass optical elements by press-molding glass, having a high melting point, at a temperature of 650.degree. C. and higher using a die for press-molding glass optical elements which includes a base material having a heat resistance and sufficient strength to withstand press-molding of optical glass elements, a cutting layer on the base material, and a surface protective layer on the cutting layer. The cutting layer is formed of an alloy film containing P and one metal selected from the group Ni, Co, and Fe, and one metal from the group Si, Ti, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir, or an alloy film containing Cu and 20 to 80 atom % of one metal selected from the group Ni, Co, Fe, Si, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir, or an alloy film containing Si and 20 to 80 atom % of one metal selected from the group Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir.

Abstract: A glass making apparatus adapted to deposit a lubricating/detaching layer of carbon black obtained from acetylene cracking on the internal walls of a blank mold (1, 18). The glass making apparatus includes a blank mold (1, 18) having an open top and an open bottom (10); a collar (6) sized, shaped, and positioned to selectively plug the open bottom (10) of the blank mold (1, 18) during a glass forming process and to disengage from the open bottom (10) of the blank mold (1, 18) during a blank mold sooting process; a ring (7) disposed in the collar (6); a plunger (8, 14) sized, shaped, and positioned to selectively move up into the collar (6) and down out of the collar (6); and a sleeve (9) surrounding the plunger (8, 14).

Abstract: A parallel shear apparatus (20) for simultaneously shearing a plurality of streams of molten glass (A, B, C) into gobs comprising opposed carriages (22, 24) which are repetitively moved along rectilinear opposed paths toward and away from one another. Each of the carriages carries a plurality of shear blades (40a, 40b, 40c/42a, 42b, 42c) which cooperate with one another to shear the glass streams into gobs when the carriages are positioned close to one another. The shear blades carried by each of the carriages have internal flow passages (66) to permit the blades to be internally liquid cooled by liquid entering the carriages from inlet lines (52, 56), and the blades carried by one of the carriages (22) are biased by compression springs (82) into contact with the blades carried by the other carriage (24) to prevent excessive contact loads between the blades in their shearing positions.

Abstract: A mold for press molding an optical element of glass has carbon atoms injected in amounts from 10.sup.15 to 10.sup.18 ion/cm.sup.2 into a molding surface of a mold base of the mold and subjected to further treatment to form on the molding surface a diamond film, a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film, a hard carbon film or a mixture of at least two such films. The film on the molding surface can be formed by heat treatment and, additionally, by irradiation with hydrogen plasma, after carbon ion injection.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of reducing marking of a heat softened glass sheet which results when portions of the sheet are contacted by glass sheet handling equipment. The portions of the sheet susceptible to marking are sprayed with an inert material having a melting point and decomposition temperature of at least 1200.degree. F. to form a layer that protects the sheet portion against marking from the equipment. In one particular embodiment of the invention, the lower major surface of a glass sheet is sprayed with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate to form a layer of sodium sulfate along the glass surface which protect against marking of the glass by conveyor rolls.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a glass to reduce or remove its wettability by gallium is provided, wherein the glass is treated with a silyling agent. Also is provided an apparatus comprising at least one hollow element containing a gallium or gallium based alloy or in which a gallium or gallium based alloy can circulate, wherein the glass forming the hollow element has been treated using the process. The apparatus may be thermometer, barometer or electric switch.

Abstract: A die for press-molding glass optical elements which can press-mold glass optical elements having high melting points and various shapes repeatedly, which includes a base material having high strength on which a cutting layer having heat resistance and free cutting machinability is formed. After cutting the cutting layer into the desired shape with high accuracy, the die is coated with a surface protective film.

Abstract: A method for lubricating glass contacting surfaces of glass forming equipment is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of delivering MAPD gas to a venturi at a low pressure, preferably below 10 p.s.i., and delivering oxygen to the venturi at a lower pressure, usually is half or less than half of the pressure at which the MAPD gas is delivered to the venturi. The MAPD gas and the oxygen are mixed in the venturi and delivered to and through a nozzle which is directed toward a glass contacting surface. The mixture is ignited as it leaves the nozzle; its flow is controlled so that the temperature of the flame is between approximately 1500 and 1800 degrees K. By controlling the temperature of the flame, the method is operable to deposit on the glass contacting surface a lubricating coating of graphite including a substantial percentage of flat plate graphite.

Abstract: A temperature resistant material consisting of fiber-reinforced glass and fiber-reinforced ceramics, respectively, is described as asbestos substitute in devices for handling hot glass, glass ceramics and ceramics objects.

Abstract: A glass forming mold which comprises a substrate made of stainless steel and a coating comprising the following components formed as the outermost surface coating on the substrate: (1) from 40 to 94 wt % of nickel and/or cobalt as component A; (2) from 5 to 59 wt % of tungsten as component B; and (3) from 0.5 to 40 wt % of at least one transition element having a melting point of at least 2,200.degree. C. as component C.

Abstract: Glass sheets which have been heated to bending temperature are bent by passing the glass sheets over a shaping bed having a substantially circular or substantially conical profile of revolution as seen in the longitudinal direction of the shaping bed. The shaping bed is composed of an assembly of revolving elements adapted for driving the glass sheets and at least one hot air cushion acting on the glass sheets in the first part of the bending zone.

Abstract: A mold for use for press-molding an optical element, in which a molding surface of a mold base material is coated with a hard carbon film containing 0-5 atom% of hydrogen. It has a spin density of 1.times.10.sup.18 spin/cm.sup.3 or less and a film density of at least 1.5 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A method for preparing a silica glass article of improved purity is provided. The article is prepared by a sol-gel method and is then heat treated to a selected temperature between about 1500.degree. and 2200.degree. C. and maintained at the selected temperature for a predetermined period of time sufficient to remove silica crystals, inclusions, microcracks and bubbles. The resulting silica glass articles have improved purity and can be used as photomask substrates or as preforms for optical fibers.

Abstract: This specification discloses a mold for use for press-molding an optical element, characterized in that at least the molding surface of a mold base material is coated with an a-C:H film containing 5-40 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a film density of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and with hard carbon film containing 0-5 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a spin density of 1.times.10.sup.18 spin/cm.sup.3 or less and a film density of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: A die for press-molding an optical element with high precision comprises a base material made of a material excellent in heat resistance, heat shock resistance and mechanical strength at high temperature, an intermediate layer formed on the base material and made of a thin film excellent in grinding machinability and cutting machinability, and a surface protective layer formed on the intermediate layer and made of a metal thin film excellent in heat resistance and mechanical strength at high temperature and less reactive to a material of the optical element. Additional thin film may be inserted between the base material and the intermediate layer so as to enhance the adhesion strength between the base material and the intermediate layer. In place of the additional thin film to be inserted, a peripheral flange part of the intermediate layer is removed and thus on the removed peripheral part, the surface protective layer is directly adhered to the base material.

Abstract: In a device for producing mold glass bodies, a molding cavity is defined by two mold halves and by two mouth ring halves. One single nozzle head is used for spraying a lubricant on both the inner faces of the mold halves and the connection faces of the mouth ring halves which are to contact the mold halves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mold for producing glass articles comprising a glass-made mold base, an intermediate layer formed by a silicon carbide and/or silicon nitride film, and an uppermost layer formed by a carbon film. Since the mold for producing glass articles exhibits an excellent bonding between the glass-made mold base and the uppermost layer formed by the carbon film, peeling of the uppermost layer can be prevented. Therefore, the function of the uppermost layer as an adhesion-prevention layer against the glass to be molded can be exhibited for a long time, causing an economic advantage since the life of the mold can be lengthened. In addition, since the maximum surface roughness of the working surface of the mold can be reduced and the surface shape accuracy can be maintained, a molded glass article exhibits excellent surface accuracy without optical defects.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass container by the steps of (a) providing a plunger with two portions, one portion having a sprayed metal coating of self-fluxing alloy and the second portion having a ceramic coating, (b) forming a lubrication carbon layer on surfaces of molds including a blank mold and a neck ring by periodically injecting flames of at least one kind of gaseous hydrocarbon having a carbon to hydrogen ratio more than 0.75, (c) supplying a gobbet of glass to the blank mold; (d) producing the parison from the gobbet of glass, using the plunger, the blank mold and the neck ring; and (e) blow-forming the parison to a glass container of a final configuration.

Abstract: An assembly structure and a method for making a ceramic lid for a hermetically sealed package for an EPROM circuit are disclosed. The assembly structure includes, in combination, a ceramic lid, a UV transparent lens, and two fixtures for supporting the lens in the lid. The two fixtures are configured to contact the lens only at predetermined areas which are not crucial to UV transparency. The UV transparent lens is hermetically sealed to the ceramic lid by firing the assembly structure. The assembly structure prevents the lens from attracting foreign particulate matter during firing, thereby leaving the surfaces of the lens clean. The method provides a ceramic lid having a UV transparent lens hermetically sealed thereto, which finds wide use in integrated circuit packages for high-density EPROM's because of the untainted surfaces of the lens.

Abstract: This specification discloses a mold for use for press-molding an optical element, characterized in that at least the molding surface of a mold base material is coated with an a-C:H film containing 5-40 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a film density of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more. Other mold coating films also disclosed are a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film with an intermediate carbide layer between the film and the molding surface, and a hard carbon film containing 0-5 atom % of hydrogen therein and having a spin density of 1.times.10.sup.18 spin/cm.sup.3 or less and a film densisy of 1.5 g/cm.sup.3 or more.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying lubricant onto a molding die in a glass bottle making machine, including a spraying nozzle for spraying a mist of lubricant mixed with air onto an inner surface of the molding die, located on a guide rail above an array of a plurality of molding dies, and a cylinder which is connected to the spraying nozzle to reciprocally move the spraying nozzle between a spraying position directly above the molding die and an inoperative position apart from the spraying position.

Abstract: A spherulizing furnace for manufacturing vitreous beads, including a chamber; means for heating the chamber; feed means for delivering a particulate feedstock to one end of the chamber; and means for collecting vitreous beads from another end of the chamber, wherein the chamber includes a pair of opposed walls which are spaced apart by a distance less than their breadth and which are angled to the horizontal so that the chamber has an upper end and a lower end, the feed means is arranged to deliver feedstock to the upper end of the chamber so that the feedstock can pass through the chamber under gravity, and the means for heating the chamber is arranged to heat at least one wall of the pair of opposed walls so that feedstock passing between the pair of opposed walls is heated by radiant heat.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low expansion glass-ceramic substrate for supporting a glass multifocal lens assembly during a fusing or sagging heat treatment. The substrate has baked on its supporting surface a paint composed essentially of titania, alumina and a mica.

Abstract: A glassware molding machine having a parison molding portion and a container body molding portion includes a spray apparatus with a spray head that is operatively attached to a spray spindle. Vaporized lubricant is sprayed radially outward from the spray head while the spray head is rotated and moved upwardly through the molding cavity. The automatic cycle of the glassware molding machine is interrupted while the mold halves are closed so that the lubricant is not deposited onto mating surfaces of the mold halves; a barrier of air is provided to prevent lubricant from being deposited onto the parison plunger; a collection system is provided to capture exhaust materials from the application of lubricant to the hot mold surfaces; and provision is made for depositing a heavier layer of lubricant, or a different lubricant, on a selected surface of the molding cavity.

Abstract: This invention relates to rigid molded tong inserts for take-out tong members for handling hot glass articles and the like immediately following their molding. The inserts are utilized in pairs being heat and wear-resistant with exposed metallic working surfaces substantially surrounded by molded thermoset-hardened heat-cured insulating plastic material. The inserts have essentially flat parallel surfaces with a metallic reinforcing member integrally molded therewithin, the metallic reinforcing member having a semi-circular shaped exposed working surface adapted to directly contacting the finish area of the hot glass articles and a diametrically-disposed exposed flanged working surface adapted to non-wearing support within a retaining metallic take-out tong member.

Abstract: Lubrication of the parison moulds of a hollow glassware moulding machine is carried out utilizing a spray device in which the discharge of pressurized air from a narrow opening is arranged to entrain surrounding atmospheric air. Liquid lubricant is discharged through a respective opening into this entrained air. Such spray devices have been found to be effective in spraying lubricant down into relatively deep moulds.

Abstract: Boron nitride, in its soft or "graphitic" form is utilized as a high-temperature lubricant in an oxidizing atmosphere. A particular application for the lubricant is on or in flexible, ceramic-fiber side seals on a continuous glass coating apparatus and the moving edges of glass itself, thereby minimizing any flow to or from the reactor of gaseous reactants.

Abstract: In a device for producing mold glass bodies, a molding cavity is defined by two mold halves and by two mouth ring halves. One single nozzle head is used for spraying a lubricant on both the inner faces of the mold halves and the connection faces of the mouth ring halves which are to contact the mold halves.

Abstract: A solid film lubricant composition for hot glass contacting surfaces of glass handling equipment and metal molds used in manufacturing glass articles. The solid film lubricant composition is a solution of a solvent, graphite, a solvent-soluble, further curable organopolysiloxane, and NaOH to make the solution alkaline. The solution is easily sprayed on hot glass contacting surfaces such as the interior of the molds to form a coating that is curable at room temperature.

Abstract: Process for lubricating a surface for the manufacture of a glass object, in which a layer of lubricant is periodically deposited on the surface.This layer of lubricant is produced with the aid of a source of heat such as an oxyfuel flame having a temperature higher than 2000.degree. K. through which there is injected during a given period of time a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons comprising at least 15% of a constituent in respect of which the ratio .[.fo.]. .Iadd.of .Iaddend.the number .[.oc.]. .Iadd.of .Iaddend.carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms C/H is higher than 0.75. The rate of injection of the hydrocarbon through the flame and the temperature of the latter are controlled in such manner as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous particles capable of burning in the air when they are deposited on the glass object when the latter is still hot.