Abstract: A solid film lubricant composition for hot glass contacting surfaces of glass handling equipment and metal molds used in manufacturing glass articles. The solid film lubricant composition is a solution of a solvent, graphite, a solvent-soluble, further curable organopolysiloxane, and NaOH to make the solution alkaline. The solution is easily sprayed on hot glass contacting surfaces such as the interior of the molds to form a coating that is curable at room temperature.

Abstract: In the production of moulded glass articles, difficulty arises from the risks of adhesion of the glass to the surfaces of the mould, which is made unserviceable, at least for a time. A permanent anti-adherent coating for glassmaking moulds is provided on the mould cavity surfaces, by a metal layer comprising a molybdenum alloy containing 30 to 55% Mo and less than 4% iron. The metal layer may also contain nickel and chromium in significant quantities.

Abstract: Process for lubricating a surface for the manufacture of a glass object, in which a layer of lubricant is periodically deposited on the surface.This layer of lubricant is produced with the aid of a source of heat such as an oxyfuel flame having a temperature higher than 2000.degree. K. through which there is injected during a given period of time a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons comprising at least 15% of a constituent in respect of which the ratio fo the number oc carbon atoms to the number of hydrogen atoms C/H is higher than 0.75. The rate of injection of the hydrocarbon through the flame and the temperature of the latter are controlled in such manner as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous particles capable of burning in the air when they are deposited on the glass object when the latter is still hot.

Abstract: A method of making a windshield is disclosed. A first glass template (10) is cut. An opaque material is bonded to a surface of the glass template. A conductive material is bonded to portions of the opaque and portions of the surface of the glass template to form electrically conductive terminals. A slippage inducing material is placed on portions of the opaque area not having electrically conductive terminal material thereon. A second glass template (24) is cut. The first and second glass templates are placed in a glass bending device (26). The glass templates are bent with the electrically conductive terminal areas and slippage inducing material permitting relative movement between the templates during the bending thereof without the production of glass chips. The first and second glass templates are separated and an electrically conductive coating is applied between terminal areas of opposite polarity on the first glass template.

Abstract: A mold for press-molding glass elements comprising a base member made of a super hard alloy or a cermet; at least one intermediate layer made of a nitride, a carbide, an oxide or a metal, provided on the base member; and a noble metal layer provided on the intermediate layer for forming a mold surface. An active metal contained in the base member is prevented from diffusing to the mold surface by the presence of the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A glass optical element is directly press-molded by a method using a noble mold. The mold comprises a base material and a press surface film formed on the base material. The press surface film is an Ir film, or a Ru film, or an alloy film comprising Ir and at least a member selected from the group consisting of Pt, Re, Os, Rh and Ru, or an alloy film comprising Ru and at least a member selected from the group consisting of Pt, Re, Os and Rh.

Abstract: Two fixed heads are used to lubricate a split-mold. The heads do not interfere with the movements of the mold and are effective to inject a jet of a gas that forms a powdery carbonaceous material. When the mold is open, the injection axis of each head is just about in line with the axis of the associated half-casting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a molding method for producing an optical glass element which comprises the steps of preparing a mold coated with a thin film of a noble metal alloy, and molding optical glass into the form of an optical glass element by using the mold while applying heat and pressure to the optical glass. Further disclosed is such a mold that is coated with a thin film of a noble metal alloy, for producing an optical glass element.

Abstract: Apparatus for spraying lubricant into closed moulds of a glass forming machine has the spray outlets on a carrier structure which is pivoted on the funnel arm shaft of the machine. For lubrication a pneumatic cylinder couples it to its support, fast with the funnel arm shaft so that the carrier and spray outlets are moved over the moulds. During a moulding cycle the carrier is held back inoperative by a spring so the funnels can be used normally. A method of moulding glass parisons includes selectively moving the carrier structure and spray outlets to spray lubricant at selected intervals to effect periodic lubrication cycles.

Abstract: Hollow glassware is made in a method wherein a necking shear is displaceable between one end position blocking one end of a passage of a preform mold and another end position at a final mold and a liquid is sprayed into the other end of the passage of the preform mold. In addition the necking shear is temporarily retained in an intermediate position between the two molds and simultaneously the liquid is sprayed into the passage. This passage is upright and the one end is below the other end. Thus a pocket of air that would prevent the mist from settling in the passage is not created, and the passage can be effectively wetted even by a relatively small volume of liquid. A bottom-blowing unit constituted as a vertically displaceable plug is provided below the preform mold. This plug is raised once the gob is in place and during top blowing to form the initial hollow in it and is shielded during spraying of the liquid into the passage.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for the lubrication of molds and delivery equipment which are employed in the production of glass articles wherein the viscous glass which is employed in the production of such articles is at least partially coated with a suitable lubricant prior to contact with the delivery equipment and/or prior to entry of the glass into the mold.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing a glass article is disclosed. The method includes the steps of lubricating the walls of a mold cavity by igniting a gas therein, introducing a gob into the mold cavity, and pressing the gob to a desired shape. The improvement involves the use, as the gas ignited in the mold cavity, of a mixture of a methyl acetylene/propadiene gas and a hydrocarbon gas having an acetylenic triple bond. The proportion of the hydrocarbon having an acetylenic triple bond is controlled to one at which the flame which results from igniting the gas mixture is capable of penetrating an air lock in a deep mold cavity. Usually, the hydrocarbon gas having an acetylenic triple bond has from two to six carbon atoms and constitutes from 1 percent by volume to 10 percent by volume of the gas mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus for spraying lubricant onto the blank moulds of an IS glass forming machine has static spray heads above the open positions of the mould halves, to spray downwardly onto them when the mould halves are open. Electrical and pneumatic equipment in a separate cabinet causes metered quantities of lubricant to be delivered after a predetermined number of machine cycles. The neck rings may also be sprayed by a further static spray head which is positioned above the mould halves and sprays through the space between them when they are open.

Abstract: An apparatus for spraying an oil-water-air mixture onto a plurality of shear blades adjacent to a glass gob feeder and including a multi-compartmented mixing block, a flow meter in the water line, an oil-water ratio controller, signal means connecting the flow meter output to the ratio controller for actuating an oil injector in response to the water flow whereby a metered quantity of oil-water mixture is entrained with the air in the mixing block and individual spray nozzles are connected to each compartment.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a mould intended for the precision moulding of glass articles, notably aspherical lenses. The desired shape and dimensional accuracy are imparted to a mechanically treated preform by an accurate polishing operation. Subsequently, the polished preform is prestressed and reinforced by a chemothermal treatment. The surface of the mould thus obtained comprises an edge zone which is subject to compressive stress and which changes over, via a neutral stress-free zone, to the core which is subject to tensile stress. The mould in accordance with the invention has a longer life and produces moulded products having a quality which is higher than that of products made by means of known moulds.

Abstract: A device for an intermittent application of a lubrication or a separation liquid to a component part of a glass-forming machine engageable with molten glass, includes an intermittently driven high-pressure pump and a spraying nozzle connected to the pump by a pressure conduit to apply momentarily a cone of atomized lubrication or separation liquid on the machine part at a pressure of at least 100 bars.

Abstract: By using special dies, lenses from glass can be manufactured with great precision. Such dies are manufactured from quartz glass. Quartz glass can be worked with the required shape accuracy and the required smoothness, for example, by a polishing treatment succeeded by sputtering.

Abstract: Glass material for infrared ray-transmitting optical fibers comprises a three-component material made of a 28 mol % to 38 mol % BaF.sub.2 -2 mol % to 7 mol % GdF.sub.3 -58 mol % to 69 mol % ZrF.sub.4 -based composition. The glass material is cast in a metal mold with a hollow section which is preheated to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. but below the glass deformation temperature and annealing the melt in the metal mold to form a glass rod. The glass rod forming step includes heating the melt in the temperature range of between about 200.degree. C. and less than the glass deformation temperature and cooling the melt. The glass rod is removed from the metal mold and optically polished at the ends and sides and is then drawn into a fiber while applying tension to the tip of the glass rod while the glass rod is being heated. The glass rod is drawn into a glass fiber while maintaining the temperature at the end portion of the glass rod constant.

Abstract: Improvements in a method for producing a pressed glass article are disclosed. The method includes causing a gas to flow from a manifold around the exterior of a plunger used for pressing a gob of softened glass in a mold; the improvements include the use of a gas which is a cold mixture of at least one alkane and at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon, control of the proportion of alkane to unsaturated hydrocarbon so that a substantially invisible lubricious coating is deposited on the plunger, causing the gas to flow at a sufficiently high rate to cause excessive cooling, and controlling the temperature of the plunger by periodically interrupting the gas flow. The method of the invention provides cooling and lubrication of glass pressing apparatus with a single gas mixture, and helps to alleviate such problems as high expense, inadequate cooling and/or lubrication, pollution and excessive carbonaceous residue which can result from conventional methods.

Abstract: A method for producing optical glass, which comprises charging a mixed solution capable of forming a high-silica-content gel by hydrolysis reaction into a vessel, the inner wall face of which is composed of a material unwettable to the mixed solution, such as a fluorocarbon resin or silicone resin, causing gelation of the mixed solution in the vessel, drying the obtained gel, and heating and sintering the obtained dry gel. When electrodes are placed in the mixed solution at the gelation step and an electric voltage is applied, the time required for formation of the gel is shortened. Furthermore, at the gel-drying step, if the amount of materials evaporated from the gel is detected or the weight of the gel is measured, the detected amount of the evaporated materials or the change of the weight of the gel is fed back to a factor regulating the drying speed, such as the drying temperature to control the drying speed to an appropriate level.

Abstract: A continuous cellular glass manufacturing method is described. A mixture of ground glass and of one or more substances, such as coal dust, coke dust, graphite dust, one or more powdery and/or liquid and/or diluted hydrocarbons, one or more powdery and/or liquid and/or diluted carbohydrates, one or more hydrocarbons and/or their derivatives, one or more powdery and/or diluted carbonates, fine natural earth, ground natural stones, ground ceramics, cement, one or more powdery and/or dissolved soluble glass substances, water and other similar substances, is partly or totally solidified by drying and/or by reaction, letting it stand for at least 10 minutes. The mixture thus solidified is granulated and the glassy mass so obtained is distributed over a refractory wire conveyor belt or of refractory sheet, after spreading a separating substance in the conveyor belt which prevents the glassy mass from sticking to the conveyor belt.

Abstract: A method of forming a preform suitable for optical waveguides is disclosed. The method comprises providing a hollow tubular member defining a substantially longitudinal aperture and having one end thereof tapered and of diminishing wall thickness for the length of said taper. Adjacent the tapered end is formed an outwardly extending protrusion. A starting mandrel is inserted into the aperture so as to extend therebeyond. Particulate material is deposited over at least a portion of each of the extending part of the hollow tubular member and the starting mandrel whereby the extending protrusion is embedded in one end of the resulting optical waveguide preform. An integral unit including the tubular member and the preform is thus formed. Means are provided for a substantially gas-tight connection to the handle so that a gaseous medium may be flowed through the handle and the optical waveguide preform in its porous soot form.

Abstract: A layer consisting of a grinding medium such as corundum, SiC, emery or quartz sand is provided in a mould for the production of glass objects. A portion of this layer sticks to the glass work piece formed in this mould and is used for a subsequent surface processing procedure.

Abstract: Applying a boron nitride composition to a flexible fiber glass fabric cover for a press bending mold for shaping heat-softened glass sheets having a portion painted with a composition consisting essentially of a finely divided frit-pigment mixture by impregnating at least the portion of the cover that engages the painted portion of the glass sheet reduces the likelihood of marking the press bent glass sheet in unwanted regions. In addition, such impregnation facilitates removing the press bending molds from the press bent glass sheet when the press bending molds are separated after engaging the heat-softened glass sheet.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for forming surfaces for handling hot glass charges and newly-formed glass articles without detrimental marring or marking of the same. The method comprises priming a relatively-smooth metallic substrate with a silicone resin, applying a coating of a solventless curable thermosetting silicone resin binder over the primer, depositing at least one layer of a heat-resistant granular solid lubricant carbonaceous material over the binder coating and allowing the binder to wet and embed the granular material, and heat-curing the binder to permanently affix the granular carbonaceous material to the substrate to provide a lubricated durable wear-resistant surface for handling hot glass charges or gobs as well as newly-formed glass articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating molten glass contacting surfaces including forming molds, gob chutes, neck rings, and the like, with an organic solution of a metal organic phosphate having a finely-divided lubricious filler dispersed therein, the dispersion being used to coat such glass contacting surfaces and the coating being heated to form a degradation product having improved glass releasing and wear-resistant properties. The coating forms a solid film lubricant especially adapted for use in manufacturing glass articles providing quick release of the molded glass articles, a protective lubricant layer for the glass contacting surfaces, and eliminating the need for frequent swabbing of such surfaces, especially mold surfaces with oily compositions.

Abstract: A release surface prepared by treating a glass substrate with dimethyldichlorosilane and trimethylchlorosilane is disclosed, wherein the proportion of trimethylchlorosilane is sufficient to facilitate cleaning or residue from the release surface but insufficient to substantially diminish the release efficiency of the treated surface.

Abstract: Tools for the handling and shaping of glass, such as dies, moulds, shears. Sticking of the glass to the tool is prevented by the presence, at the tool surface, of a layer which has a low intrinsic strength with respect to the glass. This layer may be present as such or may be produced after oxidation. A number of possible materials are: boron carbide, Ni-Cr-B-alloys, tantalum boride.

Abstract: A process for protecting carbon bodies against attack by molten silicon by applying a separating protective layer is provided which is characterized in that a separating layer is applied to the surface of the carbon body to be protected in such a manner as to wet it. The separating layer consists of alkaline earth metal fluorides in admixture with 0 to 90 mole % of alkaline earth metal silicates having a melting point lower than that of silicon.

Abstract: In making a preform for an optical waveguide, the bait rod is coated with carbon. After the preform is built up on the bait rod, it is easily removed. The carbon coating produces a smooth improved inner surface in the preform, thereby eliminating flaws which otherwise may be present when the preform is drawn into a waveguide.

Abstract: A process of treating a coke oven door and jamb with a material containing micron colloidal particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating and surface coating on the coke oven doors and jambs which acts to prevent leakage of tar and other coke by-products as heretofore common in the art and the resultant inability of maintaining a sealing relation between the door and jamb.

Abstract: A lubricant for improved performance in glass molding. The lubricant is smokeless, odorless, non-toxic and non-combustible. It is applied infrequently, such as once a shift or less. The lubricant is carbon monofluoride (CF.sub.x).sub.n wherein "x" is about 0.7 or, preferably, above 1.00. Novel methods of application of the lubricant are disclosed.

Abstract: Release and lubricating compositions are disclosed for avoiding seizure between molten glass and metal molds for forming glass articles and for improving the quality of glassware produced therefrom, comprising an aqueous dispersion containing polyphenylene sulfide, an inorganic binder, and a solid lubricant. The inorganic binder may be represented by the general formula MPO.sub.4 wherein M is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, magnesium, iron and zinc. The particular solid lubricants include members selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polyterafluorethylene, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Release and lubricating composition for avoiding seizure between molten glass and metal molds for forming glass articles, for minimizing wear between mold sections and for improving the pack of glassware, comprising, a dispersion of graphite in a polyphenylene sulfide, molds having such composition coated thereon, and a method of applying the composition to molten glass contacting surfaces comprising dispersing the composition containing graphite with the polyphenylene sulfide in the form of small particles in a carrier, applying the dispersed composition to the glass contacting surface and then curing the coating at an elevated temperature, including curing resulting from hot molds during glassware production.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in methods for forming glass articles which methods are of the type wherein hot formable glass is first formed into a parison, or blank, in a parison or a blank mold and then the parison, or blank, is formed into the final glass article in a blow mold and wherein there is no relative rotation of the glass and the respective molds in the forming operation; the improvement resides in providing the cavity-defining surface of the blank mold with a layer, or coating, of a solid film lubricant or glass release agent which essentially comprises a non-colloidal lubricating graphite dispersed in a thermoset, cured, hard organopolysiloxane binder. The layer, or coating, is formed by applying a dispersion of graphite in an organic solvent solution of a further-curable, thermosettable, solvent soluble, organopolysiloxane onto the cavity defining surface of the blank mold and then curing said organopolysiloxane to a thermoset hard condition.

Abstract: Improvements are provided in glass forming processes of the type wherein hot metal blank molds are employed by using the complementary action of a solid film lubricant layer, of graphite dispersed in a cured thermoset organopolysiloxane, along with an overspray of a lubricating oil.

Abstract: A composition particularly effective as a high temperature lubricant for molds used in glass-forming operations and effective at high temperatures of the order of about 1,000.degree. F, comprising a mixture of graphite and a high melting inorganic oxide or salt, preferably potassium titanate, and an inorganic binder e.g. a slurry of magnesium oxide in a mixture of phosphoric acid and chromic acid. The mold lubricant composition also preferably contains a wetting agent, e.g. butyl Cellosolve (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether).

Abstract: A composition and method of preparation are herein described for molten release and parting compositions adaptable for use in glass-forming operations. The novel composition comprises an aqueous dispersion of a mixture of a solid lubricant, a water-soluble silicate binder, a setting agent, and a water-soluble phosphate. A preferred composition comprises a mixture of flake graphite, boron nitride, sodium silicate, zinc oxide and potassium phosphate tribasic.

Abstract: A new coating composition, coated article and method are disclosed herein dealing with the preparation of coated surfaces which are useful, for example, in glass molding wherein a relatively lubricious, abrasion resistant surface is desired under conditions of high operating temperatures. The coating composition in its most basic aspect involves a dispersion of an aluminum phosphate and a very fine particle size pigment material together with other materials including novel dispersion stabilizing ingredients and a special water dispersible resinous film-modifying agent.

Abstract: Release and lubricating compositions are disclosed for avoiding seizure between molten glass and metal molds for forming glass articles and for improving the quality of glassware produced therefrom, comprising an aqueous dispersion containing polyphenylene sulfide, an inorganic binder, and a solid lubricant. The inorganic binder may be represented by the general formula MPO.sub.4 wherein M is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, magnesium, iron and zinc. The particular solid lubricants include members selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polyterafluorethylene, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in methods for conveying a charge, or gob, of formable glass along glass loading equipment, from the point of severance of the gob to the point where the charge of formable glass is discharged into a mold for forming; the improvement essentially resides in increasing the effective glass contacting life of lubricants, which have been previously employed on the glass loading equipment, by providing a support coating for the previously employed lubricants, which support coating comprises a transition metal in a major amount applied from a flame spray or plasma spray and presents an abrasion-resistant, rough surface profile upon which the previously employed lubricants are then deposited.

Abstract: Laminates of a metal base having a plasma or flame sprayed metal coating thereon, which coating comprises at least about 50% by weight of a transition metal, and including a layer of a solid film lubricant of effective lubricating amounts of a lubricating pigment dispersed in a polymeric binder on said flame sprayed or plasma sprayed metal coating. These laminates may be used at various glass contacting locations for handling glass in its process of manufacture.

Abstract: A smokeless lubricant for coating the interior surfaces of glass forming molds to protect them during contact with molten glass and to facilitate release of formed glass products, including an inert fluid carrying medium, a thermally inert chemical compound suspended in this medium and a wetting agent which causes the chemical compound to adhere to molecules of the fluid carrying medium. The method of lubricating glass forming molds with such a lubricant by mixing selected amounts of the chemical compound and wetting agent in the fluid carrying medium to form the lubricant, stirring or agitating this mixture to maintain the compound in suspension within the carrying medium, and flash-heating this lubricant to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the carrying medium and cause the chemical compound to be exploded onto the interior surfaces of the mold to coat these surfaces.

Abstract: In a glass container making machine using a split face mold, means are provided for controllably diverting the parisons from the mouth of the mold to a waste glass collector when the mold is closed so that at the same time swabbing means lubricate the inner faces of the mold cavity.

Abstract: Periodic application of a composition comprising monoaluminum dihydrogen phosphate, Al(H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.3, as a binder and an anti-wear agent such as finely divided hard metals, solid lubricants or the like to clean surfaces of molds used in manufacturing glass parts facilitates quick release of molded glass parts from the mold, provides a protective coating for the mold surfaces, and eliminates the necessity for frequent swabbing of the mold with oily compositions.

Abstract: A composition and method of preparation are herein described for molten release and parting compositions adaptable for use in glass-forming operations. The novel composition comprise a mixture containing tungsten disulfide, a silicate and a setting agent. A preferred composition comprises a mixture of tungsten disulfide and graphite with sodium silicate and zinc oxide as a setting agent.

Abstract: An improved glass sheet bending mold (10) disclosed comprises a stainless steel base (12) for receiving the heated glass sheet to be bent. An electrically deposited metal carbide coating (16) is deposited on the stainless steel base (12). A boron nitride covering (18) covers the metal carbide coating (16) to provide a forming surface (14) that is harder than the base (12) and is wetted less by the heated glass sheet than is the base.