Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass meting furnace comprising a channel-shaped melting tank, the batch materials being introduced at an upstream end, the molten glass being recovered at the downstream end, said furnace being heated by means of burners, in which the combustion energy is produced by oxy-fuel combustion in respect of at least 65% thereof, the burners being distributed on the walls along the length of the furnace, in which flue gas discharge is mostly localized close to the upstream end near the openings through which the batch materials are introduced, the rest of the flue gas being removed close to the downstream part so as to maintain dynamic sealing with respect to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A glass-melting furnace, which suppresses the effect of exhaust gas on molten glass quality, a process for producing molten glass, and a process and apparatus for producing glass products. The glass-melting furnace containing: a raw glass material particle feed portion disposed downwardly at a furnace wall portion in an upper portion of the glass-melting furnace; a heating unit provided under the feed portion, which forms a gas phase portion for converting raw glass material particles into liquid glass particles; a flue inlet disposed on the upstream side of the gas phase portion in a flow direction of the molten glass liquid; a furnace-bottom portion, which accumulates the liquid glass particles that produce the molten glass liquid; and a discharge portion, which discharges the molten glass liquid.

Abstract: A molten glass supply device is provided, which can solve unavoidable problems for high viscosity characteristics in connection with the conventional molten glass supply device for high viscosity glass. Such problems include improperly high heating cost caused by excessive heat radiation in a melting furnace, reduction in the grade of products deriving from an excess amount of an erosion foreign material and reduction in the product yield. High viscosity molten glass having a property in which a temperature at which the molten glass exhibits a viscosity of 1000 poise is 1350° C. or higher is supplied to a forming device through a melting furnace, a distribution portion in communication with the outlet of the melting furnace, and a plurality of branch paths branching from the distribution portion. In the branch paths, distribution resistance providing portions that provide distribution resistance to molten glass passed through the branch paths are provided.

Abstract: According to the invention, measures will be taken to lead the current of the molten glass through the tank furnace so that cutoffs of the glass current between the surface of the glass bath, on the one hand, and the outlet opening on the other hand are avoided and a an equal holding period of all melt particles in the tank furnace is achieved.

Abstract: A system for melting and delivering glass to a work area such as spinners for making fiberglass includes a melter with heaters so arranged that the “hot spot” in the molten glass is located away from the walls and corrosion sensitive parts so that the various elements of the melter wear out at substantially the same time. The system is further provided with a dual exhaust arrangement when the melter, conditioner and forehearth are located on the same floor of the plant, the first exhaust being at the juncture of the melter and conditioner, and the second being an alternating replacement for one of the heating/cooling orifices and mechanisms in the conditioner, so as to effectively limit the amount of corrosive volatiles reaching the forehearth.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for delivering molten thermoplastic material from one chamber to another through a throat in a refractory wall separating said chambers. A refractory metal conduit is positioned within said refractory throat below the level of the floor of said chambers, and standpipes at each end of said conduit extending above the level of said floors, create stagnant thermoplastic material about the conduit so as to prevent corrosion products from flowing away from about the conduit and thereby also preventing fresh thermoplastic from replacing it. The stagnant material becomes enriched with corrosion products, which with the absence of flow retards further corrosion of the refractory about the conduit.

Abstract: Provided are a glass such as a sealing glass which contains a rare earth element and crystalline particles, a structure made by sealing with said sealing glass, a magnetic head made by bonding using said sealing glass, and a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus on which said magnetic heads are mounted. According to the glass of the present invention, magnetic heads, and other structures can be bonded at low temperatures and a high bond strength can be attained, and thus, magnetic heads having high-speed sliding properties and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatuses of high reliability can be obtained. The glass can be also used for heat resistant parts such as a pannel glass for a cathode-ray tube and the like.

Abstract: In the manufacturing of high melting point glasses with volatile components, in particular of glasses from the group of boron glasses and borosilicate glasses, a furnace is provided that has a superstructure, fossil fuel burners, and a melting tank. In front of a conditioning zone and a throat leading to an extraction zone, a step-shaped raised area in the bottom is provided which is formed continuously over the complete width of the melting tank. In order to suppress segregation or, respectively, phase separation, to protect the furnace construction materials and to enable problem-free operation, a temperature of at least 1600.degree. C.

Abstract: A tank furnace for the inertization of non-flammable batch, which contains hazardous substances, metals and less than 10% by weight of carbon, by vitrification with glass forming aggregates by producing a glassy melt. The furnace has a batch charging device and a tank, on the rim of which a furnace crown rests, electrodes for heating the melt, a supply of oxidizing gases to the melt and, as an outlet for the melt, an overflow channel which can be heated. Nozzles are installed in the bottom of the tank to introduce oxidizing gases in order to reduce the eluate values, and the electrodes are immersed in the melt from above. It is preferable to install the nozzles at sloping sidewalls of the tank which slope upwardly and outwardly.

Abstract: A glass material is formed from SiO.sub.2, CaO, Na.sub.2 O and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and the porous, non-crystalline structure is most preferably created by melting the constituents, cooling and pulverizing the resulting glass, and then forming and hot pressing the powder. The glass of the present invention may be formed to produce templates that are useful for various indications, as well as granules that may be formed into a paste.

Abstract: The device for melting glass includes a compartment 1 for melting with a discharge throat 11 defined on top by a mobile carrier 16 having an upper part 18 extending upward above the level of glass and a lower part 17 intended to be totally immersed in the molten glass. Faces of the lower part are formed of a metal or an alloy of metals resistant to corrosion by the molten glass.

Abstract: A channel (1) for the outflow/conditioning of molten glass includes a duct and superstructure (5) and is designed to transfer the molten glass from a vitrifiable material melting and refining zone (6) to a molten glass forming zone, in order to take it from its melting temperature to its forming temperature. It consists of a multiplicity of successive zones (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) located substantially transversely in relation to its longitudinal axis, each zone having its own function, being heat-controlled in an autonomous manner and insulated over part of its height relative to the adjacent zones by partitions (15). The zones include at least one transition zone (8), at least one drainage zone (9), at least cooling zone (10, 11, 12) and at least one thermal and/or chemical homogenization zone (13, 14).

Abstract: A waste vitrification apparatus (10) having rotatable mixer impeller (16) functioning as a shaft electrode (60) and metallic vessel (14) functioning as a vessel electrode (62). A stream (12) of waste material and vitrifiable material are mixed and melted in the vessel (14) for vitrification. The waste vitrification method converts a feed stream (12) by mixing the feed stream into a glass melt (13) and melting glass batch of the feed stream (12) to form a foamy mass. The stream is dispersed by the impeller (16) to form a foam which is then densified in a settling zone (22), recovered through a spout (24) and solidified in storage containers. Means are provided to adjust the location of the mixing impeller (16) in the vessel (14) to change the depth of the settling zone (22). The impeller (16) is mounted on a drive shaft (18) having a recirculating coolant flow.

Abstract: Conductive via fill inks for green tapes to be stacked and bonded to a support substrate, the glass used for the green tape having a firing temperature from 850.degree.-950.degree. C., wherein the glass used for the via fill ink has a glass transition temperature that is higher than that of the glass used to make the green tape, preferably does not crystallize at the maximum firing temperature of the green tape and comprises from 30-75 percent by volume of the glass-conductive metal powder mixture of the via fill ink. These conductive via fill inks will not shrink until the green tape shrinkage has commenced during firing of the composite circuit board and they will flow slightly during firing, forming good bonds to the glass in the walls of the vias, thereby ensuring good integrity of the vias and good connections to the circuitry on the fired ceramic multilayer circuit board.

Abstract: A glass melter 30 having a mixing impeller 34 for converting a feed stream 38 supplied to a vessel 32 into a vitrified glass melt 50. Heating means such as electrodes 36 or a gas burner 58 are used to heat the glass melt 50. Electrode 36 arrangements are proposed for minimizing current flow through the impeller 34. Current flow through a special continuous circular impeller or conical pump 70 is disclosed. A cylindrical vessel 98, triangular vessel 94, square vessel 32, and hexagonal vessel 96 are disclosed. Methods of processing particular waste streams are disclosed including coated mineral fibers, fly ash, radioactive material, chemical waste and the like.

Abstract: A continuous glass-melting tank furnace includes a melting compartment including a melting tank having a lower part, and a superstructure equipped with heaters for receiving and melting raw batch material. Additionally included is a separate refining compartment including a refining tank and a superstructure equipped with a further heater, the refining tank having a lower part and including a transverse sill which divides the refining tank into an upstream refining cell and a downstream refining cell, each of the upstream refining cell and the downstream refining cell having respective upstream ends and downstream ends, and the further heater being arranged to heat melt in the upstream refining cell for creating a spring zone located closer to the downstream end of the upstream refining cell and a circulation of melt in the upstream refining cell which feeds the spring zone.

Abstract: A glass melting furnace comprises a base structure (6) defining a melting chamber (8) an intermediate chamber (10), and a working chamber (12), in which chambers heaters are located. An opening (22) is provided into the melting chamber (8), through which batch material may be deposited on the body of molten glass in the melting chamber. Glass flows from the melting chamber (8) through an outlet (26) at a lower part thereof, which may open into the intermediate chamber (10), and flows over a wier (30) from the intermediate chamber (10) into the working chamber. Located in the outer walls of the working chamber are working outlets (34), through which blowing irons or the like tools may be entered, for a manual withdrawal of molten glass from the chamber (12).

Abstract: This furnace for melting inorganic materials comprises a plurality of spaced-apart inner walls dividing the furnace interior into a plurality of chambers, at least one being a liquefying chamber and at least one being a secondary chamber. Each liquefying chamber is provided with a crown and charge ports adjacent the edges of the crown through which batch material is fed into the liquefying chamber. Batch material entering through one of the charge ports moves down an inclined surface of one of the inner walls where it is heated and part of it liquefied by a flame present in the associated liquefying chamber. This liquefying chamber collects liquefied batch at its bottom and hot gases above the liquefied batch.

Abstract: The glass melting tank for supplying a flat glass forming process has a melting zone for melting solid batch material and a refining zone with reduced return flow of glass. The base of the refining zone comprises a fusion cast refractory material comprising alumina, silica and between 31% and 43% by weight of zirconia. The refractory is conditioned by oxidation at at least 1450.degree. C. for 24 hours.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing glass by melting a batch of raw material in a melting chamber of a continuous glass-melting tank furnace, permitting the glass to flow through a rising passageway and a sill provided by the furnace to a separate refining chamber in the furnace, the atmospheres in the melting and refining chambers being isolated, and heating the glass at the upstream end of the refining chamber to a higher temperature than that of the glass over the sill so that the glass leaving the sill plunges into the refining chamber and is precluded from forming a return current to the melting chamber.

Abstract: In order to conserve fuel in an apparatus for manufacturing glass, a continuous glass-melting tank furnace is provided with a melting compartment, a refining compartment, and a shadow arch between the compartments. The shadow arch is constituted by a cover which extends from a shadow wall at the downstream end of the melting compartment to an end wall at the upstream end of the refining compartment. The melting and refining compartments communicate via a passage beneath the shadow wall at the downstream end of the melting compartment, and a sill is positioned between this shadow wall and the refining compartment. The top of this sill is at least as high as the top of the passage.

Abstract: An improved glass melt tank (10) having a feeder (15) and a channel (14) which interconnects the tank and the feeder and in which is arranged a rotary, raisable and lowerable regulator (20, 21) which opens and closes the channel (14) so that the feeder (15) is supplied with molten glass from the tank (10) when a level sensing means (22) senses a lower level in the feeder, the supply of molten glass being caused to cease when an upper level is sensed. The regulator (20, 21) rotates continuously in order not to get stuck in setting glass and seals against a horizontal seat formed in the channel.

Abstract: A waist construction for a tank-type glass melting furnace having a lower tank covered by an independently supported sprung arch roof. The side walls forming the lower tank are inset for defining a waist section having a reduced passage interconnecting the melting and conditioning zones of the furnace. An open framework is provided above the inset breast walls for suspending portions of upright closure walls closing the ends of the melting and working zones adjacent the entrance and exit ends of the reduced passage; the suspended portions extending across the entrance and exit ends of the reduced passage closely adjacent the upper surface of the molten glass therein. The suspended portion of each wall is centrally located and flanked by bottom supported wing walls. Additionally, a segmented, suspended cover is provided between the suspended portions of the upright closure walls for enclosing the open top region of the reduced passage.

Abstract: In the manufacture of flat glass by feeding molten glass from the outlet end of a glass melting furnace to an exit channel which conducts the molten glass to forming apparatus, the furnace sole is inclined upwardly toward the exit channel in the vicinity of the furnace outlet end.

Abstract: In the refining zone of a glass melting tank the molten glass is supported on a heat conducting base, such as molten tin, heat is removed from the glass through the base and the depth of glass, length of refining zone and temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the zone are controlled so that the ratio of return flow to forward flow through the zone is between 1/6th and 1/2.

Abstract: A novel tank-type furnace is disclosed for producing flat glass from a glass which has a high melting temperature and which contains highly volatile ingredients. The furnace has a tapered end wall construction leading from the melter into the canal. Such a construction results in the formation of better quality flat glass.