Abstract: A method of making glass beads for current leading-in wires of lamps by internal and external high-frequency heating of a glass tube which surrounds a metal rod.

Abstract: A first die having a relief pattern is employed to provide predetermined shape and relative positioning for a first plurality of metal strips. A second die is similarly employed for a second plurality of metal strips Without removing the metal strips from the dies, the strips, still in predetermined shape and position, are bonded to opposing surfaces of an insulating substrate. The bonding process includes bringing the dies, and hence, the metal strips, into contact with the opposing surfaces of the insulating substrate. The bonding process may include the application of heat, pressure, and an electrical field across the bonding interfaces, e.g., anodic bonding.

Abstract: A method for bonding together a pair of members comprising positioning a layer of soldering glass between the pair of members, melting the glass, bonding the members into the molten glass and cooling the members. One of the members may be conductive with the soldering glass coated thereon, or the soldering glass may be coated on a conductive element which becomes bonded between the pair of members.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for permanently splicing glass optical fibers. The fibers are aligned colinearly, and their endfaces are brought into contact. An electrical arc discharge is generated at the junction between the fibers and is moved along the junction to ensure complete fusing of the fiber endfaces. Best results are obtained by first applying only enough heat to the fiber junction to cause the fibers to adhere to each other without forming a good optical connection, and thereafter, increasing the arc current to a value sufficient to cause complete fusion of the fiber endfaces.

Abstract: Bonds are made between two work pieces by using foils exploded by electrical energy typically stored in a large capacitor. To increase the uniformity of the bond area, a foil having at least one slit cut in the direction of current flow is used. The foil strips separated by the slit are attracted together by the pinch effect when current is applied, tending to eliminate loss of foil through a jetting action during explosion. Platings are made by pressing the foil between the work piece and a plastic layer to which the foil does not adhere. In both bonding and plating, the capacitor is charged with energy sufficient to bring the foil just to its boiling point. This "tuning" is more efficient and minimizes heat and blast effects that might otherwise damage a small work piece.

Abstract: Bonds are made between two work pieces by using foils exploded by electrical energy typically stored in a large capacitor. To increase the uniformity of the bond area, a foil having at least one slit cut in the direction of current flow is used. The foil strips separated by the slit are attracted together by the pinch effect when current is applied, tending to eliminate loss of foil through a jetting action during explosion. Platings are made by pressing the foil between the work piece and a plastic layer to which the foil does not adhere. In both bonding and plating, the capacitor is charged with energy sufficient to bring the foil just to its boiling point. This "tuning" is more efficient and minimizes heat and blast effects that might otherwise damage a small work piece.

Abstract: Method of sealing glass objects to one another by means of comparatively low voltages, in which method the preheated seal joint is heated by passing current through it by means of a large number of electrodes which are in mechanical contact with the glass and belong to at least two current circuits which are periodically switched on and off and each comprise at least two series-connected current sources.

Abstract: A sealing method for a laser glass which provides a high bonding strength comprising applying a powder mixture of (1) a low melting glass containing an infrared absorbing component and (2) a low expansion high melting glass containing an infrared absorbing component to a laser glass and welding the powder mixture to the laser glass by heating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for permanently splicing glass optical fibers. The fibers are aligned colinearly, and their ends are brought into contact. Electric and magnetic fields are generated in the vicinity of the fiber end portions. The electric field creates an arc which moves along the fiber junction under the influence of the magnetic field, thereby ensuring complete fusing of the fiber endfaces.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming tempered glass articles, the particularly shaped glass articles. The method includes the step of subjecting the glass article to be tempered to a homogeneous heating source while simultaneously quenching surfaces of said article being heated, whereby there is achieved within said article a differential temperature condition sufficient to effect full tempering thereof. Since the surfaces of said article are quenched as the article is being heated, at least the surface portions of the article are retained at a temperature sufficiently low to provide mechanical support for the article, whereby sagging or deformation of the article under gravitational or other influences is prevented, without the necessity for providing form-fitting molds or like appurtenances physically to prevent distortion of the glass article during tempering.The invention further relates to an apparatus for practicing the noted method.