Abstract: System and method for user configuration of an autotuning algorithm for a controller in a motion control system. A desired trajectory in one or more dimensions for the motion control system is received. Values of one or more gains for a controller are initialized. A response trajectory of the controller and motion control system in response to the desired trajectory is received, and an error determined between the response trajectory and the desired trajectory. A gain space is then experimentally searched to determine final values of the one or more gains for the controller that minimize the error (e.g., Euclidean norm) between the response trajectory and the desired trajectory, e.g., via simulated annealing, or other stochastic, quasi-random, and/or deterministic approaches. After experimentally searching, the controller is operable to control the motion control system substantially in accordance with the desired trajectory using the determined values of the one or more gains.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for automatically converting dates and times in electronic text messages to the local dates and times of the message recipients. For example, when a text message is sent to an intended recipient, a messaging server can recognize date and time strings in the message text string, if any. The server can parse the date/time information into Coordinated Universal Time (“UTC”) form. The server also receives locale and time zone information from the intended recipient's client application, and can send this information to the originating client application. The originating client application can use this locale and time zone information to convert the UTC date/time information from the message string, if any, to the localized date and time of the message recipient. The localized date/time information is inserted into the message string, and the resulting message is forwarded to the recipient.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a safety cabinet with an interior that is enclosed by a housing and a housing front side with a work opening that can be closed with a height-adjustable window. The safety cabinet contains an operating unit for controlling device functions which is integrated into the housing. The operating unit comprises at least one rocker button, the button assignment of which changes depending on the operating state of the safety cabinet in such a way that a certain device function can be controlled in the respective operating state by actuating a button of the rocker button.

Abstract: Even when a power switch is turned off, the controller of an injection molding machine does not shut off a power supply immediately. The controller determines whether the present state of the injection molding machine is a previously-set confirmation-requiring state, such as a lockup state of a mold clamping unit using a toggle link mechanism, or a nozzle touch state of an injection unit. When the present state is not the confirmation-requiring state, the controller shuts off the power supply. When the present state is the confirmation-requiring state, the controller displays on a display screen a confirmation window for confirmation of power shut off. The controller shuts off the power supply in accordance with a shut-off operation performed on the basis of the confirmation window.

Abstract: A method and device that controls one or more apparatus in relation to the expected time of sunrise and sunset at the location of the apparatus. The operator enters a geographic location identifier, such as a zip code or telephone area code, and the controller computes the expected time of sunrise and sunset at the corresponding geographic location. The controller is configured to translate the entered geographic location code into the offset times, based upon the latitude and longitude of the location. The controller is able to either directly retrieve stored time offsets or it retrieves the latitude and longitude that corresponds to the entered geographic location code and determines the time offset from that latitude and longitude.

Abstract: A storage unit stores ranges of devices allocated for each sequence program. A device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit. The device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: A method of designing and fabricating a control unit for electronic microcontrollers or microprocessors that includes fabricating a finite state machine having at least one combinatorial network, the finite state machine having a plurality of control subunits, each control subunit structured to correspond to one combinatorial logic network. Each unit in the plurality of control subunits is independently connected to an arbitration block to provide information about a possible future state and to receive a present state command.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an extruded film tube and supplying said tube to a collapsing and roller assembly includes a die for extruding a molten material in the form of a tube which is in a molten state below a frost line and in a solid state above the frost line. A blower system supplies and exhausts cooling air to and from an interior portion of the tube, and is regulated by a valve. At least two sensors are provided, one below the frost line for sensing the position of said tube, and one located proximate the tube in a position above said frost line. The upper sensor is used for sensing the position of the tube prior to collapsing and flattening it. A controller receives feedback signals from both sensors and controls operation of the valve.

Abstract: An automatic procedure for locating actuator addresses on a bus system is revealed. The actuators may be identical except for their physical position, and thus their function and address on a bus system that controls and powers the actuators. Because their functions are different, the control system can determine which actuator is in which location, and thus locate the address for each actuator on the bus. Each actuator may then receive and act upon commands from the control system appropriate to its location and function. As a result, a manufacturer or dealer can stock a single actuator, rather than many actuators. Several such actuators would otherwise have to be manufactured and stocked separately, even though the only difference between them might be an installed software or firmware program to identify and control each actuator. Additionally, fewer wires may be required in harnesses to control the actuators.

Abstract: The integration of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a motion control (NC) into a universal motion control (UMC) is realized by a tailored and nonetheless essentially user-configurable run-level model for processing of software tasks. This run-level model consists of types of different user levels and system levels with different priorities. In particular, one of the run levels (FA) can be configured very effectively according to user requirements. Thus, this kind of universal motion control (UMC) can be optimized by software to the particular requirements of the control task and the technical process.

Abstract: A programmable limit switch includes output channels for receiving position data, each position value of the position data representing an incremental advance of a workpiece through a production field, and for producing actuation signals. The channels are connectable to respective output devices responsive to the respective actuation signals and located in the field. Each output channel has an output controller, which is individually programmable to change the state of respective actuation signals in response to reaching selected position values. Preferably, the PLS includes input connectors coupled to a respective channel and connectable to respective input devices located within the production field. Each channel operates its own inputs and outputs according to a variety of programmed functions depending upon system conditions seen by the output controller.

Abstract: An appliance controller includes a plurality of LEDs that are configured annularly about a control knob of the appliance controller. The LEDs are operated so as to indicate status of the operation of the appliance when the appliance is in a run mode. In one form, the appliance controller illuminates one of the LEDs to indicate at what point the appliance is in its cycle of operation. When the appliance is in a stop mode, the LEDs are operated to indicate where the control knob is positioned when a user is selecting a particular operation with the appliance controller. In one form, as a user rotates the control knob, the appliance controller determines the rotational or angular location of the knob, particularly via a selection indicator of the knob, and illuminates a corresponding LED.

Abstract: A solid state appliance controller includes circuitry formed on a circuit board, the circuitry defining a voltage trace in communication with a voltage source, a first state trace, and a second state trace. The first and second state traces are in communication with a processor. A user selection knob is operative to allow a user to select an operating mode of the appliance by rotating the user selection knob. A wiper assembly is coupled to the user selection knob for rotation therewith. The wiper assembly has a voltage finger operative to be in contact with the voltage trace so as to continuously receive a voltage therefrom during rotation of the selection knob. A first finger is operative to intermittently contact the first trace in accordance with a first pattern thereof wherein contact provides the voltage to the first trace during rotation of the selection knob.

Abstract: A storage unit stores ranges of devices allocated for each sequence program. A device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit. The device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: An on-chip event timer apparatus including a hardware timer and a debug interface. The hardware timer includes at least an up-counter for counting clocks of a clock signal, a match register for storing a programmable count value, and a comparator for monitoring whether the up-counter's count value matches the count value of the match register. The debug interface includes enable control unit for enabling the up-counter's operation based on a pre-defined relationship between a state of an enabled signal supplied to said up-counter and an internal state of the hardware timer. Additionally, the debug interface may comprise a clock divider connected to the enable control unit to reduce the clock's frequency in accordance with a pre-programmed divider value. Based on the received clock with the reduced clock frequency, the enable control unit adapts the up-counter's processing speed to the reduced clock frequency.

Abstract: An appliance control system includes a housing and a user cycle selector which is movable in relation to the housing between a first selector position and a second selector position. The appliance control system further includes a first spring secured to the housing, the first spring being configured to retain the user cycle selector at (i) the first selector position during a first period of time, and (ii) the second selector position during a second period of time. Additionally, the appliance control system includes a mode switch positioned within the housing, the mode switch having an actuated state and a deactuated state. The appliance control system also includes a second spring having a spring arm which is movable between a first arm position and a second arm position. Movement of the user cycle selector from the first selector position to the second selector position causes the spring arm to move from the first arm position to the second arm position.

Abstract: There is provided a print control unit capable of transferring and stopping an object to be controlled at a target position when unexpected load is applied to the object. A print control unit includes: a selection control part, operating at a predetermined timing, to select and set the control parameters in accordance with the target speed, to judge as to whether the object is located within a target range, based on the output of the position detecting part, if located, the selection control part selecting and operating the third control part, while if the object is not located within the target range, the selection control part selecting and operating the first or the second control part based on the physical value corresponding to the speed.

Abstract: A storage unit stores ranges of devices allocated for each sequence program. A device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit. The device range checking unit sequentially extracts device notations indicating consecutive areas and commands specifying consecutive devices present in a sequence program, expands devices of the corresponding consecutive areas, and checks whether or not devices of consecutive areas are within a range of devices stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing energy consumption of a display in a computer system. The method includes profiling screen usage patterns and the impact of the screen usage patterns on energy consumption by the display; deriving an energy model based on the screen usage patterns; determining when to control the display in order to decrease its energy consumption; determining which screen portions of the display and what display parameters to control based on the energy model; and for each portion of the display to be controlled, controlling its display parameters, wherein the screen portions are controlled to attain energy conservation.

Abstract: A method for estimating a state of a system including determining, during a current cycle of the system, an estimated state of the system based on currently measured values of the system, boundary conditions of the system, an accuracy of the currently measured values, and an estimated state from a preceding cycle. The method also determines an accuracy of the estimated state, and determines an uncertainty of the estimated state based on the estimated state and the accuracy of the estimated state.

Abstract: A home automation system and method for automatic control of controlled devices throughout a home. A unique architecture of occupancy sensors includes entry/exit sensors for detecting movement through doorways that separate rooms in the home, room motion sensors for detecting room occupancy, spot sensors to detect occupancy of specific locations within the rooms, and house status sensors to detect the status of certain parameters of the home. A central controller communicates with the sensors and controlled objects over a communications network, where the sensors and controlled objects can be added to the system in a ‘plug and play’ manner. The central controller controls the controlled objects in response to the entry/exit sensors, room motion sensors, spot sensors and the house status sensors. This control is accomplished by assigning each room to one of a plurality of room occupancy states, which dictate how the controlled objects are controlled by the central controller.

Abstract: In a medical device, a Tx Clock Button is presented on a graphics display overlain with a touch screen which allows an operator to control multiple functions of the medical device. Various parts of Tx Clock Button may be displayed in different colors, and based on the state of treatment at a given time and in response to the operator touching Tx Clock Button, the colors may change to visually indicate a change in state. When the Tx Clock Button is touched for the first time after a new patient has been selected, multiple functions, times, displays, parameters, and alarms of the medical device are initiated. When the Tx Clock Button is touched for the second time, various ones of the multiple functions, times, displays, parameters, and alarms may be suspended. A third touch of the Tx Clock Button may resume the suspended items.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for aligning a door of an aircraft to a passenger loading bridge. A final parking position of the aircraft is defined as being immediately adjacent to a position of the passenger loading bridge, such that when the aircraft is stopped at the final parking position, the passenger loading bridge requires only a telescopic extension of less than about 1 meter to complete the alignment operation. To this end, an indicating device that works cooperatively with an aircraft-engaging end of the passenger loading bridge is provided for displaying human intelligible instructions for use by a pilot of the aircraft to guide the aircraft to the final parking position.

Abstract: A control information output apparatus has a memory unit, an extraction unit and an output unit. The memory unit stores a dependence relationship between each application and a predetermined dependency factor. The memory unit also stores dependency table indicating dependence on the dependence factor of each application. Using the dependency factor value determined with data extracted by the extracting unit, an application list indicating the application having a higher execution request, dependency factor list indicating effective dependency factor and control information comprising a dependence vector and dependence characteristic are outputted from the output unit based on the dependency table and dependence characteristic information of the memory unit.

Abstract: A valve positioner system that includes one or more unique control methods and devices, including several routines to facilitate the continuous maintenance, calibration and adjustment requirements of the valve. The positioner system may utilize pressure and position feedback signals to monitor the valve. The positioner system may utilize an external controller for various diagnostic and other routines. The positioner system can provide automatic positioning and can operate in a manual operating mode or an automatic operating mode. The positioner system can diagnose the valve while the valve process is running or during a maintenance operation. The positioner system can provide nonlinear control of the valve position. The positioner system can self-tune and self-characterize the valve to assure uniform position control. The positioner system can provide valve control through pressure feedback when a position feedback fails or other diagnosed problems.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for executing a control function or program which minimizes or overcomes the shortcomings of conventional systems. The invention allows a user of a distributed control system to place one or more control devices into a step mode, wherein the devices will execute a specified number of iterations of their internal logic or control programs, or execute such programs for a specified time period, and then stop or suspend execution. The user may then perform system diagnostics, for example, by interrogating certain modules to obtain output and input values, etc. The system may then be further iterated and the method repeated, so as to enable the identification of logic programming and/or hardware problems in a system.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electronic device including a lock switch which defines activation permission of the power supply of the electronic device, and a unit which receives an activation instruction from software and invalidates the received activation instruction when the lock switch permits activation.

Abstract: In a motor vehicle air conditioning installation comprising a central control unit (12), a computer network (14) connected to the central control unit (12) and a plurality of peripherals (101, 102, 103, . . . , 10n) connected to nodes (N1, N2, N3, . . . , Nn) of the computer network, the peripherals are connected in series via a common conductor (18). The installation comprises means (120) for inputting at the level of each peripheral an electric signature on a common conductor, means (130) for detecting an electric signal depending upon the electric signatures of the peripherals situated upstream on the common conductor (18), means for generating a data item representing the relative position of the peripheral on the basis of the electric signal detected, and means for identifying the node of the network to which it is connected on the basis of the relative position data item generated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for automatically aligning a passenger bridge to a door of an aircraft. The apparatus includes a sensor in the form of a laser range finder, a local computer for receiving signals from the sensor and for controlling bridge movement in dependence thereof, and memory storage for storing data relating to features of aircraft models with which the bridge is to be connected. Automated bridge alignment proceeds under the control of the local computer in dependence upon a determined error factor exceeding a predetermined minimum threshold value, which value is one of a default value and a value specified by a user of the apparatus. Accordingly, the instant invention permits different airlines to accept varying levels of risk associated with automatic bridge alignment.

Abstract: A method for compensating signals from an absolute angular position sensor assembly is used in conjunction with an absolute angular position sensor assembly having an input gear coupled to a rotating shaft. The input gear is meshed with an output gear that rotates as the input gear and the shaft rotate. The sensor assembly includes an input gear sensor and an output gear sensor placed in proximity to the input gear and output gear, respectively. The gears are configured so as to be sensed by the sensors. The method includes determining an angular position compensation value that is used to adjust an absolute position of the input gear, which in turn is used to compute the absolute position of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: An option-identifying system identifies the locations of a plurality of options that are electrically connected in cascade and mounted to a main body such that the options are attachable to and detachable from the main body. The main body outputs a location-assigning signal having a plurality of bits to a first one of the plurality of options. Each option tray has a data-storing section and a location-identifying section. The data-storing section stores the locations of the plurality of options and corresponding location data that describes the locations. The location-identifying section receives the location-assigning signal and compares the received location-assigning signal with the location data to identify a location of a corresponding option. The location-identifying section changes the logic level of at least one bit of the received location-assigning signal or changes the number of bits of the received location-assigning signal, then outputs to a immediately lower option tray.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system to monitor the statuses of devices that can operate and transmit current device status information to a storage location. In this system, there is a can be a central storage location of the status of all designated device attributes of a device including the past state history of the device. The storage location can also be distributed and in one or more remote locations. Each device on the system will transmit a state change notification to the central location each time the status of the device changes. This status change will be recorded in the location storage. The present invention provides for the creation of sets of instructions to enable the initiation of operations by devices in response to a set of current statuses of one or more devices. Each workflow routine will be based on a set device statuses. This set of device statuses can be referred as a device scenario.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system to monitor the statuses of devices that can operate and transmit current device status information to a storage location. The present invention also provides a method to manage and initiate sets of instructions that will be performed by devices in response to a set of current statuses of one or more devices. Each set of instructions is known as a “workflow routine”. Each workflow routine will be based on a set device statuses. This set of device statuses can be referred as a device scenario. When a status of a device changes, the workflow manager of the present invention will check the statuses of the devices in the scenario to determine if the scenario conditions for the initiation of a specified workflow have been met. When the conditions have been met, the workflow routine will be initiated and perform a set of instructions which could lead to the performance of some activity by one or more devices in the network.

Abstract: An interpretive system architecture for a seamless transfer of energy to a physical, chemical, or thermodynamic process stream, or microwave oven. The interpretive system architecture overlays the operational functions of the process stream or host microwave oven to interpret, control, and implement user independent commands. The interpretive system has at least one interpretive base class for providing operational instance to the process stream or host microwave oven. The interpretive system receives an indicia, the indicia being expressive of an externally derived predetermined compiled code disposed on the surface of a specimen, or food package, or associated thereto, the indicia communicating via at least one data entry mechanism to the process stream or host microwave oven. The interpretive system interprets the data or code and transforms it into user independent commands.

Abstract: A method of fabricating or designing a control unit for electronic microcontrollers or microprocessors that includes fabricating a finite state machine having at least one combinatorial network, the finite state machine having a plurality of control sub-units, each structured to correspond to one combinatorial logic network. Each unit in the plurality of control sub-units is independently connected to an arbitration block to provide information about a possible future state and receive a present state command.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for establishing interaction among electronic devices of an environment. The device has a transmitter, receiver, memory for storing interaction rules, and a processor for learning the interaction rules in association with the transmitter, receiver, and other devices of the environment. The device also includes components for performing the device specific functions and a state sensor for determining the logical or physical state of the device. Methods involve observing at one or more devices change of state activity among the plurality of devices through receiving a change of state message that is transmitted to the one or more devices. A set of rules are learned at the one or more devices based upon observing the change of state activity. The learned set of rules are then applied at the one or more devices to automatically control changes of state of devices within the plurality of devices.

Abstract: The present invention features a method for use by a printer connected to a host to guarantee that the host receives current status from the printer in response to any issued command, not merely a request for status command. The method ensures that the status received by the host corresponds to a command of interest to the host. In addition, when an error occurs in the printer, the host and its application program may determine exactly where in the sequence of transmitted commands the failure has occurred. This allows the host to intelligently restart the failed operation at an appropriate point in the command sequence. The inventive method has proven particularly useful in the point-of-sale (POS) environment.

Abstract: A sampling voltage is periodically applied between contacts of a switch of a device to determine a status of the switch. When a CPU is in a sleep state and the status of the switch is determined closed, the CPU is activated. The sampling voltage when the CPU is in the sleep state is adjusted lower than the one when the CPU is in the wakeup state. This reduces power consumption for the switch status determination. The sampling voltage adjusted at the lower level periodically adjusted to a higher level to reduce errors in the determination due to insulation films on the contacts.

Abstract: A system for collecting and analyzing shipment parameter data, e.g., temperature, vibration, acceleration, shock, humidity, barometric pressure, pH, transit time, container position, etc., affecting predicted statistical variables of articles is provided. Examples of the predicted statistical variables may include article life expectancy, warranty costs, service and/or maintenance schedules, etc. The system is made up of a plurality of data collection subsystems for respectively collecting shipment parameter data encountered by respective articles being shipped, and a data analysis subsystem coupled to receive the collected shipment data for adjusting the respective predicted statistical variables of the articles.

Abstract: A method of driving and controlling a solenoid-operated valve is provided. The solenoid-operated valve can be centrally controlled and managed and it is possible to easily respond to any system change.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for modifying configuration information used to control an on-board monitor located aboard a locomotive. Under the control of a remote monitoring and diagnostic center, the on-board monitor periodically collects information from the locomotive and transmits it to the remote monitoring and diagnostic center. When it is desired to change some aspect associated with the data collection process (including the period during which the data is collected, the types of data collected, etc.), it is necessary to change the configuration file that controls the on-board monitor. The configuration file is changed at the remote monitoring and diagnostic center and then transmitted to the on-board monitor.

Abstract: A method for determining the status of a plurality of in a circuit, each switch having first switching arrangement for controlling the supply of a wetting current to the respective switch, and a second switching arrangement, whereby closure of the second switching arrangement enables the status of the respective switch to be determined, the method including the steps of closing the first switching arrangement associated with each of the switches so as to supply a wetting current to each of the switches and, when each one of the first switching arrangements is closed, closing the second switching arrangement associated with the same switch in order to determine the switch status. The invention also relates to an apparatus for determining the status of a plurality of switches.

Abstract: Within a method for approximating a cycle time for fabricating a microelectronic fabrication within a microelectronic fabrication facility there is first determined from historic data for fabrication of the microelectronic fabrication within the microelectronic fabrication facility a constant which correlates previous microelectronic fabrication loadings and cycle times within the microelectronic fabrication facility. The correlating constant may then be employed for approximating a cycle time for a future work in process (WIP) quantity of the microelectronic fabrication within the microelectronic fabrication facility.

Abstract: The integration of a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a motion control (NC) into a universal motion control (UMC) is realized by a tailored and nonetheless essentially user-configurable run-level model for processing of software tasks. This run-level model consists of types of different user levels and system levels with different priorities. In particular, one of the run levels (FA) can be configured very effectively according to user requirements. Thus, this kind of universal motion control (UMC) can be optimized by software to the particular requirements of the control task and the technical process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for automatically aligning a passenger bridge to a door of an aircraft. The apparatus includes a sensor in the form of a laser range finder, a local computer for receiving signals from the sensor and for controlling bridge movement in dependence thereof, and memory storage for storing data relating to features of aircraft models with which the bridge is to be connected. Automated bridge alignment proceeds under the control of the local computer in dependence upon a determined error factor exceeding a predetermined minimum threshold value, which value is one of a default value and a value specified by a user of the apparatus. Accordingly, the instant invention permits different airlines to accept varying levels of risk associated with automatic bridge alignment.

Abstract: An electronic trip device including an analog measuring for measuring electrical signals, analog-to-digital conversion having an input connected to the analog measuring an output having a first output signal, a digital processing means connected to the conversion for performing protection functions, and an offset correction. The offset corrections means are connected to the output of the conversion, and include high-pass digital filtering for computing an output signal value for each sample signal supplied by the conversion, according to an equation.

Abstract: Apparatus for efficiently supplying energy to a device in a circuit, the apparatus comprising a powered device having a critical path delay; delay line operative to model said critical path delay; control logic responsive to output from said delay line and operative to generate control output; and a power converter operative to adjust supply voltage to said powered device in response to said generated control output, wherein the delay line, the control logic, and the power converter cooperate to provide first order bang-bang control of said critical path delay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for communicating and controlling remotely devices in an automated facility by exchanging electronic messages (“E-mails”) between a server that controls the devices and an operator having a client device that has E-mail capabilities. An automation controller overseeing devices and stations within the facility is configured to send and receive over a network, such as the Internet, E-mail messages containing instructions and information. Accordingly, an operator may be alerted to alarm information, fault codes, and other operational parameters via E-mail, and after correcting the fault code or other problem, the operator may send an E-mail message to the automation controller that the situation has been corrected. The operator may also send and receive other information to and from the devices within the facility.

Abstract: A method for estimating an interference phase shift when receiving a multicarrier signal formed of a time series of symbols modulating a plurality of carrier frequencies, at least some of the carrier frequencies of at least some of the symbols bearing reference elements, whereof the value at transmission level is known by the receiver carrying out the reception. The phase variation &dgr;n between at least two symbols bearing reference elements is estimated by analysing the reference elements. Each of the reference elements in the estimation is weighted by information representing the noise affecting the carrier frequency bearing the reference element.

Abstract: A versatile counting-meter is adapted for use in cycling, jogging and treading on a mini-step, for counting exact exercise amount. The counting-meter includes a casing in which an electronic circuit for a microprocessor and a swing-link counting means for pedometer function is provided. Control keys for selecting a desired function and an LCD for showing counting result are provided at a front surface of the casing. The casing is also provided at a rear surface with a connecting means including an elastic clip located between two parallel rails. The clip is normally pulled by a restoring force thereof to flatly locate in a recess between the rails, so that the casing could be attached to a mating member mounted on a bicycle handlebar or a mini-step by engaging the rails with channels on the mating member, or to a user's belt by clamping the elastic clip onto the belt.