Abstract: An improved empirical model-based surveillance or control system for monitoring or controlling a process or machine provides identification of transitions between operational states. Empirical model-based estimates generated in response to receiving actual operational parameters are compared using a global similarity operator to the actual parameters to indicate whether the process or machine is operating in a stable state, or is in transition from one state to another.

Abstract: A system and method for generating disassembly, procurement and production plans dealing with recyclable parts and products are provided. Production demand information on products to be manufactured, collection schedule information on individual used products and recyclable part table on recyclable parts contained in the used products are stored in memory; recyclable part availability information is generated by referring to the collection schedule information and the recyclable part table; and by referring to the production demand information and the recyclable part availability information, a disassembly plan on the recyclable parts is created based on the production demand. Further, the production demand information and the recyclable part availability information are referenced to generate a procurement plan on parts and materials that cannot be fully supplied from available, recyclable parts alone. Based on the disassembly and procurement plans, a production plan is created.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing the number of input/output connections required to connect a microfluidic substrate to an external controller for controlling the substrate. In one example, a microfluidic processing device is fabricated on a substrate having a plurality of N independently controllable components, (e.g., a resistive heating elements) each having at least two terminals. The substrate includes a plurality of input/output contacts for connecting the substrate to an external controller, and a plurality of leads for connecting the contacts to the terminals of the components. The leads are arranged to allow the external controller to supply control signals to the terminals of the components via the contacts using substantially fewer contacts than the total number of component terminals.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for adjusting a chemical dosage of a pulp processing stage. The method comprises measuring a change in a variable in dependence on the chemical dosage and the chemical dosage to be added, and determining a model describing the change in the variable as a function of the chemical dosage. A performance index is determined for the new model to be compared with the performance index of certain previously determined models. The model that produced the best performance index is put to use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for an electrochemical cell system. The electrochemical cell system includes: an electrochemical cell; an energy source configured for providing a quantity of energy to the electrochemical cell; a sensing apparatus in operable communication with a gas output from the electrochemical cell, the sensing apparatus provides an output signal indicating a parameter of the gas output; and a computer in operable communication with the sensing apparatus. The computer includes a memory device configured to store a first operational parameter, and a processor configured to receive a digital representation of the output signal and the first operational parameter. The processor compares the digital representation of the output signal to the first operational parameter for regulating the quantity of energy provided to the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A dispenser for dispensing and a method of dispensing an ingredient for a machine. An ingredient feed mechanism dispenses the ingredient to the machine. A controller is capable of controlling an amount of the ingredient delivered to the machine by varying an amount of time the ingredient feed mechanism is active. The controller has a demand mode which varies the amount of time the ingredient feed mechanism is active as a function of a parameter obtained from the machine. The controller compares the amount of time the ingredient feed mechanism is active with a reference value and switches to a timed mode if the amount of time deviates from the reference value. The controller may have an initial training mode which measures the amount of time the ingredient feed mechanism is active establishes the reference value based upon the amount of time the ingredient feed mechanism is active.

Abstract: A host and ancillary tool interface methodology for distributed processing is described. The host tool manages a process, except for the generation of a product used in the process. To generate the product, the host tool provides an indication to an ancillary tool that the product is to be generated, and the ancillary tool generates the product after detection of the indication with no further intervention by the host tool. To provide the indication, the host tool preferably activates a control line whose voltage is monitored by the ancillary tool, or alternatively, sets one or more bits in a memory which is periodically checked by the ancillary tool.

Abstract: A control technique for use in a fuel processor is disclosed. In one aspect, a control system includes a subsystem manager controller the operation of a respective physical subsystem for each of a plurality of physical subsystems in the fuel processor. The subsystem managers take their direction from a master control manager. In a second aspect, the subsystem managers collectively form a layer operating in conjunction with a second layer capable of interfacing the subsystem managers to their respective physical subsystems, a third layer capable of interfacing the subsystem managers with the second layer. In a third aspect, master control manager manages the operation of each physical subsystem through a respective subsystem manager, directs state transitions of the subsystem managers, and routs interaction between the subsystem managers from the master control manager.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel supply system includes a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen from an energy source at an outlet pressure. An outlet conduit feeds the hydrogen to a user. A controller controls the hydrogen generator to produce hydrogen at the outlet pressure. An input interface receives user demand data and activates the controller in accordance with the user demand data.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel supply system includes a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen from an energy source at an outlet pressure. An outlet conduit feeds the hydrogen to a user. A controller controls the hydrogen generator to produce hydrogen at the outlet pressure. An input interface receives user demand data and activates the controller in accordance with the user demand data.

Abstract: For estimating a property of use, for example the activity of a catalyst or the ability to hold a ratio-element in a solid mineral matrix, or a material MAB whose active element is AB, there are used a descriptor DAB of the chemical bond between A and B, which has the dimension of an energy, and index RAB that measures the property of use of said material. The invention also relates to a process for determining the chemical affinity of an element or a set of elements B for a matrix A with a descripor DAB. The process according to the invention advantageously can be used for the design of new materials whose use produces the formation or the modification of at least one chemical bond or makes it necessary to prevent the formation of said bond.

Abstract: A controller and method for efficient tracking and optimizing of a machine set-point, to correct for changes in machine characteristics, can include: (a) defining allowed ranges for output product properties and possible machine set-points, and optimal set-point criteria; (b) finding updated constants for the machine model by calibrating the model; (c) using the updated constants to find all set-points providing a product with properties within the allowed ranges; (d) determining an optimized set-point; (e) operating the machine at the optimized set-point, and obtaining a new output product; (f) comparing the properties of the new output product to the allowed ranges; (g) successfully finishing the procedure as finding a new set point if the properties of the output product are within allowed ranges; and, (h) if the properties of the output product are out of said allowed ranges, repeating the procedure from b.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process control where some of the controllable parameters are difficult or impossible to characterize. The present invention relates to process control in biotechnology of such systems, but not limited to. Additionally, the present invention relates to process control in biotechnology minerals processing. In the inventive method, an application of the present invention manipulates a minerals bioprocess to find local exterma (maxima or minima) for selected output variables/process goals by using a learning-based controller for bioprocess oxidation of minerals during hydrometallurgical processing. The learning-based controller operates with or without human supervision and works to find processor optima without previously defined optima due to the non-characterized nature of the process being manipulated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure for determining the risk of flammability of a mixture of two reactive gases A, B, in an inert or base gas, which includes: a step of determining, in the flammability diagram for the A/B/base gas mixture, the change in the composition of the mixture in order to determine whether or not the composition has passed through the flammability region of the flammability diagram, when A is firstly injected into the inert or base gas to form a first mixture and then B is injected into the first mixture in order to form the final mixture; a step of comparing the mixing time, should the region have been passed through, with the chemical induction time for the mixture.

Abstract: A chemical substance total management system aids for reduction of release and transferring amount of managing substances in business entities. The system retrieves releasing and transferring amount record relating to predetermined managing substance on the basis of total tabulation link information with correlation between the tabulation result record managing releasing and transferring amount of managing substance per releasing and transferring destination and releasing and transferring amount record to be a source generating tabulation result record.

Abstract: Method for enhancing the reliability of the traceability of blood samples resulting from collection of whole blood in a mother blood bag using sampling kits, whose contents vary depending on the blood products needed and statutory regulations, and which are mainly composed of bags connected to each other by tubes and incorporating at least one filtration unit. Each bag includes an electronic chip capable of memorising and exchanging information with an electronic communication device. This abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A programmable aerosol generator forms a volatilized liquid by supplying a material in liquid form to a flow passage and heating the flow passage, such that the material volatilizes and expands out of an outlet of the channel. The volatilized material, if desired, mixes with ambient air such that volatilized material condenses to form the aerosol. An apparatus and method for generating such a volatilized liquid, as well as the control and methods of heating, are disclosed as an analytical tool useful for experimental use, a tool useful for production of commercial products or an inhaler device.

Abstract: A catalyst development engine (CDE) provides a rapid approach to the rational development of scalable heterogeneous catalysts and of high-performance solid materials. The CDE includes three main components: the testing cycle, the knowledge cycle, and the knowledge repository or database. The knowledge cycle generates working hypotheses relating performance to key catalyst properties via machine learning methods, computation chemistry and micro-kinetic modeling. Such an approach accelerates development and scale-up of new materials without the impediments introduced by conventional combinatorial approaches based on randomly selected materials.

Abstract: A computerized method and apparatus for analyzing numerical data pertaining to a sample assay comprising at least one biological sample, with the data including a set of data pertaining to each respective sample, and each set of data including a plurality of values each representing a condition of the respective sample at a point in time. The method and apparatus assigns a respective numerical value to each of the data values, corrects the data values by removing an additive background value from each of the data values, computes a single metric for each patient and compares that values to two known reference values to determine the genotype.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for indicating satisfactory times for titrating a chemical solution, e.g., cleaning product, used by a utility device to clean and/or sanitize various types of articles. The utility device is described in an exemplary embodiment as being a warewashing machine that applies the chemical solution to articles provided to the machine on racks. The chemical solution is formed in a solution tank from a combination of at least one chemical product and at least one rinse agent. Whereas the chemical product is described as a detergent, the rinse agent is described as water. Over a time period including multiple wash cycles, the chemical product and the rinse agent are added to the solution tank, thereby changing conductivity of the chemical solution.

Abstract: A client station receives input data from a user relating to a particular crisis incident. The client station includes user interface software elements adapted to guide a user through the process of creating, maintaining and distributing relevant crisis response information for the incident specified. The interface includes displayed menus of selectable, hierarchically organized options and sub-options which guide the user through the relevant processes. Apart from manual data entry, the system allows importation of existing data files to fill in required entry fields using mapping methodology. Upon being presented with one screen interface, the user is given a choice of expert pre-specified crisis plan templates with which to produce and print a finished response plan for the specified incident. The user input data is forwarded to a server, and integrated with the specified template in a master data store into comprehensive, coherent crisis response stored at a user data store 1504.

Abstract: A method comprising: a) selecting a loading variable from operating variables, the loading variable being directly related to total energy input into the system and equipment constraint of the system; b) selecting a performance specification variable which is required to be kept within a defined target at all times during operation of the system; and c) pairing the performance specification variable with a manipulated variable having a mass/balance relationship to the performance specification which is not the loading variable and; d) controlling the manipulated variable to maintain the performance specification variable with the defined target.

Abstract: A novel method is provided for detection and/or control of the dynamics, e.g. the headspace, in a fluid bed reactor system based on detecting a pre-determined particle density gradient formed within a spatially confined fluid bed of fluidised particles in a carrying medium. More specifically, a method is provided where transmitting means and receiving means are used for detecting the pre-determined particle density gradient formed and subsequently the signal is used for activating or deactivating flow controlling means whereby the dynamics of the system can be controlled.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for qualifying products containing volatile substances forming an analyte. The devices includes a measuring apparatus (2) provided with an enclosure (21a) and an electronic analyzing circuit (21b) for defining said analyte characteristics, a pumping system (30) for producing a vacuum inside said enclosure, a sampling chamber (16) wherein the analyte is introduced and a capillary (22) for connecting said chamber (16) to said enclosure (21a).

Abstract: An energy distribution network is provided including an energy source; a hydrogen production facility connected to the energy source; a recipient for hydrogen from the hydrogen production facility; and a controller. The controller controls the production of hydrogen by the hydrogen production facility based on inputs including energy resource availability.

Abstract: A diluting solution moving unit moves a diluting solution in forward and reverse directions in a flow path. A probe is connected to the flow path through a T-junction and sucks a sample. A sample syringe is connected to the flow path through a T-junction. A control unit performs controlling so that the diluting solution moving unit is driven to move the diluting solution in the flow path and the sample syringe is driven to make the probe suck the sample into the flow path to thereby dilute the sucked sample with the diluting solution and further driven so that the sample solution diluted with the diluting solution is delivered from the probe into any one of reaction containers. There can be provided a dispensing apparatus in which dilution of the sample is made in a short time and in which the accuracy of the diluting rate is improved.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph in which the substances of a substance mixture that is to be analyzed are separated in a separation device and are detected in a detector device. An evaluation device (10) provides a result (11) in the form of a quantitative determination of given substances depending on the detector signals. To obtain a relatively rapid analysis result, an additional detector device (13), which generates additional detector signals (16) based on the substances that at this stage have not been completely separated, is located in the path of the separation device (6). A computational unit (18) provides a quantitative determination of at least one part of the given substances as a further result (20), based on the additional detector signals (16). This somewhat imprecise but rapid result can be used for rapid control or regulatory interventions in a process (4).

Abstract: A chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) system includes a point of use chemical mixing system. The point of use chemical mixing system includes a first and a second pump, a first and a second flow sensor, a mixer and a controller. The first pump has an input coupled to a first chemical supply and the first flow sensor coupled to the output of the first pump. The second pump has an input coupled to a second chemical supply and the second flow sensor coupled to the output of the second pump. The mixer has inputs coupled to the output of the first and second flow sensors. The controller is configured to receive signals from the first and second flow sensors and to produce control signals for the first and second pumps and the mixer. The controller is further configured to cause a mixture of the first and second chemicals upon a demand from the CMP process.

Abstract: Fully automated modular analytical systems with integrated instrumentation for analysis of biopolymer samples, such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and carbohydrates, are provided. Analytical methods of detection and analysis, such as mass spectrometry, radiolabeling, mass tags, chemical tags and fluorescence chemiluminescence, are integrated with robotic technology and automated chemical reaction systems to provide a high-throughput, accurate Automated Process Line (APL).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and processes are disclosed for determining emissions outputs. One method communicates with a communications network and acquires at least one of energy usage information associated with sources of emissions and emissions information associated with sources of emissions. The energy usage information and the emissions information is acquired as each occurs in real time. The method reports emissions outputs based upon the acquired real time information. Another method communicates with a communications network and acquires at least one of energy usage information associated with sources of emissions and emissions information associated with sources of emissions. This embodiment stores the acquired information as each occurs in real time. Emissions outputs are reported for the industrial process, the emissions outputs based upon the acquired real time information.

Abstract: Computer programs and computer-implemented methods for monitoring the progress and properties of parallel chemical reactions. The invention repeatedly receives a measured value or values associated with the contents of each of a plurality of reactor vessels and displays the measured over the course of a combinatorial chemical reaction. Reaction parameters associated with individual reactor vessels are changed in response to the value measured during the reaction. Reaction parameters include temperature, pressure, stirring speed. The reaction occurring in one or more reactor vessels is quenched in response to values measured during the reaction. The measured values are used to calculate experimental results including temperature change, pressure change, percent conversion of starting material, and viscosity. The measured values and experimental results are displayed. In another aspect, the invention features a method for controlling a combinatorial chemical reactor.

Abstract: An objective of this invention is to provide a process for selecting rationally and quickly a wet process treatment in which an etchant can be shared based on a minimum preliminary investigation while eliminating cross contamination derived from a newly employed material, in a cleaning-apparatus line configuration in a process for manufacturing a silicon semiconductor device. In advance, an element which is suspected to cause cross contamination is added to an etchant used in a wet processing, a silicon substrate is immersed in the etchant, and then a correlation between a concentration of the element adhesively remaining still on the surface of the silicon substrate after the etchant is washed out with water and a concentration of the dissolved element in the etchant. On the basis of the result, the upper concentration limit of the element remaining by cross contamination is estimated when sharing the etchant.

Abstract: A multi-analyzer system where at least two automatic clinical analyzers are linked together by a bi-directional sample rack shuttle, both analyzers initially capable of performing a slightly different menu of assays. The bi-directional incoming and outgoing sample rack transport system of a first one of the two analyzers is automatically converted into a one-way incoming sample rack transport system adapted and the incoming sample tube transport system of a second of the two analyzers is automatically converted into a one-way outgoing transport system adapted to dispose of all sample racks having sample tubes with samples finally tested by either analyzer. In the event that one of the two analyzers experiences an operating failure, the analyzer system may automatically revert to a single analyzer system employing only the operational analyzer.

Abstract: Polishing slurry is transported via piping to flow into the closed loop control system. First, the polishing slurry flows into the ultrasonic concentration detector. Original data of the polishing slurry that is determined by means of ultrasonic concentration detector is a fluid velocity at that time. This determined value can be converted into weight percent concentration at that time by memory data table. The converted data of weight percent concentration will be transmitted into program logic controller (PLC), and the data of liquid level volume in the distribution tank will be transmitted into program logic controller at present. The program logic controller will then analyze whether the quantity of oxidant is sufficient. If the quantity of oxidant does not reach the required criterion, the program logic controller will control the analog valve to transmit a supplementary quantity of oxidant into the distribution tank via the analog valve and piping.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus is provided for monitoring and adjusting the quality of indoor air. A sensor array senses an air sample from the indoor air and analyzes the air sample to obtain signatures representative of contaminants in the air sample. When the level or type of contaminant poses a threat or hazard to the occupants, the present invention takes corrective actions which may include introducing additional fresh air. The corrective actions taken are intended to promote overall health of personnel, prevent personnel from being overexposed to hazardous contaminants and minimize the cost of operating the HVAC system. The identification of the contaminants is performed by comparing the signatures provided by the sensor array with a database of known signatures. Upon identification, the system takes corrective actions based on the level of contaminant present.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for preparing and supplying a slurry to a chemical mechanical polishing machine. The slurry contains liquid components at a predetermined mixing ratio. The apparatus includes draw ports for separately drawing therethrough the liquid components, and a discharge port for supplying the slurry to the machine. Feed pumps are arranged on feed lines for the liquid components, respectively, said feed lines extending from the individual draw ports to the discharge port, such that the feed pumps can draw the corresponding liquid components in specific amounts to give the mixing ratio and can deliver the thus-drawn liquid components toward the discharge port, respectively. Dampers and pressurization valves are arranged in combinations on the respective feed lines on delivery sides of the feed pumps. Flowmeters are arranged on downstream sides of the corresponding combinations of the dampers and pressurization valves.

Abstract: A system for retrieving information from a plurality of databases, even when the content of the databases is different. A target database-extracting device extracts databases containing data that has been sought to retrieve. An integrated information retrieval device integrates data from the extracted databases and retrieves records from the databases matching retrieval conditions. A systematic retrieval device retrieves other record from the extracted databases that are systematically close to the records designated to be retrieved. The systematic closeness between records is calculated as a function of the degree of similarity between information in the records. Records are calculated A retrieval result display device displays the results of the retrieval by the integrated retrieval device and by the systematic retrieval device.

Abstract: An interlock controller provides real time monitoring of the flow of gases or fluids into a semiconductor processing chamber and interrupts the flow when the peak flow exceeds a predetermined level. The controller receives signals from a mass flow control valve, respectively representing a commanded flow rate and an actual flow rate. The difference between these two signals is calculated and if the difference exceeds a certain value, a measurement cycle is initiated during which the peak flow rate is measured. If the measured peak low rate is greater than a predetermined value, then the controller closes a shut off vale to interrupt the flow into the chamber.

Abstract: A gas pipe explorer formed of a plurality of connecting elements, and an articulation element between the connected elements. The connected elements include drive capabilities, and the articulation element allows the connected elements to traverse gas pipes of arbitrary shapes and sizes. A sensor may sends the characteristics of the gas pipe, and the communication element may send back those sends characteristics. The communication can be wired, over a tether connecting the device to a remote end. Alternatively, the connection can be wireless, driven by either a generator or a battery.

Abstract: A method of controlling a gas distribution system in which one or more air separation plants supply gaseous oxygen and nitrogen products to pipeline sections. The air separation plants are controlled by supervisory control systems that direct production rates of the gaseous products to be consumed by customers connected to the pipeline sections. The gas distribution system is controlled by a model predictive control system in which empirically determined open loop response models are used to generate open loop responses of the pipeline sections due to changes in customer demands. Optimized closed loop responses in production rate requests to the supervisory control systems are generated by model predictive control techniques.

Abstract: A communication system for automatic synthesis apparatus is formed of an automatic synthesis apparatus and a computer connected to the automatic synthesis apparatus. The automatic synthesis apparatus has a reaction block to produce synthetic compounds along synthesis procedures, and an operation notification creation device for creating operation notification mails according to operating conditions in the synthesis procedures. The computer includes a per-operation transmission setting device for setting to the automatic synthesis apparatus as to whether transmissions of the operation notification mails along the synthesis procedures to the computer are performed or not, and an operation notification mail display device for displaying the operation notification mail. The operating conditions can be monitored by the operation notification mail display device as desired.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and sub-systems, for processing at least one chemical reaction, including one or more of constructing at least one chemical reaction query, searching at least one database using the at least one chemical reaction query, receiving at least one hit from the at least one database in response to the at least one chemical reaction query, selecting at least one desired hit from the at least one hit, creating the at least one chemical reaction using the at least one desired hit as a template, conducting the at least one chemical reaction using a reaction apparatus, and documenting at least one result of the at least one chemical reaction.

Abstract: Many organic raw materials contain sulfur components, and the sulfur component is a catalyst poisoning component for their catalysts to decrease steam reforming reactivity.

Abstract: A method of monitoring process parameters and process effectiveness over a global network enables multiple processing sites to utilize globally compiled field data to determine process parameters and the like. Application parameters are received from multiple processing sites over the global network, and post-application data is received from the multiple processing sites at preset time intervals. The application parameters and the post-application data are analyzed to determine analytical models for future application parameters, which are accessible by system users via the global network.

Abstract: In the prevent invention a controllable acoustic source (14) in connection with the process fluid (10) emits a signal (18) into the fluid (10), consisting of a suspension of particles (12), being volumes of gas, liquid or solid phase. The controllable acoustic signal (18) is allowed to interact with the particles (12), and the acoustic (pressure) signals (22) resulting from such an interaction is measured preferably via a sensor (24). A spectrum is measured. The spectrum is used to predict properties, content and/or size of the particles (12) and/or used to control a process in which the process fluid (10) participates. The prediction is performed in the view of the control of the acoustic source (14). The used acoustic signal has preferably a frequency below 20 kHz.

Abstract: A method of analysis wherein molecular interactions at one or more sensing surface areas are detected and respective response curves representing the progress of each interaction with time are produced, and wherein a resulting set of response curves is subjected to a quality assessment procedure which comprises representing the response curves with one or more quality descriptors, applying a quality classification method to the descriptors to find outliers, and removing the outliers. The invention also relates to an analytical system including means for classifying the response curves with regard to quality, a computer program for performing the classification, and a computer program product containing the program.

Abstract: A process and system for purifying an impure gas to produce a purified gas in a gas purification system and protecting the system from damage by a) passing a portion of a first gas stream into a reactor vessel, which exits as a second purified gas stream; b) combining a portion of the second purified gas stream with another portion of the first gas stream to form a combined gas stream; and c) passing the combined gas stream into a sensing device to regulate the flow of the first and second gas streams into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A modular materials characterization apparatus includes a sensor array disposed on a substrate, with a standardized array and contact pad format; electronic test and measurement apparatus for sending electrical signals to and receiving electrical signals from the sensor array; an apparatus for making electrical contact to the sensors in the standardized array format; an apparatus for routing signals between one or more selected sensors and the electronic test and measurement apparatus and a computer including a computer readable having a computer program recorded therein for controlling the operator of the apparatus. The sensor array is preferably arranged in a standardized format used in combinatorial chemistry applications for rapid deposition of sample materials on the sensor array.

Abstract: A chloride dioxide generation system made efficient by the use of a minimum number of seals and the use of a sophisticated computerized control system with the chlorine dioxide generation system comprising a) multiple PID loop control, b) a touch screen interface (HMI), c) automatic flow control of chemical precursors, d) a process controller, e) a minimum number of seals, f) a seal-less vacuum eductor, g) a unit design of the ejector; seal-less tubing connector and seal-less manual flowmeters, h) a vacuum eductor to be used with gas supply and other chemical feeds, i) a mass dispersion chlorine flowmeter to accurately supply amount of chlorine gas, j) an optical chlorine dioxide analyzer looped to the process controller and k) an automatic efficiency control screen.

Abstract: The invention described herein includes a method of testing a specimen such as urine to determine whether the specimen contains specific substances such as drugs of abuse. An on-site screening test provides a preliminary test result either by visual or machine analysis of a screening test device, and the result and user data are entered on a provided form. An electronic image of the form is sent to a central data location, where it is received and the data on the form is recognized by machine and stored. If the on-site screening test provided a nonnegative result a sample is sent to a laboratory for further testing, and if the test provides only negative results no further testing is done. The testing laboratory performs further testing for verification of nonnegative screening test results, and all data is collected at the central data location. Results are then reported to the client or whomever the client designates to receive test results.