Abstract: A system for determining if a tire of a vehicle is improperly inflated. The system includes a radar, a wheel speed sensor, and a controller. The radar is configured to emit a signal to detect a reflection of the signal off of an object positioned perpendicular to the vehicle, and to output an indication of a speed of the vehicle. The wheel speed sensor is configured to sense a speed of a wheel of the vehicle. The controller is configured to receive the indication of the speed of the vehicle from the radar, to calculate a speed of the vehicle based on the sensed speed of the wheel, and to determine a tire of the wheel is improperly inflated when the speed of the vehicle calculated using the wheel speed sensor varies by more than a predetermined amount from the speed of the vehicle determined using the radar signal.

Abstract: A method and system for displaying a traction control ON/OFF menu at a display module in a vehicle upon detection of vehicle characteristics and conditions that may warrant a driver's desire to manually disable the traction control feature. The method and system verify traction control is enabled on the vehicle, verify the traction control ON/OFF menu is not already being displayed at a display module, a controller receives at least one signal indicating an occasion that may warrant manual deactivation of traction control and the controller initiates displaying the traction control ON/OFF menu for the convenience of the driver.

Abstract: Method for determining wear of a friction plate of an automatically actuated friction clutch, particularly in a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine, wherein initially at a prescribed clutch slip and a prescribed clutch torque in an earlier friction lining test point an earlier clutch actuation travel is determined and stored, later again at the prescribed clutch slip and the prescribed clutch torque in a later friction lining test point a later clutch actuation travel is determined, thereafter the earlier clutch actuation travel and the later clutch actuation travel are compared to each other and a differential value is determined, and thereafter a friction lining wear is determined using the differential value, in order to reliably determine friction lining wear in a time interval and with only little effort, so that a depreciation of function due to a worn friction lining can be prevented in a timely manner.

Abstract: A method of estimating a state of charge of a secondary cell includes: calculating a value of (?Eemf/?T) in advance on the assumption that Eemf is an electromotive force of the secondary cell and T is a temperature of the secondary cell; and calculating the state of charge based on at least a value of (?Eemf/?T) for which a value of the state of charge is set as a variable, a temperature measurement value of the secondary cell, and a current measurement value of the secondary cell.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for monitoring yield while harvesting. In one embodiment a mass flow rate sensor measures the mass flow rate of the harvested grain. A weight sensor measures the weight of the harvested grain. The measured mass flow rate is correlated with the weight of the harvested grain. Processing circuitry calculates any error in the measured mass flow rate using the measured weight. The calculated error is used to correct any inaccuracy in the measured mass flow rate.

Abstract: Diagnostic system including a sensor device with a sensor for generating signals corresponding to a first operational condition, a control device with a timer and function for performance of measurements, and a signal transmission device. The system includes a device for determination of a second operational condition of the system component and configured where the sensor value of the signal transmission device corresponding to the first operational condition is furnished when the sensor value corresponding to a second operational condition of the transmission mechanism is higher or lower than a comparative value, and housing component of a lubricant container and in particular closure device for sealing an opening of such a housing component from a lubricant which is present in the operational use thereof in an internal space thereof, having arranged therein: at least one sensor device comprising at least one sensor for determining the water content in the lubricant.

Abstract: A method for testing a hydraulic braking system. The method includes activating a brake master cylinder of the braking system mechatronically, and measuring a set of measured decision ratios pertaining to the distance travelled by the piston of the brake master cylinder to the corresponding pressure developed in the brake fluid. The measured decision ratios are then compared with a set of reference decision ratios. In a case where the measured decision ratios lie within a predetermined range, it is detected that the braking system is correctly filled with the brake fluid. However, in a case where the measured decision ratios lie outside the predetermined range, it is determined that the braking system has not been correctly filled with the brake fluid and some air is present in the brake fluid flow circuit of the braking system.

Abstract: A brake fade determination device determines whether a fade state of a brake device that brakes a wheel of a vehicle is occurring on the basis of the deceleration of the vehicle and the slip amount of the wheel. A braking system includes: the brake device that is able to adjust a braking force that acts on the wheel of the vehicle; and a controller that controls the braking force to control the slip condition of the wheel. The controller determines whether a fade state of the brake device is occurring on the basis of the deceleration of the vehicle and the slip amount of the wheel, and adjusts the amount of increase or decrease in braking force on the basis of whether the fade state is occurring.

Abstract: An brake control apparatus includes a reference temperature acquiring unit which acquires a reference temperature correlating with a fluid temperature of a vehicle; an offset amount update unit which increases an offset amount with respect to the reference temperature of the fluid temperature depending on a lapsed time from the starting of the vehicle; and a fluid temperature estimation unit which estimates the fluid temperature by applying the offset amount to the reference temperature.

Abstract: A tire inflation pressure obtaining unit obtains tire inflation pressure. An inflation pressure storing unit stores a tire inflation pressure after start of travel of a vehicle as an after-travel inflation pressure. A pressure reduction determining unit determines reduction in the tire inflation pressure based on the tire inflation pressure obtained. A reference pressure setting unit sets larger one of the after-travel inflation pressure and a predetermined lowest reference pressure as a reference pressure of tire inflation pressure determination when reduction in the tire inflation pressure is determined, and sets the lowest reference pressure as a reference pressure of tire inflation pressure determination when reduction in the tire inflation pressure is not determined. An alarm unit generates an alarm when the tire inflation pressure becomes below an alarm pressure threshold which is determined from the reference pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a vehicle implementing one or more processing modules. These modules are configured to connect and interface with the various buses in the vehicle, where the various buses are connected with the various components of the vehicle to facilitate information transfer among the vehicle components. Each processing module is further modularized with the ability to add and replace other functional modules now or in the future. These functional modules can themselves act as distinct vehicle components. Each processing module may hand-off processing to other modules depending on its health, processing load, or by third-party control. Thus, the plurality of processing modules helps to implement a middleware point of control to the vehicle with redundancy in processing and safety and security awareness in their applications.

Abstract: The present invention is a valve for use in a central tire inflation system including a casing securable to the rim of a vehicle in communication with the tire that houses a main body connectable to a pressurized fluid supply of the central tire inflation system, and a valve member moveable within the main body to control the flow of air through the valve. The valve can be mounted flush on the exterior surface of the rim or in a recessed position within the rim, and can be connected to a manifold that is able to control the flow of pressurized fluid from the central tire inflation system to each valve and tire connected to the valve. The operation of the manifold and pressurized fluid supply can be controlled utilizing a controller operably connected to the manifold and fluid supply, and to sensing devices in the valve that supply information regarding the operational conditions of the vehicle to the controller to assist in adjusting the inflation of the tires as necessary.

Abstract: A wheel alignment apparatus is capable of automatically obtaining tire pressure information from a plurality of tire pressure monitor systems. The wheel alignment apparatus may include an alignment bay configured to receive a vehicle and an optical system located at an end of the alignment bay and configured to provide an image of wheels of the vehicle. The wheel alignment apparatus may also include a camera configured to receive the image of the wheels of the vehicle and a computer configured to display the image of the wheels of the vehicle and automatically display tire pressure information of the wheels of the vehicle when the vehicle is located within a predetermined proximity of the wheel alignment apparatus.

Abstract: In view of the matter that an abnormality occurred in an operating portion of a control system comes out in an early stage as a result of the control, while it takes a time for an abnormality occurred in the generation of a controlling amount for controlling the operation of an operating portion to come out, in ceasing the control when an abnormality has occurred in the control system the controlling amount is decreased at a higher speed when the abnormality of the controlling amount was judged than a speed at which the operation of the operating device is decreased when the abnormality of the operating device was judged.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS). In embodiments, a TPMS comprises a wheel unit and a control unit. Each wheel unit collects acceleration data and uses that data to determine a time at which the wheel unit will be at an angular position desired for signal transmission. Embodiments also include systems and methods for detecting vehicle acceleration by wheel units and determining robustness of acceleration data with respect to noise and vehicle acceleration.

Abstract: An on-engine data storage device for a gas turbine engine includes a housing, an interface device, and a memory device. The interface device can communicate with a peripheral device. The memory device is mounted within the housing and is operable to store engine data related to the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a powertrain having first and second rotatable members, speed sensors, and a controller. The speed sensors generate output signals encoding the speeds of the respective first and second rotatable members. The controller calculates a rotation angle of the members using the output signals and estimates a torque value in the powertrain as a function of the rotation angles. The sensors may count the teeth of respective first and second toothed gear elements and encode the count as the output signals. The controller may estimate the torque value as a function of a linear coefficient and the present gear ratio of the sensors. The controller may also detect a commanded upshift of the transmission and detect a fill event of an oncoming clutch of the transmission as a function of the corresponding rotation angles for the rotatable members. The members may be input, output, or intermediate members.

Abstract: A common rail fuel system diagnostic algorithm is executed by an engine control and real time to detect and identify a faulty fuel system component. Rail pressure data is processed through a digital resonating filter having a resonance frequency corresponding to a fault signature. A peak magnitude and phase of the output from the digital resonating filter reveals a degradation level of a fuel injector, and a phase of the output identifies which fuel injector is faulted.

Abstract: A fuel system diagnostic wakeup system for a vehicle includes a first control module. The first control module generates a wakeup request, powers off when the vehicle powers off, and powers on and performs a fuel system diagnostic in response to a wakeup signal while the vehicle is powered off. A second control module independent of the first control module receives the wakeup request and generates the wakeup signal after the vehicle powers off based on the wakeup request.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an overview-head view of an industrial machine, such as a shovel. One system includes at least one processor configured to receive data from at least one sensor installed on the shovel relating to the area around the shovel, identify a plurality of planes based on the data, determine if the plurality of planes are positioned in a predetermined configuration associated with a haul truck, and if the plurality of planes are positioned in the predetermined configuration, superimpose the plurality of planes on an overhead-view image of the shovel and the area.

Abstract: Methods, program products, hybrid, and non-hybrid vehicles are provided for providing diagnostics for a direct current (DC) converter of the hybrid, and non-hybrid vehicle. The vehicle includes an engine, a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), the direct current (DC) converter, and a controller. The engine is automatically turned on and off based on driver inputs in accordance with an auto-stop feature. The RESS at least facilitates turning on the engine. The DC converter is coupled to the RESS. The controller is coupled to the DC converter, and is configured to determine a status of the engine, receive a DC converter voltage value from the DC converter, and provide diagnostics for the DC converter based on the engine status, RESS voltage, and the DC converter voltage.

Abstract: A method of determining if any usable life remains in a brake component of a brake, the method comprising the steps of using a processor to determine a total number of brake events, and using a processor to determine from the total number of brake events if any usable life remains in the brake component.

Abstract: An output section of one detection coil of a first resolver and an output section of one detection coil of a second resolver are connected by a first inter-coil resistor element, and an output section of the other detection coil of the first resolver and an output section of the other detection coil of the second resolver are connected by a second inter-coil resistor element. A sin wave signal for excitation is supplied to one of first and second excitation coils, and a cos wave signal for excitation having the same frequency as that of the sin wave signal for excitation and having a phase delay of 90° in relation to the sin wave signal for excitation is supplied to the other of the first and second excitation coils. By virtue of this configuration, the rotational angles of the two resolvers can be calculated even when one of detection lines is broken.

Abstract: A brake pressure computing apparatus acquires a target cylinder pressure which is a target value of the pressure inside the brake cylinder of an air brake, and is equipped with a target cylinder pressure acquirer, a deceleration differential information acquirer, and a target cylinder pressure correction value acquirer. The target cylinder pressure acquirer acquires a target cylinder pressure on the basis of a required braking force and a target cylinder pressure correction value. The deceleration differential information acquirer acquires deceleration differential information indicating the difference between the target value of the deceleration and the actual value of the deceleration. The target cylinder pressure correction value acquirer acquires the target cylinder pressure correction value on the basis of the deceleration differential information.

Abstract: Methods, program products, and vehicles are provided for providing diagnostics for a smart sensor, such as a direct current (DC) converter, for a vehicle. A result of a diagnostic test is received from the smart sensor at a first time. A sequence indicator is retrieved from memory. The sequence indicator pertains to a second time in which the diagnostic test is expected to be completed by the smart sensor. A health assessment is provided using the result via a processor, provided that the second time does not precede the first time. The health assessments may be linked individually to a diagnostic trouble code, or may be grouped together and linked as a group to a diagnostic trouble code. Multiple smart sensor health assessments may be grouped and linked to diagnostic trouble codes.

Abstract: A diagnosing system for diagnosing a control device of a vehicle-mounted equipment is provided, which has a chip of integrated circuit that stores a control program data for controlling the vehicle-mounted equipment, a control program data storage zone arranged in the chip and storing the control program data for controlling the vehicle-mounted equipment, a diagnosing data storage zone arranged in the chip and storing a diagnosing data that is provided by modifying the control program data and a data abnormality diagnosing section that detects an abnormality of the control program data by comparing the control program data with the diagnosing data.

Abstract: A brake monitoring system for use on a motor vehicle includes a sensor connected to each brake actuator on the motor vehicle for monitoring the position and travel of the brake actuator and for generating and transmitting a brake condition signal; a data processor carried in an axle box associated with each axle and connected to sensors associated with brakes for the axle for receiving, interpreting, storing, and upon request, transmitting the brake condition signal, wherein each data processor includes an auto-address mechanism to identify its position on the vehicle; and a master station, wherein said master station includes a display for identifying a particular vehicle brake, a quantitative indication of the travel on the brake actuator associated with the particular brake, and wherein said visual indicating devices which are indicative of said safety condition of a particular brake.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program for simulating vehicle energy use is provided. The system comprises a server, an energy modeling tool is linked to a server and generates energy consumption data that provides an energy consumption function of a vehicle under consideration. The data logging tool is linked to test vehicles and collects drive cycle data from real-world driving conditions. The data logging tool then communicates the drive cycle data to the server over a network. The fleet management tool is also linked to the server and combines the energy consumption data with the drive cycle data to estimate the energy use of a vehicle under consideration.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for an exhaust pressure regulator provided in an exhaust system connected to a turbocharged internal combustion engine includes demanding engine brake, measuring a back pressure in the exhaust system by a back pressure sensor provided between the exhaust pressure regulator and a turbo unit when demanding engine brake, measuring the boost pressure by a boost pressure sensor provided in the inlet manifold when demanding engine brake, comparing the measured back pressure and the measured boost pressure with stored back pressure and boost pressure values in order to determine whether there is a defective pressure regulator or a defective backpressure sensor. A diagnostic apparatus for an exhaust pressure regulator provided in an exhaust system connected to a turbocharged internal combustion engine is also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an engine. A condition of the engine may be diagnosed based on a combustion torque profile of the engine estimated using signals from a generator operationally connected to the engine and/or other signals associated with the engine. Different types of degradation may be distinguished based on discerning characteristics within the estimated combustion torque profile data. Thus, a degraded engine component may be identified in a manner that reduces service induced delay.

Abstract: An engine starter system that predicts when starter failure is imminent. The engine starter system monitors engine starter crank speed, battery voltage and ambient air temperature. The crank speed, battery voltage and ambient air temperature are communicated to a controller which compares the crank speed for the measured battery voltage and air temperature to a predicted crank speed for the measured battery voltage and air temperature. If the crank speed is lower than the predicted crank speed, a signal is sent to an alarm.

Abstract: A monitoring method for monitoring a filter of a feed circuit for feeding an aircraft engine with fuel, the method including: detecting clogging of the filter; issuing an indication message; determining a current stage from among a plurality of successive stages of a mission of the aircraft, including at least a stage during which clogging of the filter is not capable of being caused by ice, and a stage during which clogging of the filter might be caused by ice; and in response to detecting clogging, determining the type of clogging as a function of the current stage; wherein during the issuing an indication message, the message that is issued depends on the type of clogging.

Abstract: There is provided a controller for controlling a vehicle device, which includes a circuit board having mounted thereon a control circuit that controls operations of the vehicle device, a first temperature sensor mounted on a first specific region of the circuit board to output a first signal responsive to a temperature of the first specific region of the circuit board and a second temperature sensor mounted on a second specific region of the circuit board to output a second signal responsive to a temperature of the second specific region of the circuit board. The control circuit has an anomaly detection portion that judges the occurrence or non-occurrence of an output anomaly in the first temperature sensor based on the first and second signals of the first and second temperature sensors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of monitoring the effectiveness of a damper system, wherein the method consists in measuring the relative movements of two strength members, in filtering the measurements in order to isolate those that relate to the lead-lag resonant frequency of the blade, in rectifying the signal, in recording the signal, in comparing the rectified signal (S) with a threshold value (SL), in determining an initial time interval (T0) as soon as the rectified signal exceeds the threshold value (SL), in calculating the integrals of the signal from T0 to T0+? and from T0 to T0+p?, in calculating the ratio R of the integrals, and in comparing the ratio R with a limit value RL, and in activating and delivering an alert signal (V1) if the ratio R is greater than or equal to the limit value RL.

Abstract: A vehicle body vibration estimating device for estimating a vehicle body vibration as a sprung mass of a vehicle where wheels are suspended via a suspension device. The vehicle body vibration estimating device includes a wheel speed physical quantity detecting section and a vibration estimating section. The wheel speed physical quantity detecting section detects a wheel speed physical quantity related to wheel speed, which is a circumferential velocity of a wheel. The vibration estimating section estimates the vehicle body vibration from a correlation relationship between displacements in a back-and-forth direction and displacements in an up-and-down direction of the wheels with respect to the vehicle body, and the wheel speed physical quantity detected by the wheel speed physical quantity detecting section.

Abstract: In a method for determining a failure in a service or parking brake having an electromotive and a hydraulic brake device for generating a clamping force, an error is detected in the hydraulic brake device if an electromotive characteristic of the electric brake motor is outside an admissible value range.

Abstract: A Virtual Electrical and Electronic Device Interface and Management System (VEEDIMS) support architecture is provided. In one example, the VEEDIMS support architecture includes a vehicle layer and a shop layer. The vehicle layer has a module and a controller positioned in a vehicle. The module is configured to couple to a device via an input/output (I/O) interface compatible with the device and configured to couple to the controller via a cable adapted to simultaneously carry bi-directional data and uni-directional power to the module. The shop layer is separate from the vehicle layer and has a browser configured to communicate with an HTTP server in the module and an analysis tool configured to receive and analyze event driven and time series data from the controller.

Abstract: A method for setting a sensor for a tire pressure monitoring system in a motor vehicle, includes storing a plurality of encoding procedures is stored the sensor. By sending instructions to the sensor by the setter, all other encoding procedures except the required encoding procedures from a plurality of encoding procedures stored in advance in the sensor are processed, neither able to be encoded nor to be invoked for encoding. Furthermore, during application, data encoded by an encoding procedure is required to be sent out, thus not only solving the problem characterized by large data processing and large power consumption, but also preventing the sensor from being counterfeited by lawbreakers easily.

Abstract: A steering apparatus is provided with: a specifying device which is configured to specify an environment of a road on which a vehicle travels, on the basis of a manipulated amount of the steering wheel manipulated by a driver and a change of the manipulated amount in a predetermined period.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a brake system for motor vehicles. The system can be actuated both by a vehicle driver and independently of the vehicle driver in what is known as a brake-by-wire mode. The hydraulic actuation device can be actuated by means of a brake pedal and has a main brake cylinder to which wheel brakes are connected, at least two brake circuits, a simulation device, which comprises at least one elastic element and gives the vehicle driver a comfortable pedal feeling, an electrically controllable pressure-providing device, which is formed by a cylinder/piston assembly, the piston of which can be actuated by an electromagnetic actuator, wherein the first measurement variable (PDBE) characterizing a position of the piston is detected. The detected measurement value of the first and second measurement variable (SDBE, PDBE) are compared to a predetermined characteristic map of the first and second measurement variables in order to monitor a functional status of the brake system.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a vehicle pedal are disclosed. According to the present disclosure, the method comprises determining whether a stimulus has been detected at the vehicle pedal. When the stimulus has been detected, the method comprises receiving sensor data from a sensor system, the sensor data being indicative of a shape of the stimulus, and determining whether the shape of the stimulus corresponds to an unintended object based on the sensor data. When the shape of the stimulus corresponds to an unintended stimulus, the method comprises performing an unintended stimulus operation.

Abstract: A vehicle electric power management apparatus calculates a distance from a facility to a destination, from received vehicle-change request information. Distances through which vehicles parked at the facility can travel are calculated and vehicle information on parked vehicles capable of traveling through a distance longer than the distance to the destination are selected as next-useable vehicles in descending order of a residual amount of available battery power. A surplus distance indicating how far in kilometers the selected vehicles can each further travel on beyond the destination away from the facility is additionally calculated and this information is transmitted. After the selection of the next-useable vehicles by a computer of the facility, increment/decrements in the residual amount of available battery power between each selected next-useable vehicle and the vehicle that a user has used to arrive at the facility, and incentive information are calculated and displayed at the computer.

Abstract: An indicator, system and method of indicating electric drive usability in a hybrid electric vehicle. A tachometer is used that includes a display having an all-electric drive portion and a hybrid drive portion. The all-electric drive portion and the hybrid drive portion share a first boundary which indicates a minimum electric drive usability and a beginning of hybrid drive operation of the vehicle. The indicated level of electric drive usability is derived from at least one of a percent battery discharge, a percent maximum torque provided by the electric drive, and a percent electric drive to hybrid drive operating cost for the hybrid electric vehicle.

Abstract: A method of controlling a brake system of a vehicle. The method may include determining whether an environmental brake pad wear condition is detected that may be indicative of wear of a friction material of a brake pad assembly due to an environmental contaminant.

Abstract: A seat occupancy determination apparatus includes a seat belt detection portion, first and second load sensors arranged at one end of a lower side of a seat in a width direction in a state where the first and second load sensors are positioned away from each other, a determination portion determining whether an occupancy state of the seat is an occupant seated state or the occupancy state is a no occupant state, and a negative load determination process portion determining a load decrease caused by a turning of the vehicle to inhibit a determination of the determination portion from being shifted to the no occupant state in a case where a negative load is detected by the first and second load sensors in a state where the seat belt detection portion detects a disengagement state of the seat belt while the occupant seated state is determined by the determination portion.

Abstract: A seat occupancy determination apparatus includes first and second load sensors arranged at one end of a lower side of a seat in a width direction, and a load decrease determination process portion determining a load decrease caused by a turning of a vehicle in a case where an inclination of a decrease of a load detected by the load sensors is gentle in a state where a seat belt detection portion detects a disengagement state of a seat belt while an occupant seated state is determined by a determination portion, the load decrease determination process portion determining the load decrease caused by an occupant moving away from the seat and that the occupant is not seated on the seat in a case where the inclination of the decrease of the load detected by the load sensors is steep.

Abstract: A method is provided for efficiently transferring records related to places of interest between two communicating vehicles in a V2V system without initially having to transfer full text records. A determination is made as to whether information stored in a memory of the vehicle is redundant with the respect to the other vehicle. A query request is transmitted from a first vehicle to a second vehicle containing specifics as to what records the first vehicle is seeking. Data satisfying the query request represented by global unique index numbers is hashed to determine the similarity between the data of the two communicating vehicles. The similarity is used to determine whether a full filtered set of global unique index numbers should be transferred to the second vehicle for determining which records are not duplicate records. Thereafter, the second vehicle wirelessly transmits to the first vehicle the non-overlapping data that satisfies the query request.

Abstract: A monitoring process for monitoring a computing element in a control device of a motor vehicle, wherein the computing element includes three program modules by which the performance of the motor vehicle is influenced. The computing element is executed on a processor, wherein the processor includes a functional computer and a monitoring computer that is physically independent of the functional computer, and the monitoring computer includes two monitoring units that are independent of each other.

Abstract: In a method for determining a height of lift of a working machine, a measurement of height is carried out between a position along an approximately vertical axis of motion of a lifting element of the working machine and a reference point. In order to implement a correct determination of the height of lift even in response to inhomogeneous ground conditions, the ground on which the working machine is located is used as the reference point, and for the height measurement a plurality of measuring signals are ascertained, which are supplied to a mean value formation, the mean value being drawn upon for determining the height of lift.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a vehicle implementing one or more processing modules. These modules are configured to connect and interface with the various buses in the vehicle, where the various buses are connected with the various components of the vehicle to facilitate information transfer among the vehicle components. Each processing module is further modularized with the ability to add and replace other functional modules now or in the future. These functional modules can themselves act as distinct vehicle components. Each processing module may hand-off processing to other modules depending on its health, processing load, or by third-party control. Thus, the plurality of processing modules helps to implement a middleware point of control to the vehicle with redundancy in processing and safety and security awareness in their applications.