Abstract: A method for easily calibrating both the position of the tip of a surgical tool and the orientation of that tool includes attaching a tracking device capable of communication with the surgical navigation system to the surgical tool using an adapter, where the adapter has a known relation between the tracking device and the axis of the surgical tool. The method then performs a calibration process to calculate the position of the tip of the surgical tool and the position of the tracking device and orientation data for the surgical tool from the known relation between the tracking device and the axis of the surgical tool and from the tool tip position. Lastly, the method stores the position of the tool tip for the surgical tool and the orientation data within memory of the surgical navigation system so the position and the orientation of the surgical tool can be tracked by the surgical navigation system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for compensating the transmission behavior of a measuring, regulating or control device wherein the output values of the device are modified by correction factor which is approximately determined for the associate input values in accordance with the transmission behavior of the device. A compensating circuit operates to provide first order differentiation of an output signal delivered from the device a plurality of times until a desired correction of the output signal has been absolved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the quality and performance of a product that utilizes end user serviceable components and consumables. In illustrative embodiments, a calibration procedure is employed to determine when and if sub-standard third party replacement components are employed. If such a component is detected, a notification is made to the end user or a service provider. Under certain conditions, the product can be disabled. In another embodiment, electronic labels are employed within the replaceable components. The electronic labels are used to determine the source and quality of the replaceable components, and to interface to sensors which can monitor the consumption of consumables, or for other purposes. Warranty and service costs can be established based on the utilization of the present teachings.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a metal fill process and systems therefor involving providing a standard calibration wafer having a plurality of fill features of known dimensions in a metalization tool; depositing a metal material over the standard calibration wafer; monitoring the deposition of metal material using a sensor system, the sensor system operable to measure one or more fill process parameters and to generate fill process data; controlling the deposition of metal material to minimize void formation using a control system wherein the control system receives fill process data from the sensor system and analyzes the fill process data to generate a feed-forward control data operative to control the metalization tool; and depositing metal material over a production wafer in the metalization tool using the fill process data generated by the sensor system and the control system. The invention further relates to tool characterization processes and systems therefor.

Abstract: A method for calibrating hydraulic actuators includes installing an actuator in a test stand and performing an electrical signal sweep to obtain a series of pressure values. Based on desired pressure values, signals yielding unwanted pressure values are removed and the remaining signal values and pressure values are stored in a central database as a look-up table for the actuator. Multiple actuators are then assembled to form a module assembly. The customized look-up tables for the actuators forming the module assembly are retrieved from the database. Based on those tables, signals are applied to the actuators to determine if the pressure values fall within specified tolerance windows. If the pressure values fall within the specified tolerance windows, the customized look-up tables are stored in the memory of a vehicle electronics package. If not, the signals are adjusted so that the pressure values fall within the specified windows, and the adjusted customized look-up tables are then stored in the memory.

Abstract: A relative calibration system and method for robot workcell calibration is capable of correcting errors between the robot tool center point (TCP) and the work-object frame according to a relative reference, in that a precision path will be created based on this calibrated workcell.

Abstract: Sound detection techniques and sound discrimination techniques are used to analyze the real time sounds generated during the operation of cleaning heads operating within a vessel to determine if the cleaning heads are operating properly. During a typical cleaning operation pressurized cleaning solution is dispensed through a rotating nozzle assembly inside the vessel. As the nozzles rotate the spray moves about the interior of the vessel creating a unique sound pattern. By placing one or more pickups on the exterior of the vessel the sound is captured and fed to an analyzing device for analysis. Key properties such as, but not limited to, sound pressure levels, amplitude variations, spectral content, and rotational information are extracted and analyzed against the reference parameters.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting acceleration and force data associated with a rotating device or rotating system is disclosed, which includes a sine table and a cosine table that may be created based on a particular number of measured data points per revolution of the rotating device or rotating system. Data contained within the sine and cosine tables are then dynamically correlated to obtain acceleration and force data associated with the rotating device or rotating system, wherein dynamically correlated data are thereby utilized to determine a required correction necessary to place the rotating device or rotating system in a balanced state. An error calculated based on a sample size and the number of samples obtained since a last index pulse can be utilized to compute the validity of the data.

Abstract: A calibration system for use on a work machine wherein electro hydraulic controls are utilized to control the operation of a particular work element, the present calibration system being operable in both a semi-automatic mode and an automatic mode. In the semi-automatic mode, operator interaction is required and the calibration process is preferably initialized and controlled via a service tool which is in communication with a work machine controller. A command signal having a command signal value indicative of a command state of the component being calibrated is generated by a command signal generator, and a detector in communication with the component receives the component signal and detects when the component has reached the command state, and generates a detector signal having a value representing a calibration factor to be used in correlating the component signal value with the actual state of the component.

Abstract: In a method for compensating static positioning errors, in particular position and orientation errors, in guiding a movement of a movable machine element of an industrial processing machine, positioning errors are initially measured at startup of the machine and stored in a compensation table in a numerical controller (CNC). These values are used to generate reference values for compensating the errors. Deviations between the measured points in the table are interpolated. The actual position is measured during machining by using an additional measurement system and compared with the nominal position. Typically, the points of the measurement are different from the points in the compensation table. The compensation values can be improved continuously in two ways: on one hand, by extending the compensation table by adding the measured points and, on the other hand, by adapting the points of the compensation table adjacent to the corresponding measurement point.

Abstract: A “hot spare” method for facilitating the seamless transition from a failed robotic mechanism to backup unit is provided. A spare robot is located inside a storage library on a section of rail (robotic track) from which it can be utilized on any rail layer in a multi-layer architecture. In one embodiment of the present invention, a motorized elevator assembly is used to transport the spare robot to the proper library level, which allows a single redundant robot to support multiple robots on multiple library rail levels. In another embodiment, a hot spare robot is used on each rail level and is utilized if needed on that particular level. In both embodiments, the spare robots are available for immediate backup without direct user intervention.

Abstract: A calibration device for a parallel kinematic manipulator having a base unit and a manipulator platform movable with respect thereto, the manipulator platform being connected to the base unit via a plurality of joints and a plurality of variable length actuators. The calibration device for measuring n deviations in order to determine m unknowns includes a test workpiece that is mountable in a definite spatial position with respect to the base unit and has I=m/n measuring mandrels. The calibration device also has a probing unit attached to the manipulator platform, and including n probing subsystems, the probing subsystems each including a distance measuring device for measuring the spatial position and spatial orientation of the measuring mandrels on the test workpiece.

Abstract: A rapid sensor calibration technique applied prior to each Sensor 9 measuring a beverage in which water (zero Brix), at same temperature as beverage, is drawn from a Water Supply 3 via Valve 6 and passed over the fixed optic Sensor 9 in order to reference out any sensor temperature changes or beverage temperature changes or sensor surface fouling by the dispensed beverage. This technique of continuous and multiple calibrations, provides an enhanced “beverage dispensing system” calibration beyond that achievable using known calibration methods associated with automatically sensing and controlling beverage quality for soft drinks from a fountain dispenser using, for example, water at a specific temperature to initially calibrate Sensor 9, or using a high quality beverage, from a bottle, for example, at a known Brix level to initially calibrate Sensor 9.

Abstract: A computer calibration method and apparatus for calibrating one or more auxiliary hydraulic valves on a work vehicle includes the steps of selecting a first auxiliary hydraulic valve, applying a valve opening signal to that valve, measuring a pressure in a flow restricted signal circuit coupled to the valve, comparing the first pressure with a predetermined pressure to see if the valve is cracked open and if the valve is not cracked open, incrementing the signal to a second level and repeating the foregoing steps until the first valve cracks open. The final step is saving a value indicative of the signal at which the valve just cracked open.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of balancing an article provides a visual indication that precisely defines the location of a balance weight that can be secured thereto. A balancing machine rotates the article and is responsive to vibrations for determining the size and location of one or more balance weights that, if secured to the article, will minimize or eliminate these imbalances. The balancing machine then ceases further rotation of the article and generates a first indication of the size of the balance weight that is necessary to counterbalance the sensed imbalance in the article and a second indication when the location on the article at which the balance weight is to be secured is oriented at the top dead center position of the article. At the same time, a light emitter emits a beam of light that causes a narrow line to be illuminated along the top dead center position of the article.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a remote keyless entry system adjusts a timing circuit that is a unitary part of a microprocessor. The method drives a plurality of inputs to the microprocessor to a logic state, monitors the output of the microprocessor, and programs a calibration factor within the microprocessor based on the output of the microprocessor. The calibration factor controls an output frequency of the timing circuit.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting acceleration and force data associated with a rotating device or rotating system is disclosed, which includes a sine table and a cosine table that may be created based on a particular number of measured data points per revolution of the rotating device or rotating system. Data contained within the sine and cosine tables are then dynamically correlated to obtain acceleration and force data associated with the rotating device or rotating system, wherein dynamically correlated data are thereby utilized to determine a required correction necessary to place the rotating device or rotating system in a balanced state. An error calculated based on a sample size and the number of samples obtained since a last index pulse can be utilized to compute the validity of the data.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for calibrating the position of a cassette indexer in a semiconductor process machine are described. The apparatus is constructed by a base plate, a top plate and at least two support members rigidly attaching the top plate to the base plate in a parallel relationship. On the bottom side of the top plate, is mounted at least two spaced-apart rows of distance sensors each having at least five sensors capable of sensing a distance in the cavity of the calibration apparatus. After a wafer blade is extended into the cavity of the apparatus, a sensor in the front row and a sensor in the back row can be used to sense a front-to-back tilt of the wafer blade, while two adjacent sensors in the same row can be used to sense a side-to-side tilt of the wafer blade.

Abstract: A rapid sensor calibration technique applied prior to each Sensor 9 measuring a beverage in which water (zero Brix), at same temperature as beverage, is drawn from a Water Supply 3 via Valve 6 and passed over the fixed optic Sensor 9 in order to reference out any sensor temperature changes or beverage temperature changes or sensor surface fouling by the dispensed beverage. This technique of continuous and multiple calibrations, provides an enhanced “beverage dispensing system” calibration beyond that achievable using known calibration methods associated with automatically sensing and controlling beverage quality for soft drinks from a fountain dispenser using, for example, water at a specific temperature to initially calibrate Sensor 9, or using a high quality beverage, from a bottle, for example, at a known Brix level to initially calibrate Sensor 9.

Abstract: When obtaining load displaying calibration data, first, a reference die height position (a) where a load (F) of a mechanical press (1) comes to minimum load value (Fa) is sought as well as a reference die height position (f) where the load (F) comes to maximum load value (Ff). Then a plurality of intermediate die height positions (b . . . e) are selected between these reference die height positions (a) and (f). Subsequently, a load is imposed on the mechanical press (1) at each of the die height positions (a . . . f) and a pressure sensor (33) senses peak oil pressures (Pa . . . Pf) corresponding to the respective die height positions (a . . . f). Thereafter, relative relationships between load values (Fa . . . Ff) corresponding to the die height positions (a . . . f) and the peak oil pressures (Pa . . . Pf) are obtained as a characteristic curve (B).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method and machine are provided for tuning compensation parameters in a motion control system associated with a mechanical member. The method includes the steps of receiving an indication of a compensation parameter to be tested, based on the compensation parameter to be tested causing a signal associated with a desired motion of the mechanical member to be commanded, acquiring control data associated with the signal, acquiring measurement data associated with actual motion of the mechanical member in response to the signal, analyzing the control and measurement data; and based on the step of analyzing the control and measurement data, implementing a value of the compensation parameter.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of and apparatus for self-calibrating a motion control system is provided. The method includes the steps of receiving a test parameter, ensuring a reasonable test can be executed based on the test parameter, generating a part program based upon the test parameter, instructing a user of the motion control system regarding set up of a device capable of acquiring data associated with the test, and executing the test, wherein the part program is executed as part of the test.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the torque in an internal combustion engine is introduced having the steps: determining a desired torque; determining an operating point from measured values for air charge and rpm; determining a standard torque for this operating point; determining a desired efficiency from standard torque and desired torque; determining the lambda corresponding to this efficiency; determining the fuel quantity from the corresponding lambda and the air charge derived from measurement quantities. The fuel quantity in combination with the air charge yields the corresponding lambda for realizing the desired torque.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a crimping press for crimping terminals on an electrical conductor. A master tool is positioned in a test crimping press and the press is operated to crimp a test bar to a desired crimp height. During the process of crimping the test bar to the desired crimp height, a standard force profile is generated. The standard force profile is recorded in a control unit. The master tool is transferred to a crimping press to be calibrated. Once the master tool is in place, the crimping press is operated until the crimping press creates a crimp height on the test bar equal to the desired crimp height. During the crimping process that results in the desired crimp height, an actual force profile is determined for the crimping press being calibrated. The actual force profile is compared to the standard force profile and the actual force profile is adjusted by an offset factor such that the adjusted force profile replicates the standard force profile.

Abstract: Vibration induced errors in sensors are predicted based on a measurement of vibration power spectra. Accelerometer samples are used to estimate vibration power spectral densities. A calibration procedure using suitable vibration stimulus provides the ability to estimate sensitivity coefficients to be used to compensate for the vibration induced error. The vibration power spectrum estimates are combined with previously obtained calibration coefficients to generate real time vibration-induced error corrections. Vibration bias sensitivity coefficients are estimated in a controlled environment to ensure their accuracy to compensate the sensor in real-time applications using acceleration measurement devices such as accelerometers mounted to a rigid sensor assembly shared with the sensor to be compensated. Vibration bias estimates are then used to correct the outputs of the sensors(s) being compensated for vibration-induced error.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic control circuit and method for calibrating a transmission shifter and compensating for temperature variations. The electronic control circuit includes a power supply circuit comprising a bias voltage supply and a voltage surge protection circuit; at least one position sensor that receives a surge-protected output bias voltage from the power supply circuit; and a microprocessor that receives one or more position values from the position sensor relating to the physical position of the transmission shifter. The power supply circuit provides a calibration reference signal to said microprocessor. The voltage surge protection circuit protects the calibration reference signal against a surge voltage condition.

Abstract: A computer calibration method and apparatus for calibrating one or more auxiliary hydraulic valves on a work vehicle includes the steps of selecting a first auxiliary hydraulic valve, applying a valve opening signal to that valve, measuring a pressure in a flow restricted signal circuit coupled to the valve, comparing the first pressure with a predetermined pressure to see if the valve is cracked open and if the valve is not cracked open, incrementing the signal to a second level and repeating the foregoing steps until the first valve cracks open. The final step is saving a value indicative of the signal at which the valve just cracked open.

Abstract: A method and system for assessing whether adjustment factors used in a process for testing or monitoring an operational system need to be updated or changed, as well as changing and updating these adjustment factors if needed or desired. At least one current adjustment factor is selected, along with the relevant data. The relevant data is then analyzed to generate results that are collected so that a determination can be made as to whether the current adjustment factor(s) needs to be changed. If it is determined that the current adjustment factor(s) needs to be changed, an updated adjustment factor(s) is provided to replace it. Preferably, the updated adjustment factor(s) is validated before incorporating it into the testing or monitoring process.

Abstract: An automated system having removable system components is self-configured, first, determining whether configuration data is available, for example, in a non-volatile memory. If available, the processor reads a system identifier of the configuration data, compares the read and a sensed system identifier, and, if they match, ends the self-configuration. Otherwise, the system senses the removable system components, configuring the system. A sensor is moved to sense the presence or absence each of the removable system components at substantially the expected location of the component. The system operates a movable sensor to calibrate a relative position with respect to the calibration mark.

Abstract: To provide accurate measurement of rotational velocity and an adequate bandwidth for servo control as a function of the measurement over a wide range of velocities, the present invention utilizes unique speed computation algorithms based on a combination of fine and coarse shaft velocity measurements from a tachometer. The preferred embodiments utilize control signals derived from the velocity measurements to control motor speed, for example, to provide servo control of a digital tape drive. The preferred embodiments utilize an optical encoder coupled to a reel-shaft to generate tachometer pulses as the shaft rotates. The coarse measurement may actually take two different forms for different speed ranges. In one range, this measurement involves counting the number of pulses in a sampling interval. In the other range, the coarse measurement entails counting the number of sampling intervals per detection of a tachometer pulse.

Abstract: A method and apparatus statistically determines estimates of one or more process control loop parameters, such as bearing friction, seal friction, total friction, dead band, dead time, oscillation, shaft windup or backlash associated with a device or a control loop within a process control environment. The method and apparatus measures one or more signals within a process control loop when the process control loop is connected on-line within a process control environment, stores the measured signal as signal data and then performs one of a number of statistical analyses on the stored signal data to determine the desired parameter estimate.

Abstract: A reed relay or other device is connected electrically in series within a signal channel. The signal channel can include a first length of transmission line separated from a second length of transmission line. Both lengths may be of the microstrip type and have a controlled characteristic impedance. A first signal lead of the device electrically connects the lengths of transmission line. A first branch of the first signal lead is connected to the first length of transmission line, and a second branch of the first signal lead is connected to the second length of transmission line. The signal leads are electrically connected to each other at a location adjacent an operative portion of the devices. The series inductance of the first signal lead substantially cancels the shunt capacitance of the reed to substantially maintain the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the barometric pressure external to an air intake of an internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a pressure value indicative of an absolute pressure in the intake manifold of the engine; (b) providing a mass airflow value of the airflow into the engine; (c) characterizing a pressure drop across the intake system based on the mass airflow value; and (d) determining a barometric pressure based on the pressure value and the pressure drop, such that the pressure drop is indicative of the pressure differential between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the intake manifold. Furthermore, the determination of the barometric pressure may be triggered when the throttle blade reaches a predetermined throttle threshold position which is a function of the rotational speed of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a warm-up cycle for each tire being tested on a force variation machine to stabilize the measurement parameters and optimize the warm-up cycle. The method for cycling each tire comprises the following steps. A tire type and preset tolerance values for each parameter of the tire being measured is inputted into the force variation machine. The tire is rotated in a first direction for two successive revolutions, data values for each of the parameters are calculated, and the differences between the calculated data values and the preset tolerance values are determined. Then the tire is rotated in a second opposite direction and the warm-up cycle is repeated. Continuing, the tire is rotated for one or more additional revolutions and the data values for the measured parameters are again calculated if necessary.

Abstract: A device for determining the wheel and/or axle geometry of motor vehicles in an inspection room using an optical measuring device having at least two image pick-up devices, which, from at least two different perspectives, record images from a marking device (or optical target), inclusive of at least one wheel feature arranged on each wheel, and including an evaluation device. The marking device further includes an automobile body feature and a reference feature arrangement, including at least three reference features for use in obtaining geometrical wheel and axle data. The inspection room is defined between the reference feature arrangement and the driving surface plane. The position of the reference features in the inspection room is known or stored in the evaluation device. The marking device is detected while the motor vehicle is being driven past.

Abstract: A method and control apparatus for the correction of a mathematically determined torque in the drive train of a motor vehicle, in which a recognition signal for distinguishing between automatic and manual transmissions is produced and motor and transmission operating states (selected in accord with the recognition signal) in which the actual torque applied to the crankshaft is equal to zero are established. When the motor and transmission operating states are reached, the mathematically determined torque associated with the operating states is compared to the actual (zero) torque, and the difference between the mathematically determined torque and the actual torque is used as a control factor for the correction of additional computed torques.

Abstract: The invention is directed to techniques for obtaining a connection characteristic (e.g., pin wipe) of a connection assembly having a first set of contacts (e.g., pin-receiving contacts of circuit board connectors) and a second set of contacts (e.g., pins of backplane connectors) using less destructive approaches than a conventional disassembly approach. In particular, the invention does not rely on disassembling a backplane from a card cage and cutting connectors. Rather, in one arrangement, the invention uses a test structure in place of a normal operating circuit board. The test structure includes a support member (e.g., circuit board material) that supports the first set of contacts, and that is capable of moving relative to the second set of contacts. The test structure further includes a detection circuit, coupled to the support member, that detects an electrical event resulting from movement of the first set of contacts relative to the second set of contacts (e.g.

Abstract: For calibrating a spectrophotometer having a monochromator with a rotary mechanism to rotate a diffraction grating for producing a monochromatic beam of light of a specified target wavelength, transmission errors by the rotary mechanism are preliminarily measured to obtain an error curve having peaks corresponding to feed angles. A smallest angular interval, greater than an allowable limit, between a pair of feed angles corresponding to a mutually adjacent pair of peaks in the error curve is selected. One or more lamps emitting bright lines with wavelength interval which corresponds to motion of the rotary mechanism by less than one half of the selected smallest angular interval are used as a light source. Control values to be supplied to the rotary mechanism for obtaining monochromatic beams of light from the bright lines emitted from the selected lamps are determined by measurements.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting the blade of a motor grader to an operator programmed blade position. The method includes the steps of: providing an electronic controller and blade controls having position sensors; monitoring the output of the position sensors to ascertain the position of the blade controls; receiving a first input signal for setting a memory blade position; determining the memory blade position based on the output of the position sensors; receiving a second input signal for requesting the memory blade position; determining the present blade position based on the output of the position sensors; and producing a control signal for actuating the blade controls to move the blade from the present blade position to the memory blade position.

Abstract: A process and a device for determining the friction lining wear in a friction clutch with a clutch housing and a pressure plate, which is arranged axially movably therein and presses a clutch disk equipped with friction linings against a flywheel of an internal combustion engine. Three detecting elements are arranged at a defined axial distance to each other, and rotate with the friction clutch and a sensor is arranged outside of the clutch housing for finding the axial position of each detecting element, whereby at least one detecting element is connected to the clutch housing and the two other detecting elements are connected to the pressure plate.

Abstract: A control system wherein a reverse characteristic having a reverse input/output relationship to a target input/output characteristic of a control object, is preset, and a target value for an output of the control object is calculated. A command signal corresponding to the target value then is determined based on the preset reverse characteristic, and the command signal is output to the control object. The control system includes first means for calculating a command signal corresponding to a given target value for the output of the control object based on the preset reverse characteristic, outputting the command signal to the control object, measuring an output of the control object and estimating a deviation between an actual input/output characteristic of the control object and the target input/output characteristic therefor, and storing data on the deviation between the input/output characteristics as learning correction data.

Abstract: A device for determining a correction factor for correcting an output of a rotational velocity mechanism for detecting the rotational velocity of a tire mounted on a vehicle, and a slip factor calculating device and a tire pressure drop detecting device utilizing the determining device. The rotational velocity of the tire is detected in response to the fact that an initializing switch is operated at the time of trial linear coasting. An initial correction factor is found on the basis of the rotational velocity. The initial correction factor is stored in an E.sup.2 PROM. At a time of normal traveling, the rotational velocity is initially corrected on the basis of the initial correction factor (S2). Further, the slip factor is calculated on the basis of the rotational velocity after the initial correction (S3). A judged value required to detect the drop in air pressure in the tire is corrected on the basis of the slip factor or the like (S9).

Abstract: A computer-controlled ultrasonic cleaning system (10) that is designed to clean various articles ranging from integrated-circuit silicone wafers and hard disk platters to small mechanical components. The system (10) utilizes an electronic system which operates in combination with a computer (12) and software (14) to activate a plurality of crystal transducers (32). The crystal transducers (32), which are located on the lower surface of a cleaning tank (40) convert electrical energy, supplied by the electronic system, to acoustic/mechanical energy with a conversion efficiency near 80 percent. The system software includes a program that automatically calibrates the system and corrects crystal-to-crystal deficiencies to maintain the system (10) in a peak operating condition.

Abstract: A sensor system includes a first sensor for sensing a parameter in a first sensing range and providing a first sensor signal indicative of the parameter. A second sensor senses the parameter in a second sensing range and provides a second sensor signal indicative of the parameter. The second sensing range is larger than the first sensing range and the first and second sensing ranges overlap in a transition overlap region. A sensor output device provides a sensor output signal based on the first and second sensor signals by blending components of the first and second sensor signals according to a blending function such that the sensor output signal is single valued, has no induced hysteresis and is continuously differentiable.

Abstract: A system for generating a time overcurrent curve from a set of time and current inputs. The overcurrent curve is generated by simultaneously finding four coefficients of a standard overcurrent equation. Two of the coefficients are found by successive approximation and two of the coefficients are found via a least squares fit approximation. After the coefficients are found, they are used in the standard overcurrent equation to produce a set of data points indicative of the overcurrent curve. The data points are transferred to an overcurrent relay for the detection of overcurrent conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus for nonobtrusively determining one or more parameters, such as dead band, dead time, or response time of a process control device that is connected on-line in a process control loop includes a measurement unit and a processing unit. The measurement unit is coupled to the process control loop to detect stochastic changes in a control signal sent to the process control device and to detect an indication of the response of the process control device to the changes in the control signal while the process control device is operating on-line. The processing unit calculates the device parameters from one or more sets of the detected changes in the control signal and the detected response indication.

Abstract: A circuit for compensating variables in a measurement transmitter. Within the transmitter, a sensor senses a primary process variable such as differential pressure and a converter digitizes the sensed process variable. The sensor senses pressures within a span of pressures values. A memory inside the transmitter stores at least two membership functions, each membership function having a non-zero value over a predetermined region of the process variable span and a substantially zero value over the remainder of the span. The memory also stores a set of compensation formulas, each formula corresponding to a membership function. A selection circuit in the transmitter selects those membership functions which have a non-zero value at the digitized process variable and a correction circuit provides at least one correction value, each correction value calculated from a compensation formula corresponding to a selected membership function.

Abstract: A method is described for controlling a machine tool that has a spindle which rotates at a variable rotation speed n about a spindle axis. The spindle carries a facing head that is fitted with a tool whose radial distance V from the spindle axis is adjustable by means of a control system. The distance V and/or the rotation speed n are modified as a function of a machining operation to be performed with the tool. In order to attain a desired distance V.sub.actual, the control system specifies a reference value V.sub.ref that is smaller than the desired distance V.sub.actual by a certain correction value .DELTA.V, the correction value .DELTA.V being calculated as a function of the desired distance V.sub.actual and the rotation speed n.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed consisting of one or more machine monitors which attach to one or more machines to sense a physical characteristic of the machine, such as vibration or temperature, and produce wireless transmissions corresponding to the sensed characteristic, and a command station which receives the transmissions from the machine monitors and processes the information to give an indication of the condition of the machine. The machine monitor incorporates a wireless transmitter to transmit the sensor data, and the command station incorporates a wireless receiver to receive the sensor data. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the machine monitors are not continuously on, but turn on only at preprogrammed times according to turn-on commands generated by a timer circuit within each machine monitor. In another preferred embodiment, each machine monitor includes a receiver and the command station includes a transmitter to enable the command station to send commands to each machine monitor.

Abstract: A continuous duty press monitoring system includes a linear variable displacement transducer mounted to a press frame as to acquire data related to stresses and strains in the press housing due to completion of a press operation. First and second oppose, spaced apart ends of a rod member are secured to the press housing or frame. The first send is secured to so as to cause axial movement of the rod in accordance with the frame movement at that point. The second portion is secured to the housing so as to allow the second end to be slidable in relation thereto. A linear variable displacement transducer is secured at the slidably affixed end of the rod. A magnetic flux generated by application of current to a coil of the transducer is affected by relative positioning of the rod thereto. Press operation thereby provides an indication, due to stresses or strains resultant on the press housing, as to the characteristics of a particular press operation.