Abstract: To track certain difficult facial features during speech such as the corners of the mouth and the teeth, a camera sensor system generates RGB/IR images and the system also uses light intensity change signals from an event driven sensor (EDS), as well as voice analysis. In this way, the camera sensor system enables improved performance tracking (equivalent to using very high-speed camera) at lower bandwidth and power consumption.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for commissioning a sensor via a communication unit includes scanning, by the communication unit, a sensor-identifying feature of the sensor to provide sensor-identifying data and sending, by the communication unit to a system controller, the sensor-identifying data. The method further includes receiving, by the communication unit from the system controller, one or more contextual prompts regarding a sensed object to which the sensor is operatively connected and, in response to the contextual prompts, sending, by the communication unit to the system controller, sensed object context information. Thereafter, the method further comprises receiving, by the communication unit from the system controller, confirmation of commissioning of the sensor. A corresponding method in the system controller, as well as corresponding apparatus, are also described.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a wafer searching method and device. The method includes: obtaining a target wafer and a reference wafer; determining a first specific area in the target wafer, and obtaining a first significant distribution feature of the first specific area; determining a second specific area in the reference wafer, and obtaining a second significant distribution feature of the second specific area; in response to determining that the first significant distribution feature corresponds to the second significant distribution feature, estimating a fail pattern similarity between the first specific area and the second specific area; in response to determining that the fail pattern similarity is greater than a threshold, providing the reference wafer as a search result corresponding to the target wafer.

Abstract: A control method of a robot according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes receiving from an external computer information that instructs the robot to encourage a user to exercise; sensing a user's current position; moving the robot into a predetermined area that includes the user's current position; causing the robot to perform a gesture to encourage the user to exercise; monitoring behavior of the user; and performing driving of the robot along with exercise of the user, based on a result of the monitoring.

Abstract: A system determining a spin axis of a ball includes a radar transmitting a signal into a target area. The radar includes a minimum of three receivers arranged so that two pairs of receivers are not co-linear. The system also includes a Processing Unit (“PU”) receiving data from the radar and determining a radar range of frequencies received at a point in time corresponding to differing velocities relative to the radar of different portions of the ball as the ball is spinning. PU divides the radar frequency range into a plurality of frequency components and calculating, for each of the frequency components, an angular position associated therewith. PU identifies as a projection of the spin axis in a plane perpendicular to a line of sight from the radar to the ball, a line perpendicular to a line represented by the determined angular positions.

Abstract: A point cloud data acquiring system (1) is a system which acquires, as moving, point cloud data which serves as base data for a three-dimensional map representing a traveling environment of a vehicle includes range finding part (31) which acquires point cloud data representing azimuths and distances to planimetric features configuring the traveling environment, marker detecting part (2) which detects marker (10) laid in or on a traveling road of the vehicle, and a data recording part which records point cloud data acquired by range finding part (31) as linking thereto marker reference information including positional information with reference to any marker (10).

Abstract: A deviation detection method includes obtaining first and second images of first and second electrode sheets, respectively, of an electrode assembly during winding using first and second cameras. The method further includes determining whether the first and/or second camera is deviated according to a distance from a reference point in the first and/or second image to a specific position, which is a position of a same object appearing in the first image and the second image. The method also includes determining whether the electrode assembly is deviated according to a vertical distance from the reference point in the first image to a boundary of the first electrode sheet and a vertical distance from the reference point in the second image to a boundary of the second electrode sheet if the first camera and the second camera are not deviated.

Abstract: A system and a method for detecting a moving target based on multi-frame point clouds. The system comprises a voxel feature extraction module; a transformer module used for matching and fusing the feature tensor sequence, fusing a first feature tensor with a second feature tensor, fusing the fused result with a third feature tensor, fusing the fused result with a fourth feature tensor, and repeating the fusing steps with a next feature tensor to obtain a final fused feature tensor; and an identification module used for extracting features from the final fused feature tensor and outputting detection information of a target. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing each system module; S2, training the model by the data in a training set; S3, predicting by the trained model.

Abstract: Techniques described herein include receiving selection of information identifying one or more members for participating in a fitness session, a start time for the fitness session, and a duration of the fitness session. The techniques also includes receiving individual fitness metrics for the one or more members associated with the fitness session, the individual fitness metrics collected during a period of time corresponding to the start time and the duration of the fitness session. The techniques also includes presenting aggregate fitness data for the fitness session corresponding to the received individual fitness metrics for the one or more members associated with the fitness session during the period of time, and presenting at least a subset of the received individual fitness metrics for the one or more members associated with the fitness session during the period of time.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a configuration method that may be applied to a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN). The method includes: receiving a correspondence between a device identifier of a first device and a first location; sending, to the first device, a verification request related to verifying whether the first device is located at the first location; receiving a verification response to the verification request; and determining, based on the verification response, whether to send configuration information corresponding to the first location to the first device. The methods in the embodiments of this application may be implemented by a software-defined network (SDN) controller.

Abstract: Spatial data may be divided along an axis of the second dimension into a first data segment and a second data segment, such that the first data segment is limited to data points of the spatial data with second dimension coordinates within a first range and the second data segment is limited to data points of the spatial data with second dimension coordinates within a second range. A first processing element may execute an object detection process on the first data segment to generate a first list of objects within the first data segment. A second processing element may execute the object detection process on the second data segment to generate a second list of objects within the second data segment. A first set of objects detected in the first data segment may be combined with a second set of objects detected in the second data segment.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes, receiving a first set of positional parameters for movement of a vehicle through an environment captured by a first sensor associated with the vehicle. The method includes receiving a second set of positional parameters for movement of the vehicle through the environment captured by a second sensor associated with the vehicle. The method includes calculating an angular offset between the first set of positional parameters and the second set of positional parameters based on comparing the first set of positional parameters to the second set of positional parameters. The method includes determining a calibration factor based on the calculated angular offset. The method includes calibrating at least one of the first sensor or the second sensor by using the calibration factor.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program, the information processing apparatus and the information processing method appropriately combining observation values of a plurality of sensors according to noise characteristics of the plurality of sensors and a condition for the observation values. An Allan variance is calculated as the characteristics of each of the plurality of sensors. A time window length for an Allan variance is specified as a condition used when the observation values of the plurality of sensors are combined. A weight for each of the plurality of sensors is calculated such that a sum of the Allan variances for the specified time window length is smallest. The respective observation values of the plurality of sensors are combined using a sum of products of the observation values of the plurality of sensors and the weights calculated for each corresponding sensor of the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for detecting events involving a user that occurred during a session in a facility, and performing a holistic, session-based analysis of the events to determine items taken by the user from the facility. An inventory management system may initially analyze the events to determine a hypothesis for a result of each respective event and a probability that the hypotheses are accurate. An initial listing of the items determined to be taken by the user may be generated along with probabilities that the items were taken. Upon determining that a probability an item was taken is lower than a threshold, the management system may select an algorithm to process an event in the session that is likely to resolve uncertainty in the initial listing. The management system may iteratively process events until a final listing represents the items taken by the user with an allowable probability.

Abstract: If a first tap is detected on a touch screen of an electronic device when the touch screen is in a black screen state, the touch screen displays a fingerprint pattern in a target display area to prompt a user to enter a fingerprint in the target display area. If the electronic device is picked up when the touch screen is in the black screen state, the touch screen displays the fingerprint pattern in the target display area to prompt the user to enter the fingerprint in the target display area.

Abstract: A system may be configured to conflate vectorized source data. Some embodiments may: obtain first data from a first source and second data from a second source; determine a first polygon that encloses all features of the first data and a second polygon that encloses all features of the second data; determine a larger polygon that encloses the first and second polygons; divide the larger polygon into first tiles; extract, from each of the first tiles overlaying the first data and from the each tile overlaying the second data, a first set of features and a second set of features, respectively; and identify, based on a computed disagreement level satisfying a set of criteria, each of one or more of the tiles. A set of identified tiles or all of the tiles may then be displayed, including shaded indicators overlaying features of respective portions of the first and second data.

Abstract: A computer implemented method rasterizes point cloud data. A number of processor units rasterizes the point cloud data into rasterized layers based on classes in which each rasterized layer in the rasterized layers corresponds to a class in the classes. The number of processor units creates key value pairs from the rasterized layers. The number of processor units store the key value pairs in a key value store. According to other illustrative embodiments, a computer system and a computer program product for rasterizing point cloud data are provided.

Abstract: Solutions for estimating a cellular site location, for example in a roaming network, includes receiving data metrics from a plurality of user devices corresponding to communications using a roaming carrier network, wherein the data metrics are stored on the plurality of user devices during the communication using the roaming carrier network, and the data metrics are received using a home carrier network. The received data metrics is filtered to identify the roaming carrier network and the filtered data metrics group corresponding to a cell within the roaming carrier network. A source of a signal corresponding to the cell is determine and the location of the cellular site corresponding the source of the signal estimated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the installation orientation of an accelerometer system relative to a vehicle within which it has been installed. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of acceleration measurements within the co-ordinate frame of the accelerometer system and then analysing the distribution of these measurements to determine the relative installation orientation. In particular, the measurements can be grouped according to the vehicle movement phase at which they were obtained and the measurements within the groups then used to determine the lateral and horizontal planes of the vehicle.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor includes a substrate, a detector including a movable detection electrode and a fixed detection electrode opposed to the movable detection electrode, and a driver adapted to drive the detector. The movable detection electrode is supported by a first spring that is elongated parallel to a Y axis from a first turned-back part, and a second spring that is elongated parallel to the Y axis from a second turned-back part. The first and second springs are fixed at first and second anchors. The first turned-back part is closer to the second spring than the first anchor. The detector includes a first surface opposed to the first spring, and a second surface disposed closer to the first spring than the first surface.

Abstract: A design application is configured to generate a latent space representation of a fleet of pre-existing vehicles. The design application encodes vehicle designs associated with the fleet of pre-existing vehicles into the latent space representation to generate a first latent space location. The first latent space location represents the characteristic style associated with the fleet of pre-existing vehicles. The design application encodes a sample design provided by a user into the latent space representation to produce a second latent space location. The design application then determines a distance between the first latent space location and the second latent space location. Based on the distance, the design application generates a style metric that indicates the aesthetic similarity between the sample design and the vehicle designs associated with the fleet of pre-existing vehicles. The design application can also generate new vehicle designs based on the latent space representation and the sample design.

Abstract: A moving object recognition apparatus includes an object detection section, a position detection section, a road direction estimation section, and a moving direction estimation section. The object detection section detects a moving object that moves on a road around an own vehicle and a roadside object by the road, from objects present around the own vehicle. The position detection section detects positions of the moving object and the roadside object detected by the object detection section. The road direction estimation section estimates a road direction of the road on which the moving object is moving, based on the position of the roadside object detected by the position detection section. The moving direction estimation section estimates a moving direction of the moving object based on the road direction estimated by the road direction estimation section.

Abstract: A wearable computing device, including a device body, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and a processor. The processor may receive, from the IMU, a plurality of kinematic measurements collected within a time window. With one or more machine learning models, based at least in part on the kinematic measurements, the processor may compute a current velocity estimate for the wearable computing device at a current timestep and a prior velocity estimate for the wearable computing device at a prior timestep. The processor may compute a current pose estimate and a prior pose estimate based at least in part on the current velocity estimate and the prior velocity estimate, respectively. The processor may compute a composite pose estimate for the wearable computing device at the current timestep based on the current pose estimate and the prior pose estimate. The processor may output the composite pose estimate to a target program.

Abstract: A self-propelled device system includes a self-propelled device, a boundary wire configured to define a work area of the self-propelled device and a signal transmitting unit electrically connected with the boundary wire configured to generate and send a boundary signal to the boundary wire that generates a magnetic field when flowing through the boundary wire. The self-propelled device has a signal receiving module and a control module. The signal receiving module uses the magnetic field caused by the boundary signal to generate a boundary wire inductive signal and the control module determines that the boundary wire has a wire break when a relevant parameter of the boundary wire inductive signal is less than or equal to a predefined threshold.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission system for a robotic surgical system includes features for optical data transmission. A first component of the surgical system includes a control element, a power transmission element and an optical data transmission element; and a second component of the surgical system including a wireless power receiving element and an optical data receiving element, the second component is removably mountable to the first component. In some embodiments, a barrier such as a surgical drape and/or hermetic enclosure is positioned between the first and second components. In one example, of the components is a robotic manipulator arm and another is a powered instrument removably mountable to the manipulator arm.

Abstract: A method and system for combining data obtained by sensors, having particular application in the field of navigation systems, are disclosed. The techniques provide significant improvement over state-of-the-art Markovian methods that use statistical noise filters such as Kalman filters to filter data by comparing instantaneous data with the corresponding instantaneous estimates from a model. In contrast, the techniques disclosed herein use multiple time periods of various lengths to process multiple sensor data streams, in order to combine sensor measurements with motion models at a given time epoch with greater confidence and accuracy than is possible with traditional “single epoch” methods. The techniques provide particular benefit when the first and/or second sensors are low-cost sensors (for example as seen in smart phones) which are typically of low quality and have large inherent biases.

Abstract: A vehicle position identification device or a vehicle position identification method for a vehicle acquires first landmark position information including a landmark distance with respect to a subject vehicle, acquires second landmark position information including a landmark elevation angle, estimates a landmark position, acquires map data including a landmark position on a map, and identify a vehicle position on the map.

Abstract: A tracking system for use with a head mounted display on a watercraft is disclosed. The tracking system comprises: optical tracking circuitry to determine first tracking information of the head mounted display using optical tracking means; non-optical circuitry to determine second tracking information of the head mounted display using non-optical tracking means; and correction circuitry to determine an updated tracking information of the head mounted display based on the first tracking information and the second tracking information. The selection of at least the optical tracking means or non-optical tracking means to use to determine the first tracking information and the second tracking information is based on a location of the head mounted display.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for recording a track comprising: a utensil comprising a tip and equipped with a magnetic object; a device for locating the magnetic object configured to determine an estimated reference position on a writing surface; and a matrix-array touch sensor configured to define a set of M pixels, among N pixels, at least partially encircling the estimated reference position, and to detect the contact of the tip on the writing surface on the basis of the electrical signals generated by said set of M pixels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining calibrated reference exposure and measure grids for referencing position of a substrate stage in a lithographic system. The method comprises obtaining calibration data relating to one or more calibration substrates; and determining an exposure grid for an exposure side of the lithographic system from said calibration data and a measure grid for a measure side of the lithographic system from said calibration data. The exposure grid and said measure grid are decomposed so as to remove a calibration substrate dependent component from said exposure grid and from said measure grid to obtain a substrate independent exposure grid and substrate independent measure grid.

Abstract: A mobile agricultural machine includes ground engaging elements that propel the mobile agricultural machine about an agricultural field. The agricultural machine includes a processor that receives field data indicative of characteristics of portions of the field. The agricultural machine includes a display unit operably coupled to the processor, the display unit configured to display a user interface generated by the processor. The user interface includes a map comprising a plurality of field characteristic indicia, the field characteristic indicia indicative of the characteristics of the portions of the field and the locations of the portions of the field. The user interface also includes a data distribution indicator representing a distribution of the field data and a legend proximate the data distribution indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining a stage position or correction therefor in a lithographic process. The method comprises obtaining transmission data describing the transmission of alignment radiation onto the substrate; obtaining position data relating to a stage position of said stage and/or a sensor position of said sensor. A weighting is determined for the position data based on said transmission data. The position based on said transmission data, position data and weighting.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, operations may comprise accessing an HD map of a region comprising information describing an intersection of two or more roads and describing lanes of the two or more roads that intersect the intersection, automatically identifying constraints on the lanes at the intersection, automatically calculating, based on the constraints on the lanes at the intersection, lane connectivity for the intersection, displaying, on a user interface, the automatically calculated lane connectivity for the intersection, receiving, from a user through the user interface, confirmation that the automatically calculated lane connectivity for the intersection is an actual lane connectivity for the intersection, and adding the actual lane connectivity for the intersection to the information describing the intersection in the HD map.

Abstract: Techniques for determining an error model based on vehicle data and ground truth data are discussed herein. To determine whether a complex system (which may be not capable of being inspected) is able to operate safely, various operating regimes (scenarios) can be identified based on operating data. To provide safe operation of such a system, an error model can be determined that can provide a probability associated with perception data and a vehicle can determine a trajectory based on the probability of an error associated with the perception data.

Abstract: A method includes communicating first and second signals between a first node and a second node, where the first signal includes a sonic signal and the second signal includes an electromagnetic signal. The method also includes using the electromagnetic signal to one of start or stop a timer and using the sonic signal to another of stop or start the timer. The method further includes identifying a one-way time-of-flight associated with the sonic signal traveling between the first and second nodes using the timer. The one-way time-of-flight associated with the sonic signal is indicative of a distance between the nodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a parking sensor device for determining occupancy of a parking space. The parking sensor device has a magnetometer sensor configured to detect a magnetic field, and a radar sensor configured to perform at least one radar scan to detect presence of an object. In accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure, the parking sensor device has control circuitry configured to determine occupancy of the parking space based on the magnetic field and the at least one radar scan. Utilizing this particular combination of sensor input can help to improve accuracy and reliability of determining occupancy of the parking space, especially when compared to existing approaches that utilize a single sensor such as a magnetometer sensor. The parking sensor device also has an output for conveying occupancy of the parking space.

Abstract: A method implemented in a processing unit controlling a surveying instrument is provided. The method comprises obtaining a first set of data from optical tracking of a target with the surveying instrument, and identifying from the first set of data a dependence over time of at least one parameter representative of movements of the target. The method further comprises receiving a second set of data from a sensor unit via a communication channel, the second set of data including information about the at least one parameter over time, and determining whether a movement pattern for the optically tracked target as defined by the dependence over time of the at least one parameter is the same as, or deviates by a predetermined interval from, a movement pattern as defined by the dependence over time of the at least one parameter obtained from the second set of data.

Abstract: A method for operating an adaptive gateline may include detecting a patron approaching a gateline. The method may include determining whether the gateline should be operated in a standard mode or in a modified mode based at least in part on data from one or more sensors. The method may include operating the gateline in the standard mode or in the modified mode based on the determination. In the modified mode a barrier of the gateline operates to provide one or both of extra time or additional space for the patron to pass through the gateline relative to the standard mode.

Abstract: Multilayered product structures are formed on substrates by a combination of patterning steps, physical processing steps and chemical processing steps. An inspection apparatus illuminates a plurality of target structures and captures pupil images representing the angular distribution of radiation scattered by each target structure. The target structures have the same design but are formed at different locations on a substrate and/or on different substrates. Based on a comparison of the images the inspection apparatus infers the presence of process-induced stack variations between the different locations. In one application, the inspection apparatus separately measures overlay performance of the manufacturing process based on dark-field images, combined with previously determined calibration information. The calibration is adjusted for each target, depending on the stack variations inferred from the pupil images.

Abstract: A soft sensor includes an elastic sheet, which includes a first elastic layer and a second elastic layer facing each other, and a sensor unit formed by printing a predetermined conductive liquid metal between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. A hand-wearable device may include at least one soft sensor, wherein the hand-wearable device has a shape corresponding to at least a portion of a shape of a hand, and the soft sensor is located at a position corresponding to at least some joints of the hand.

Abstract: Systems and methods for device handshaking are described. Embodiments for client device and associated wearable device initiated handshaking are described. In certain embodiments, a device such as wearable camera eyeglasses having both high-speed wireless circuitry and low-power wireless circuitry communicates with a client device. The low-power wireless circuitry is used for signaling and to manage power on handshaking for the high-speed circuitry in order to reduce power consumption. An analysis of a high-speed connection status may be performed by a client device, and used to conserve power at the glasses with signaling from the client device to indicate when the high-speed circuitry of the glasses should be powered on.

Abstract: A posture estimation method includes calculating a posture change amount of an object based on an output of an angular velocity sensor, predicting posture information of the object by using the posture change amount, limiting a bias error in a manner of limiting a bias error component of an angular velocity around a reference vector in error information, and correcting the predicted posture information of the object based on the error information, the reference vector, and an output of a reference observation sensor.

Abstract: Patient support apparatuses, such as beds, cots, stretchers, recliners, or the like, include control systems with one or more image, radar, and/or laser sensors to detect objects and determine if a likelihood of collision exists. If so, the control system controls the speed and steering of the patient support apparatus in order to reduce the likelihood of collision. The control system may be adapted to autonomously drive the patient support apparatus, to transmit a message to a remote device indicating whether it is occupied by a patient or not, and/or to transmit its route to the remote device. The remote device may determine an estimate of a time of arrival of the patient support apparatus at a particular destination and/or determine a distance of the patient support apparatus from the particular destination.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approach for improving performance of a radio-based positioning system by detecting and excluding mobile radio nodes. The disclosed approach involves processors (e.g., of positioning server(s) and/or of a computing device) making a determination (i) that a speed of a computing device is at or above a threshold speed, and (ii) that at least one condition is met, the at least one condition indicating that a radio node is moving substantially along with the computing device. In response to making the determination, the processors may deem the radio node to be a mobile node. Given this, the processors may in turn exclude the radio node for positioning purposes, which may ultimately improve performance of the radio-based positioning system.

Abstract: Techniques for augmenting a reality captured by an image capture device are disclosed. In one example, a system includes an image capture device that generates a two-dimensional frame at a local pose. The system further includes a computation engine executing on one or more processors that queries, based on an estimated pose prior, a reference database of three-dimensional mapping information to obtain an estimated view of the three-dimensional mapping information at the estimated pose prior. The computation engine processes the estimated view at the estimated pose prior to generate semantically segmented sub-views of the estimated view. The computation engine correlates, based on at least one of the semantically segmented sub-views of the estimated view, the estimated view to the two-dimensional frame. Based on the correlation, the computation engine generates and outputs data for augmenting a reality represented in at least one frame captured by the image capture device.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a total station using a GNSS device includes physically coupling the total station with the GNSS device at a first location; determining the position of the total station at the first location based on position data received by the GNSS device; decoupling the total station from the GNSS device; moving the GNSS device to a second location while leaving the total station at the first location; determining the position of the GNSS device at the second location based on position data received by the GNSS device; adjusting the position of a camera on the total station to image the GNSS device while at the second location; determining axes of the camera based on the orientation of the camera and the determined positions at the first and second locations; and calibrating encoders of the total station based on the determined axes.

Abstract: A position and orientation determining system includes a first radio frequency (RF) device including at least one antenna configured to receive and transmit RF signals, a first radio unit in communication with the at least one antenna, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU).

Abstract: A system to determine the isocenter of a LINAC includes apparatus and processes. One embodiment does this by determining the axis of rotation for the collimator, the gantry, and may include the couch. In another embodiment only determining the axis of the rotation of the collimator is required. The system and apparatus enable the tracking of the translation-rotation of mechanical components attached to the LINAC to compute the axis of rotation of gantry, collimator and couch. Based on the data collected related to these axes the LINAC isocenter is determined. The primary apparatus utilized in the system includes a single emitter module, a signal receiver module, and a positioning module. The system also includes an isocenter target module and a gravity module to determine a gravity vector relative to the signal receiver.

Abstract: Systems and methods for utility intervention are disclosed. The method of utility intervention includes: obtaining utility data from a utility data repository, (ii) detecting, using at least one type of anomaly-detecting module, at least one utility anomaly and a location address; (iii) calculating an amount of financial savings for the utility anomaly if the utility anomaly was remedied or addressed; (iv) computing a certainty score for the utility anomaly; (v) conveying information about the type of utility anomaly, and the location address of the utility anomaly; and (vi) displaying, on a display screen of a client device, a map depicting a geographical area that identifies, using a flag icon, the location address on the map of the utility anomaly, the type of the utility anomaly, a certainty score for the utility anomaly, and/or an amount of financial savings associated with the utility anomaly.

Abstract: Wearable electronic devices that employ one or more contact sensors (e.g., capacitive sensors and/or biometric sensors) are described. Contact sensors include electromyography sensors and/or capacitive touch sensors. Capacitive touch sensors include single-frequency capacitive touch sensors, recently-proposed swept frequency capacitive touch sensors, and a generalized version of swept frequency capacitive touch sensors referred to as multi-frequency capacitive touch sensors. The contact sensors are integrated into various devices, including generic watchstraps that may be substituted for the existing watchstrap in any wristwatch design, generic watch back-plates that may be substituted for the existing back-plate in any wristwatch design, and wearable electromyography devices that provide gesture-based control in a human-electronics interface.