Abstract: Metrology systems and processing methods for continuous lithium ion battery (LIB) anode pre-lithiation and solid metal anode protection are provided. In some embodiments, the metrology system integrates at least one complementary non-contact sensor to measure at least one of surface composition, coating thickness, and nanoscale roughness. The metrology system and processing methods can be used to address anode edge quality. The metrology system and methods can facilitate high quality and high yield closed loop anode pre-lithiation and anode protection layer deposition, alloy-type anode pre-lithiation stage control improves LIB coulombic efficiency, and anode coating with pinhole free and electrochemically active protection layers resist dendrite formation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a defect classification apparatus includes a processor. The processor acquires a first design image which is an image based on design data created by design software and relates to a first inspection target, and acquires a first real image which is captured by imaging the first inspection target produced based on the design data. The processor converts the first design image to a reference image represented by using a second real image captured by imaging a second inspection target without a defect. The processor calculates a reliability of the reference image. The processor detects a defect in the first inspection target by comparing the reference image and the first real image and classifies the defect, based on the reliability.

Abstract: A method for predicting a failure state of an automated analyzer for analyzing a biological sample is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a prediction algorithm for predicting a failure state of an automated analyzer. The prediction algorithm is configured to predict a failure state of the automated analyzer based on calibration data and/or quality control data generated by an automated analyzer. The method also includes obtaining calibration data and/or quality control data of the automated analyzer and processing the calibration data and/or quality control data by using the prediction algorithm to predict a failure state of the automated analyzer.

Abstract: Systems and/or techniques for facilitating online-monitoring of machine learning models are provided. In various embodiments, a system can receive monitoring settings associated with a machine learning model to be monitored. In various cases, the monitoring settings can identify a first set of data features that are generated as output by the machine learning model. In various cases, the monitoring settings can identify a second set of data features that are received as input by the machine learning model. In various aspects, the system can compute a first set of statistical metrics based on the first set of data features. In various cases, the first set of statistical metrics can characterize a performance quality of the machine learning model. In various instances, the system can compute a second set of statistical metrics based on the second set of data features.

Abstract: In one example, a computing node includes a metric dependency graph knowledge base to store a data structure representing a relationship between a plurality of metrics. Further, the computing node may include a processor and a memory having a metric recommendation unit. The metric recommendation unit may determine a first metric of a monitored computing-instance while a user interacts with a GUI of a monitoring application. Further, the metric recommendation unit may retrieve the data structure corresponding to the first metric. The data structure may include the first metric and a plurality of dependent metrics associated with the first metric. Further, the metric recommendation unit may apply a machine learning model on the data structure to determine a second metric from the plurality of dependent metrics. Furthermore, the metric recommendation unit may output the second metric related to the first metric on the GUI.

Abstract: A system and method configured in an electrical device for providing a monitoring solution that identifies the intermittent or anomalous behavior of electronic/electric appliances when in use, comprising: receiving present real-time power features like current, voltage, power factor, power consumption of the associated device, and maintaining a history of past real-time readings of the device in its ideal working periods; forming rule-based clusters of different internal states of the device from the past history data at ideal working periods; determining which of said present readings are correlated; computing a deviation between at least some of said present and at least some of said clusters; and declaring an anomaly when said present readings deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold from all of the said clusters.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for ontology-based graph query optimization. In an example, ontology data relating to a graph or isolated collection may be collected. The ontology data may comprise uniqueness and topology information and may be used to reformulate a query in order to yield a query that is more performant than the original query when retrieving target information from a graph. In an example, reformulating a query may comprise reordering one or more parameters of the query relating to resources, relationships, and/or properties based on uniqueness information. In another example, the query may be reformulated by modifying the resource type to which the query is anchored based on the topology information. The reformulated query may then be executed to identify target information in the isolated collection, thereby identifying the same target information as the original query, but in a manner that is more performant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for measuring the water volume fraction (WVF) of a mixed fluid flow in a pipe, especially wet and dry gas hydrocarbon fluid flows, the system comprising a measuring unit for measuring the dielectric permittivity of said fluid mixture, a computing unit for calculating and storing both the WVF, based on the absolute level of the dielectric permittivity, and the statistical variation of the dielectric permittivity of said fluid mixture over a predetermined period of time. The system also including an analysis unit for detecting drift in the measured WVF by comparing and analyzing the development of the WVF versus the statistical variation of the permittivity over said time period, and based on detected drift to determine whether an apparent change in the WVF is reflected in a corresponding change in the statistical variation of the permittivity, and, based on said comparison, determining if the drift is caused by a real change in the WVF.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reinforcement learning with dynamic agent grouping include gathering information at a first agent using one or more sensors. Shared information is received at the first agent from a second agent. An agent model is trained at the first agent using the gathered information and the shared information. A contribution of the shared information is weighted according to a degree of similarity between the first agent and the second agent. An action is generated using the trained agent model responsive to the gathered information.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method associated with a simulation model of a process module configured to execute at least one module service. The process module is interlinkable or interlinked with further process modules to carry out a technical process in a cascade of module services, and includes Providing a process logic specification of the technical process, a control logic specification of the process module, a state engine of the process module from a configuration of the at least one service, and a process connection information of the technical process; Generating at least a part of the simulation model from a combination thereof, and Linking at least a part of the generated simulation model to a module type package for the process module, or extending a module type package for the process module by at least a part of the generated simulation model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for determining the presence or absence of a target analyte in a sample. The present invention may analyze the target analyte without false results, especially false positive results by using a fitting accuracy of a nonlinear function to a data set as a direct indicator for target analyte analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for providing automated or semi-automated technical support for patients using medical devices, such as continuous glucose monitoring systems. Disclosed embodiments of automated tech support system include collection and storage of copies of streams of medical device data on multiple servers, analysis and comparison of data streams, remote tech support initiation and usage of the automated tech support system for providing improved products and services by storing and analyzing historical tech support data.

Abstract: A method provides telecom operators a single Quality of Experience (QoE) index to collectively interpret service experience and network experience by way of ensemble of expectation scores. The method includes the steps of mapping Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of time-series data into multiple probability spaces of statistical expectation functions thereby producing time-series expectation scores; applying vector geometry to said time-series expectation scores for each of said statistical expectation functions thereby producing an N-Dimensional probability vector; normalizing correlations of said N-Dimensional probability vector across said KPIs thereby producing a normalized N-Dimensional probability vector; and generating a N-Dimensional probability distribution from the normalized N-Dimensional probability vector to produce an ensemble function. The ensemble function is then be applied to time-series data thereby producing an ensemble index, which represents the QoE (Quality of Experience).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for multidimensional parts average testing for testing devices and analyzing testing results to detect outliers according to embodiments of the present invention. The testing can include calculating multivariate (e.g., bivariate) statistics using delta measurements of like devices, a ratio of measurements, or principal component analysis that identifies eigenvectors and eigenvalues to define meta parameters, for example. Raw test result data can be converted to residual space and robust regression can be performed to prevent outlier results from influencing regression, thereby reducing overkill advantageously.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject technology relate to systems and methods for predicting dysfunctions in physical systems. A dysfunction codex can be provided that includes a plurality of dysfunction models for predicting one or more dysfunctions in a physical system based on one or more specific contexts of the physical system. The dysfunction codex can be applied by selecting a dysfunction model of the plurality of dysfunction models within the dysfunction codex to apply based on the one or more specific contexts of the physical system. Further, a dysfunction of the physical system can be predicted by applying the dysfunction model to input system data of the physical system to predict the dysfunction of the physical system.

Abstract: A measurement device has: a slider which holds a substrate and is movable parallel to the XY plane; a drive system that drives the slider; a position measurement system which emits beams from a head section to a measurement surface in which grating section are provided on the slider, which receives respective return beams of the beams from the measurement surface, and which is capable of measuring position information in at least directions of three degrees of freedom including the absolute position coordinates of the slider; a mark detection system that detects a mark on the substrate; and a controller which detects the marks on the substrate using the mark detection system while controlling the drive of the slider, and which obtains the absolute position coordinates of each mark based on the detection result of each mark and measurement information by the position measurement system at the time of detection.

Abstract: A method for evaluating energy consumption in an industrial plant, includes capturing sensor data from at least one level of the industrial plant, from the sensor data, digitally obtaining energy consumption curves, an energy consumption curve representing, along a certain time period, discrete values of energy consumption corresponding to time intervals ?t.

Abstract: A controller for a tool drive that collects force data and displacement data from the tool drive. The controller generates a stiffness model representing a workpiece using the force data and the displacement data. The controller further collects a force signal from the tool drive. The controller determines deflection of the workpiece using the force signal and stiffness model. The controller determines a resonant frequency of the workpiece using the stiffness model. The controller modifies an oscillation frequency and/or a rotational frequency of a spindle of the tool drive based on the resonant frequency. The controller also determines a location of a tip of the tool drive using the force signal.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for processing demand data for a set of resources in a technology platform. A method is provided that includes collecting demand profiles for the set of resources; reformatting each demand profile into a cumulative demand plot; calculating a distance metric for each pair of cumulative demand plots based on an area between the pair of cumulative demand plots; clustering the resources into a set of clusters based on calculated distance metrics; and generating a characterization for each of the clusters to facilitate management or control of the technology platform.

Abstract: A survey method may include presenting a participant with a training stimulus through a survey channel, wherein the survey channel is capable of measuring a reactive aspect of the participant's response to stimuli, measuring the reactive aspect of the participant's response to the training stimulus through the survey channel, presenting the participant with a survey stimulus through the survey channel, measuring the reactive aspect of the participant's response to the survey stimulus through the survey channel, and evaluating the reactive aspect of the participant's response to the survey stimulus based on the reactive aspect of the participant's response to the training stimulus.

Abstract: A monitoring system is for a well stream from a hydrocarbon well with seawater injection. The monitoring system includes a sample receiving system, a sample preparation system, an analyzing system, and a pressure control and measurement system. The monitoring system is connectable to a sample point for receiving a sample of the well stream. The sample receiving system includes a fluid conduit connectable for fluid communication with the sample point, and a separator for separating a water fraction from the sample. The sample preparation system includes a filter for filtering the water fraction. The analyzing system includes an x-ray fluorescence analyzer for measurement of a concentration of at least one of dissolved elements Fe, Ba, Ca, S, Cl, P, Cu, Zn, Pb, Br or scale inhibitor tracers in the sample. The pressure control and measurement system is connected to the sample receiving system or the sample preparation system.

Abstract: A system and a method for managing a clinical trial of patients. The method includes obtaining consents of the patients undergoing the clinical trial and storing consent data of the patients. Consent data of the patients is validated before progressing onto any stage of the clinical trial. Data associated with at least one clinical trial site is collected for performing the clinical trial. The patients are randomly grouped into two or more groups for performing one or more of a single blinded study and a double blinded study during the clinical trial. Clinical data and non-clinical data of the patients is collected during the clinical trial. Timelines, progress, compliance, and data associated with different stages of the clinical trial are managed.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns a cytometry system including a handling system that enables presentation of single cells to at least one laser source. The laser source is configured to deliver light to a cell within the cells in order to induce bond vibrations in the cellular DNA. The system further includes a detection facility that detects the signature of the bond vibrations, wherein the bond vibration signature is used to determine the folding or packing of the DNA.

Abstract: A method for use in optical measurements on patterned structures, the method including performing a number of optical measurements on a structure with a measurement spot configured to provide detection of light reflected from an illuminating spot at least partially covering at least two different regions of the structure, the measurements including detecting light reflected from the at least part of the at least two different regions within the measurement spot, the detected light including interference of at least two complex electric fields reflected from the at least part of the at least two different regions, and being therefore indicative of a phase response of the structure, carrying information about properties of the structure.

Abstract: Techniques facilitating anomaly detection and root cause analysis using distributed trace data. In one example, a system can comprise a processor that executes computer executable components stored in memory. The computer executable components comprise: a preprocessing component; and a monitor component. The preprocessing component can generate a trace frame comprising a vectorized representation of textual trace data produced by microservices of a microservice application. The monitor component can identify a state of the microservice application using the trace frame.

Abstract: A system is provided that predicts motor wear and failures before they occur. Telemetry data from motors in a motor application is collected and predictive algorithms are used to determine when a motor is aging and when it may fail. Identifying a potential failure in these types of applications can help mitigate risk of other equipment failures and realize cost savings. In one example, a motor aging detection system is provided that includes one or more DC motors, and a motor controller coupled to each motor. The motor controller reads three phase currents from each motor and converts the phase currents to digital values, calculates telemetry data including applied voltages, back electric-motive force, inductance, and resistance of each motor at periodic intervals, stores this telemetry data for each motor in a memory. An age detection circuit retrieves this information from the memory and determines age factors of the motor.

Abstract: A damping control system comprises a first vehicle, a second vehicle, and a storage device. The first vehicle provides, to the storage device, travel information including a change value of a road surface, position information, and position reliability of the position information. The storage device executes first update processing of updating related value information based on a road surface displacement-related value identified based on the change value, when the position reliability is equal to or higher than a threshold reliability, and executes second update processing of updating the related value information, when the position reliability is lower than the threshold reliability. The second vehicle executes preview damping control using a target control force calculated based on a control related value being a road surface displacement-related value at a predicted passing position.

Abstract: A method for improving processing of data from a plurality of data sources by extracting signals from data sets includes retrieving the data from the plurality of data sources, generating a correlation matrix or a covariance matrix based on the retrieved data, performing an eigenvalue decomposition on the correlation matrix or the covariance matrix to determine a set of eigenvector loadings, and converting a result of the eigenvalue decomposition into an indicator of a common signal among the retrieved data. Converting the result of the eigenvalue decomposition into the indicator of the common signal includes applying a loading from the set of eigenvector loadings as a weight to at least one corresponding observation in the retrieved data from the plurality of data sources, and recursively repeating the steps of retrieving, generating, performing, and converting.

Abstract: A computer device generates a response to an emergency being reported by a plurality of sensor devices. The memory contains a sensor data engine and a determinant code calculator. The computer device determines the likelihood of an emergency based on received sensor data and, in some embodiments, answers received from an information provider. The sensor data engine receives external sensor data, determines data values associated with the external sensor data, and calculates an emergency likelihood based on the data values. The determinant code calculator generates a determinant code based on the calculated likelihood, and provides the code to an emergency responder system to generate an emergency dispatch response.

Abstract: A circuit module with reliable margin configuration, may include a main circuit, a first auxiliary circuit and a second auxiliary circuit. When the first auxiliary circuit is on, the second auxiliary circuit may be on or off according to whether a control signal is of a first level or a second level. When the first auxiliary circuit and the second auxiliary circuit are both on, the first auxiliary circuit and the second auxiliary circuit may jointly cause an operation parameter of the main circuit to be a first value. When the first auxiliary circuit is on and the second auxiliary circuit is off, the first auxiliary circuit may cause the operation parameter to be a second value. An operation margin of the main circuit may cover a range between the first value and the second value.

Abstract: Techniques discussed herein are directed to identifying health assessment data of a set of computing instances of a distributed computing system. The health assessment data may be collected from the computing instances and stored in a first distributed cache. When a request for health assessment data for one or more computing instances is received, the health assessment data may be retrieved from the first distributed cache, provided to the requesting entity, and stored in a second distributed cache. A subsequent request may cause new health assessment data to be retrieved from the first distributed cache and compared to the stored data of the second distributed cache. Changes in the health assessment data may be identified and data indicating those changes may be provided in response to the subsequent request. One or more remedial actions may be performed in response to the health assessment data obtained.

Abstract: State-of-the-art approaches have concentrated on building solution(s) to match the amplitude of a time series with a user given one. However, these have failed to implement solution(s) which enables searching for pattern(s) that can depict human vision psychology. Embodiments of the present disclosure determine occurrence of pattern of interest in time series data for anomaly detection, wherein time series data is obtained, and first order derivative is computed. Further an angle of change in direction is derived based on a gradient of change in value of the time series data. This angle is further converted to a measurement unit. The time series data is quantized into bins and a weighted finite state transducers diagram (WFSTD) is obtained based on domain knowledge which is then converted to specific pattern. The specific pattern is searched in the bins to determine occurrence/count of the specific pattern for anomaly detection.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention provide methods, apparatus, systems, computing devices, computing entities, and/or the like for performing temporally dynamic location-based predictive data analysis. Certain embodiments of the present invention utilize systems, methods, and computer program products that perform temporally dynamic location-based predictive data analysis by utilizing at least one of prevalence-based density modeling data objects, growth-based density modeling data objects, and environment-based density modeling data objects.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. The method comprises: receiving a flow index corresponding to a plurality of applications available at an electronic device, wherein the flow index represents a type of the flow, and a priority of the flow; determining whether connection for the data transmission exists between the electronic device and an internet server based on the flow index; performing one of regulating the flow based on the flow index in response to determining that the connection for the data transmission exists between the electronic device and the internet server, and discarding the flow index received from the electronic device for regulation of the flow in response to determining that the connection for the data transmission does not exists.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to managing data visualizations. A primary visualization that is associated with a data model may be provided such that the primary visualization may be displayed in a display panel. Insight items may be generated based on the primary visualization and the data model such that the insight items may correspond to one or more visualizations that may share one or more portions of the data model and such that the insight items may be displayed in an insight panel. In response to an insight item being selected from the insight panel, additional actions may be performed, including: generating a visualization based on the insight item that is displayed in the display panel instead of the primary visualization; and generating a scratch item that includes a thumbnail view of the primary visualization such that the thumbnail view is displayed in a scratch panel.

Abstract: Example techniques and systems may obtain one or more search types associated with a geographic location of a computing device. In one example, a technique may include determining, by a mobile computing device, a geographic location of the mobile computing device and obtaining one or more search types associated with the geographic location. Responsive to obtaining the one or more search types, the technique may also include outputting, by the mobile computing device and for display, a graphical user interface comprising at least an indication of the one or more search types associated with the geographic location.

Abstract: A method of Demand Side Management is intended to manage the increasingly chaotic nature of the power grid, and is designed to adapt to the future impact to the grid patterns caused by the ongoing introduction of renewable power generation sources, battery charging associated with the increasing number of electric vehicles, and future unforeseen developments, by utilizing Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques. SPC monitors the quality of the grid by treating the grid as if the grid was a process with varying levels of quality, to which the method can detect, anticipate and respond by making immediate and adaptive future scheduling decisions for the control of device loads, or generation, for the benefit of consumers as well as power companies.

Abstract: Embodiments for presenting real-time contact options are described herein. In example embodiments, as system identifies a number of user devices actively viewing a web page that includes a real-time contact option. The system then determines whether the number of user devices actively viewing the web page that includes the real-time contact option exceeds a predetermined limit. If the number of user devices actively viewing the web page that includes the real-time contact option exceeds the predetermined limit, the system prevents presentation, to a further user device, of the real-time contact option on the web page. Conversely, if the number of user devices actively viewing the web page that includes the real-time contact option does not exceed the predetermined limit, the system causes presentation of the web page with the real-time contact option to the further user device.

Abstract: An integrated navigation solution is provided for a device within a moving platform. Motion sensor data from a sensor assembly of the device is obtained, optical samples from at least one optical sensor for the platform are obtained and map information for an environment encompassing the platform is obtained. Correspondingly, an integrated navigation solution is generated based at least in part on the obtained motion sensor data using a nonlinear state estimation technique, wherein the nonlinear state estimation technique uses a nonlinear measurement model for optical sensor data. Generating the integrated navigation solution includes using the sensor data with the nonlinear state estimation technique and integrating the optical sensor data directly by updating the nonlinear state estimation technique using the nonlinear measurement model and the map information. The integrated navigation solution is then provided.

Abstract: A system and method is described herein for data filtering to reduce functional, and trend line outlier bias. Outliers are removed from the data set through an objective statistical method. Bias is determined based on absolute, relative error, or both. Error values are computed from the data, model coefficients, or trend line calculations. Outlier data records are removed when the error values are greater than or equal to the user-supplied criteria. For optimization methods or other iterative calculations, the removed data are re-applied each iteration to the model computing new results. Using model values for the complete dataset, new error values are computed and the outlier bias reduction procedure is re-applied. Overall error is minimized for model coefficients and outlier removed data in an iterative fashion until user defined error improvement limits are reached. The filtered data may be used for validation, outlier bias reduction and data quality operations.

Abstract: In an embodiment a method includes transmitting a signal train through a medium, wherein the signal train includes a sequence of waves of a first group and of a second group, the first and second groups being shifted in a time domain according to a predetermined phase shift, receiving the signal train as a received signal train and as a function of time, detecting a phase shift in the received signal train, assigning wave periods of the received signal train to respective wave periods of the first group using the detected phase shift as reference and determining a sequence of time-of-flight signals from the sequence of waves of the first group and the assigned wave periods of the received signal train, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for determining data structures. In some embodiments, a classifier may be used to determine one or more attributes of an entity. In some embodiments, a clustering algorithm may be used to determine an attribute cluster. In some embodiments, an impact metric machine learning model may be used to determine an outlier cluster. In some embodiments, an outlier process may be determined as a function of the outlier cluster. In some embodiments, a visual element may be determined as a function of an outlier process and may be displayed to a user.

Abstract: A processing device acquires map data that has road information, acquires detection results detected by one or more detectors that detects surroundings of a first mobile object, and cross-checks a position of a second mobile object included in the detection results with the road information of the map data to determine whether or not the position of the second mobile object is included in a region indicating a road of the road information.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) fault prediction system for a building including a processing circuit including a processor and memory, the memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the processing circuit to receive HVAC data relating to a plurality of HVAC components, the HVAC data indicating performance of the plurality of HVAC components, generate, based on the received HVAC data, a univariate prediction model and a multivariate prediction model, generate, using the received HVAC data, one or more predicted operational parameters for the plurality of HVAC components corresponding to a future time period, and execute at least one of the univariate prediction model or the multivariate prediction model on the one or more predicted operational parameters to predict a HVAC fault associated with at least one of the plurality of HVAC components to occur during the future time period.

Abstract: Quality indicators regarding a software project under development that has a plurality of functional areas are collected. Each quality indicator is normalized to a coverage of the functional area of the software project to which the quality indicator corresponds. The normalized quality indicators are correlated to previously identified anomalies of the software project, yielding an anomaly indicative value for each normalized quality indicator corresponding to a probability that the normalized quality indicator is revelatory of unidentified anomalies of the software project. A normal behavior for each normalized quality indicator is estimated. For each functional area of the software project, an anomaly score indicative of a likelihood of an unidentified anomaly within the functional area is calculated.

Abstract: A method and a system measure interfering influences on a checkweighing device. In the method, external interference data are obtained, as are interference data from the checkweighing device itself and interference data from an object being weighed, by calculating or mapping the weighing error data in the stationary state, in the operating state, and in the weighing state. The system for measuring the interference uses a meter and a processing apparatus. The meter and the processing apparatus perform an interference measurement and a compensation method. The amount of interference in the checkweighing device in each state and the amount of influence of the interference on the weighing performance is obtained, thereby facilitating the production, debugging, maintenance, and use of a checkweighing device.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a pre-driver stage circuitry, a post-driver stage circuitry, and resistance adjustment circuits. The pre-driver stage circuitry is configured to output a second data signal according to a first data signal. The post-driver stage circuitry is configured to output a third data signal according to the second data signal. The resistance adjustment circuits are configured to provide a first variable resistor and a second variable resistor, and transmit a first power supply voltage and a second power supply voltage to at least one of the pre-driver stage circuitry or the post-driver stage circuitry, in order to adjust a slew rate of the third data signal.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for performing a data center monitoring and management operation. The data center monitoring and management operation includes: monitoring an interaction of a user with a data center monitoring and management console when configurating an aspect of data center infrastructure, the configuring being performed via a plurality of application program interfaces; analyzing the plurality of application program interfaces used when configuring the aspect of data center infrastructure; and, generating a customer specific application program interface based upon the analyzing.

Abstract: In an embodiment a method includes transmitting a signal train through a medium, wherein the signal train includes a sequence of waves of a first group and of a second group, the first and second groups being shifted in a time domain according to a predetermined phase shift, receiving the signal train as a received signal train and as a function of time, detecting a phase shift in the received signal train, assigning wave periods of the received signal train to respective wave periods of the first group using the detected phase shift as reference and determining a sequence of time-of-flight signals from the sequence of waves of the first group and the assigned wave periods of the received signal train, respectively.

Abstract: A safety system for a vehicle may include one or more processors configured to determine, based on a friction prediction model, one or more predictive friction coefficients between the ground and one or more tires of the ground vehicle using first ground condition data and second ground condition data. The first ground condition data represent conditions of the ground at or near the position of the ground vehicle, and the second ground condition data represent conditions of the ground in front of the ground vehicle with respect to a driving direction of the ground vehicle. The one or more processors are further configured to determine driving conditions of the ground vehicle using the determined one or more predictive friction coefficients.