Abstract: Described herein are techniques to decompose a measurement of the latency experienced by a virtual machine into its additive components (e.g., host latency, kernel latency, network latency and storage latency). The host latency may be determined as the aggregate latency reported from the virtual disk of the virtual machine minus the aggregate latency reported from the datastore on which the virtual disk is stored. The network latency may be determined as the device latency reported from the datastore minus the storage latency reported by a storage system. Various sensor measurements (e.g., aggregate latency reported from the virtual disk and/or datastore) may be first pre-processed to compensate for non-idealities before being combined with other sensor measurements.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of systems and methods are provided for determining detailed locations of entities. One exemplary method includes receiving at least one signal record for a communication device associated with a user. The at least one signal record includes multiple signal strengths, a temporal indicator, and an identifier unique to the communication device. The exemplary method further includes accessing multiple discrete event records associated with the entity, correlating one of the multiple discrete event records to the at least one signal record based on the temporal indicator included in the at least one signal record, and generating a location range associated with the entity, based on the signal strengths included in the at least one signal record, whereby a location of the entity, distinct from one or more other entities, is indicated by the location range.

Abstract: A system and method that transforms data formats into contour metrics and further transforms each contour of that mapping into contours pattern metric sets so that each metric created has a representation of one level of contour presentation, at each iteration of the learning contour identification system defined herein. This transformation of data instance to contour metrics permits a user to take relevant data of a data set, as determined by a learning contour identification system, to machines of other types and function, for the purpose of further analysis of the patterns found and labeled by said system.

Abstract: A test DB data generation method for generating a database for testing, which approximates an existing database, the test DB data generation apparatus comprising: extracting distribution information of values of each column of the existing database; extracting column dependency information of the existing database; and generating test DB data based on the distribution information and the column dependency information.

Abstract: A system communicates process data to a remote computing device. The system includes a processor, a communication unit, and a memory storing instructions for modules. The modules include a scanner interfacing with the communication unit to enable communication with a server via a first network. The scanner enables communication by receiving data from the server, identifying polling requests in the data received, and transmitting request lists to the server in response to the polling requests. The modules also include a data stream processor determining a set of process data values in the data received, the set of process data values corresponding to view list data to be communicated to the remote computing device. Another module is an application program interface (API) interfacing with the communication units to enable communication with the remote computing device a second network by transmitting the set of process data values to the remote computing device.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method comprising receiving metadata comprising univariate time series data for each variable of a multivariate time series. The method comprises, for each variable of the multivariate time series, applying a hybrid and hierarchical model selection process to select an anomaly detection model suitable for the variable based on corresponding univariate time series data for the variable and covariations and interactions between the variable and at least one other variable of the multivariate time series, and detecting an anomaly on the variable utilizing the anomaly detection model selected for the variable. Based on each anomaly detection model selected for each variable of the multivariate time series, the method further comprises performing ensemble learning to determine whether the multivariate time series is anomalous at a particular time point.

Abstract: According to one general aspect, a method may include monitoring the execution of at least a portion of a software application. The method may also include collecting subroutine call information regarding a plurality of subroutine calls included by the portion of the software application, wherein one or more of the subroutine calls is selected for detailed data recording. The method may further include pruning, as the software application is being executed, a subroutine call tree to include only the subroutine calls selected for detailed data recording and one or more parent subroutine calls of each subroutine calls selected for detailed data recording.

Abstract: For visualizing numerical information, a content is analyzed to identify the numerical information. From the content, a contextual information that is descriptive of the numerical information is selected. A graphical shape is selected to represent the numerical information. A dimension of the graphical shape is adjusted such that the adjusted dimension represents a value in the numerical information according to a scale. A comparison object is selected where a size associated with the comparison object is a fraction of the adjusted dimension according to a ratio. The comparison object is presented relative to the graphical shape as a visualization of the numerical information.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes identifying one or more sensor identifiers; identifying one or more activity conclusions; and identifying one or more activity derivation rules each associated with at least one of the one or more sensor identifiers and at least one of the one or more activity conclusions. The computer-implemented method further includes determining, for each of the one or more sensor identifiers, an overall predominance value based on at least one of the one or more activity derivation rules, wherein the predominance value is an estimation of the synergic significance of each of the one or more sensor identifiers to the one or more activity derivation rules. A corresponding computer program product and computer system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A data processing system including a sensitivity coefficient holder for holding a value R of a sensitivity coefficient for a wavelength ?1 belonging to one peak in a spectrum of a first component and a second wavelength ?2 belonging to the same peak and having a lower intensity than ?1, the value R defined using the ratio of the peak areas or similar information of two chromatograms respectively obtained at the two wavelengths; a chromatographic detector for spectroscopically analyzing sample components exiting from a component-separating column and for measuring an intensity at the second wavelength ?2 of the spectrum of the first component and an intensity at a wavelength ?3 of a spectrum of a second component at each point in time; and a concentration ratio calculator for calculating the ratio of concentration between the first component and the second component.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention sets forth a mechanism for identifying similar items within a plurality of items available to a group of users. The mechanism includes identifying a first count that indicates a number of times any user has interacted with a first item included in the plurality of items and subsequently with any other item, identifying a second count that indicates a number of times any user within the has interacted with a second item included in the plurality of items after interacting with the first item, computing a probability that indicates the likelihood of a particular user interacting with the second item after interacting with the first item based on the first count and the second count, and computing a similarity score that indicates the similarity between the first item and the second item based on the probability and a popularity score associated with the second item.

Abstract: Method and system are provided for refactoring of databases to include soft type information. The method may include: carrying out data profiling of soft type data to generate an attribute list with mapping suggestions to a hardened database structure; generating a data model definition and extract, transform, and load logic for transforming the soft type data based on the attribute list and mapping suggestions; executing the data model definition to create a new or modified database structure; moving data from an existing database structure to the new or modified database structure; and regenerating a services interface for access to the data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and related system for spectrum optimization of an illumination light source. Spectrum optimization according to the present disclosure can be based on various optimization parameters, including but not limited to luminous efficacy, color rendering effect, luminous efficacy of radiation, mesopic efficacy of radiation, cirtopic efficacy of radiation, etc. The present method and system are capable of optimizing illumination performance of a light source in various aspects in an individual or integrated manner. Further, the present method and system are capable of accommodating different illumination purposes and conditions by combining and prioritizing different optimization parameters.

Abstract: Methods and computer program products for performing automatically determining when to shut down a fabrication tool, such as a semiconductor wafer fabrication tool, are provided herein. The methods include, for example, creating a measurement vector including process parameters of semiconductor wafers, creating a correlation matrix of correlations between measurements of parameters obtained of each wafer, creating autocorrelation matrixes including correlations between measurements of the parameter obtained for pairs of wafers; creating a combined matrix of correlation and autocorrelation matrixes, obtaining a T2 value from the measurement vector and combined matrix, and stopping a semiconductor wafer fabrication tool if the T2 value exceeds a critical value.

Abstract: An integrated test accelerator platform that ensures discrete testing solutions to be integrated to work together in harmony, and resources (people, data, and process) allocated to these solutions to collaborate and work in tandem. The platform provides a flexible way of interconnecting accelerators (i.e., automation framework, regression optimization, risk based testing, test data management, pair-wise testing, and metrics) using coupling and decoupling mechanisms. The accelerators are configurable and customizable for any unique test execution workflow scenario. This provides solutions for the end-to-end test process.

Abstract: A method of zeroing displacement data derived from a rotor having an array of features monitored by an array of stationary timing probes. The method includes steps to calculate the displacement at each probe for each of at least two measured revolutions from time of arrival measurements. Each displacement is defined as a sum of a common term and a unique term. The set of displacements is solved for the common term and the unique terms. A probe offset is calculated from each unique term. The zeroed displacements are determined by subtracting the common term and probe offset from the calculated displacements for each probe.

Abstract: A process to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones. The process involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

Abstract: A method for determining a wiring risk is a method for determining a first risk that electric wires connected to a plurality of terminal devices are bundled into a single harness, and a second risk that harnesses fail at the same time, wherein the first risk is determined by identifying the number of connectors to which a target harness identified from the plurality of harnesses is indirectly connected, and the second risk is determined by matching location information of the target harness to an influenced area by a hazard source, and identifying whether the target harness passes through the influenced area.

Abstract: A method for searching and displaying child objects of a parent object based on a drag event. The child objects are associated with the parent object. A computer displays a parent object, in response to that a user selects the parent object. The computer further receives from the user a drag event on the parent object. The computer further search child objects, based on a direction of a dragging movement in the drag event, wherein a search rule is predetermined for the direction of the dragging movement. The computer further displays the child objects, wherein how many of the child objects are displayed is based on a distance of the dragging movement in the drag event.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for automatic generation of news digests. One of the methods includes accessing a database storing news snapshots, each snapshot identifying a predetermined quantity of top news stories for a period of time, each of the top news stories in a particular snapshot for a particular period of time ranked according to an importance score that measures the importance of the news story relative to other news stories for the particular period of time, determining a digest time period, determining, for the digest time period, all of the snapshots with periods of time included in the digest time period, generating, from the top news stories in the determined snapshots, a digest ranking of digest news stories, and providing, to a user device, data identifying one or more of the digest news stories for presentation according to the digest ranking.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computing system program products for iteratively calculating variance and/or standard deviation for Big Data. Embodiments of the invention include iteratively calculating one or more components of a variance and/or a standard deviation in a modified computation subset based on iteratively calculated one or more components of the variance and/or the standard deviation calculated for a previous computation subset and then calculating the variance and/or the standard deviation based on the iteratively calculated components. Iteratively calculating the components of variance and/or standard deviation avoids visiting all data elements in the modified computation subset and performing redundant computations thereby increasing calculation efficiency, saving computing resources and reducing computing system's power consumption.

Abstract: An approach is described for identifying an entity associated with a communication in an online environment. An associated system may include a processor and a memory storing an application program, which, when executed on the processor, performs an operation. The operation may include receiving a communication within the online environment. The communication may include a plurality of sequential messages. The operation further may include facilitating parsing, via natural language processing, of language in the communication corresponding to an entity and one or more sentiments associated with the entity. The operation further may include determining whether the entity is unambiguously identifiable. Upon determining that the entity is not unambiguously identifiable, the operation may include identifying the entity based upon Bayesian inference.

Abstract: An approach is described for identifying an entity associated with a communication in an online environment. A method pertaining to such approach may include receiving a communication within the online environment. The communication may be received via a communications network. The communication may include a plurality of sequential messages. The method further may include facilitating parsing, via natural language processing, of language in the communication corresponding to an entity and one or more sentiments associated with the entity. The method further may include determining whether the entity is unambiguously identifiable. Upon determining that the entity is not unambiguously identifiable, the method may include identifying the entity based upon Bayesian inference. According to an embodiment, determining whether the entity is unambiguously identifiable may include determining whether the entity is among a plurality of participants in the communication.

Abstract: Some event ordering requirements can be determined based on continuous event processing queries. Other event ordering requirements can be determined based on distribution flow types being used to distribute events from event streams to node executing the queries. Events from event streams can be ordered according to ordering semantics that are based on a combination of all of these event ordering requirements. Additionally, virtual computing nodes can be associated with constraints, and computing processors can be associated with capabilities. Virtual computing nodes for processing event streams can be assigned to execute on various computing processors based on both these constraints and capabilities. Additionally, for each of several events in an event stream, a ratio between a total latency and a communication latency can be for determined. Based on an average of these ratios, a quantity of reducing nodes that will be involved in a map-reduce operation can be selected.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for associating ad results with purchases made via mobile devices are generally disclosed.

Abstract: A mapping system receives sensor data from an unmanned aerial vehicle. The mapping system further receives images from a camera of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The mapping system determines an altitude of the camera based on the sensor data. The mapping system calculates a footprint of the camera based on the altitude of the camera and a field of view of the camera. The mapping system constructs a localized map based on the images and the footprint of the camera.

Abstract: Various techniques associated with application performance monitoring are disclosed. In some embodiments, a subset of application methods is configured to capture response time metrics, and response time metrics for a prescribed application transaction are computed by summing corresponding response time metrics of methods of the subset that are executed during each transaction invocation. Method and transaction response time metrics are collected for each of a plurality of observation intervals, and the collected response time metrics are analyzed to identify anomalous method and transaction states. Co-occurring anomalous transaction and method states are correlated to identify a set of hotspot methods for the transaction, wherein hotspot methods comprise expected root causes for anomalies of the transaction.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for intelligently adapting content presented in electronic forms. In some embodiments, a processor provides access to multiple instances of a first version of an electronic form by multiple clients based on determining that insufficient data exists in a data source for a category of information. The first version of the form can include content for soliciting data associated with the category of information. The processor can receive responsive electronic communications in response to providing access to the first version of the form. The processor can provide access to multiple instances of a second version of the electronic form by multiple clients based on determining from the received responses whether sufficient data exists for the category of information. The second version of the electronic form can omit or replace the content for soliciting data associated with the category of information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer programs are presented for allocating CPU cycles and disk Input/Output's (IOs) to resource-creating processes based on dynamic weights that change according to the current percentage of resource utilization in the storage device. One method includes operations for assigning a first weight to a processing task that increases resource utilization of a resource for processing incoming input/output (IO) requests, and for assigning a second weight to a generating task that decreases the resource utilization of the resource. Further, the method includes an operation for dynamically adjusting the second weight based on the current resource utilization in the storage system. Additionally, the method includes an operation for allocating the CPU cycles and disk IOs to the processing task and to the generating task based on their respective first weight and second weight.

Abstract: A system for providing data quality management may include a processor configured to execute instructions to: extract a plurality of first data elements from a data source; generate a data profile based on the first data elements; automatically create a first set of rules based on the first data elements and the data profile, the first set of rules assessing data quality according to a threshold; generate a second set of rules based on the first data elements and the first set of rules; extract a plurality of second data elements; assess the second data elements based on a comparison of the second data elements to the second set of rules; detect defects based on the comparison; analyze data quality according to the detected defects; and transmit signals representing the data quality analysis to a client device for display to a user.

Abstract: A system for conducting numerical analysis includes a processor that is configured to define a plurality of components in a circuit and a condition to be statistically analyzed, a module that is configured to perform a table look-up for individual components of the plurality of components, and a module that is configured to acquire a result for the condition to be statistically analyzed based on information in a table in which a component of the plurality of components is defined. A result of the statistical analysis provides a design of the circuit for a fabrication facility for manufacturing integrated circuits.

Abstract: A method for conducting numerical analysis includes defining a plurality of components in a system and a condition to be statistically analyzed, performing a table look-up for individual components of the plurality of components, acquiring a result for the condition to be statistically analyzed based on information in a table when a component of the plurality of components is defined in the table, and designing a circuit from integrated circuits based on conducting the statistical analysis of the system. The designing the circuit from the integrated circuits is implemented in manufacturing the integrated circuits.

Abstract: A method is for the deconvolution of a statistically noisy spectral dataset is described comprising the steps of: a. obtaining a spectroscopically resolved dataset of measured flux from a sample that has been collected using a suitable detector radiation system; b. generating an initial estimate of the true spectrum; c. modifying the estimate of the true spectrum by a response function of the detector used to collect the measured flux dataset so as to generate an estimate flux dataset; d. computing a merit value for statistical fit between the measured flux dataset and the estimate flux dataset; e. applying a perturbation to a value of the estimate of the true spectrum; f.

Abstract: A state observer for a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. Accordingly, provision is made for the state observer to be a multi-variable state observer which has a Kalman filter designed for linear-quadratic state feedback. The state observer can be used for validating measured variables of the steam generator of the thermal power plant, wherein measured variables of the steam generator are compared with output variables of the state observer.

Abstract: System and method for optimizing event alerts in an information technology (IT) infrastructure management system are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises tracking one or more event alerts triggered by monitoring tools. The method further comprises determining a probable usage for at least one configuration item associated with the one or more event alerts. The method further comprises determining a probable threshold value for each of the at least one configuration item based on the probable usage and capacity data. The method further comprises computing a final threshold value for each of the at least one configuration item based on the probable threshold value, seasonality data, or semantic context data. The method further comprises optimizing the event alerts by filtering at least one unwanted event alert from the one or more event alerts based on at least one of the final threshold value and filtering rules.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed for monitoring processor performance. Embodiments described relate to differentiating function performance by input parameters. In one embodiment, a method includes configuring a counter contained in a processor to count occurrences of an event in the processor and to overflow upon the count of occurrences reaching a specified value, configuring a precise event based sampling (PEBS) handler circuit to generate and store a PEBS record into a PEBS memory buffer after at least one overflow, the PEBS record containing at least one stack entry read from a stack after the at least one overflow, enabling the PEBS handler circuit to generate and store the PEBS record after the at least one overflow, generating and storing the PEBS record into the PEBS memory buffer after the at least one overflow; and storing contents of the PEBS memory buffer to a PEBS trace file in a memory.

Abstract: A method of automatically evolving survey questions includes receiving, at a processor, a first set of textual responses to at least one open-ended question in a survey, reformatting the first set of textual responses as a set of possible textual responses in the form of closed-ended questions with numerical ratings as options, storing the set of possible textual responses in a memory in communication with the processor, selecting and transmitting a subset of the set of possible textual response to survey recipients, receiving, at the processor, participant numerical ratings for each textual response, using the processor to generate a confidence measure and score for each possible textual response based upon the participant ratings, generating a ranked list, with the processor, including the confidence measures, storing the ranked list, and converting at least one of the original open-ended question in the survey to a closed-ended ended question, using a subset of the textual responses.

Abstract: An x-ray spectrum collected from a sample via excitation of the sample by an electron beam includes artifacts due to interaction volume, surface effects, contamination, or other interferences with the desired collection of representative x-rays from the sample. Inline spectral correlation, summation, averaging, other aggregation, or combinations thereof provides more precise collection of x-ray spectrum from multi-phase, unprepared, particle, or complex samples.

Abstract: A method includes retrieving capacity utilization data for a plurality of resources and applying a linear regression analysis on the capacity utilization data. The method further includes projecting, using a processor, the capacity utilization data through a future time based on results of the linear regression analysis. The method additionally includes determining a deviation from a predetermined threshold range in the projected capacity utilization data for a first resource, and, in response to determining the deviation, determining, for each of a plurality of resource configurations, future capacity utilization of the first resource based on a non-linear capacity consumption model corresponding to the resource configuration. The method also includes applying a selected resource configuration from the plurality of resource configurations to the first resource to prevent the first resource from deviating from the predetermined threshold range.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, including: transferring a substrate to a module having a first process chamber and a second process chamber; reading a recipe program depending on a type and a number of the substrate; and processing the substrate according to the recipe program, wherein in the act of processing the substrate, a first data indicating a state of the first process chamber and a second data indicating a state of the second process chamber are respectively detected, and a comparison between the first data and a previously-acquired first reference data and a comparison between the second data and a previously-acquired second reference data are displayed on a display screen.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention, a display is used to show an indication of the signal's quality. This indication of the signal's quality may be provided in a number of ways, including audibly or visually.

Abstract: A camera system comprises an image capturing device and an object classification module connected to the image capturing device. The object classification module is operable to determine whether or not an object in an image is a member of an object class. The object classification module includes multiple decision steps configured in a cascade configuration, wherein at least one of the multiple decision steps is operable to (a) accept an object as a member of the object class, (b) reject an object as a member of the object class, and (c) call on a next step to determine whether or not an object is a member of the object class.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for calculating a power characteristic of an integrated circuit design. For each standard cell of a gate-level netlist, a path length and a set of attributes are computed. For each leaf-level instance of a register-transfer level (RTL) netlist, a path length and a set of attributes are computed. The standard cells are partitioned into first subsets, each of the first subsets containing standard cells with a same path length and a same set of attributes. For each first subset, a relative percentage for each type of standard cell included in the first subset is calculated. The leaf-level instances are partitioned into second subsets. For each pair of corresponding first and second subsets, standard cells are associated with the leaf-level instances of the second subset based on the relative percentages. A power characteristic of the RTL netlist is calculated based on the associated standard cells.

Abstract: The computer system and method described herein attempt to address the deficiencies by analyzing all relevant data points for each test and control location collectively determine outliers and then exclude the individual outlier data points from the data when analyzing an initiative during a relevant test period. Rather than exclude outliers at the site level, the particular time increment having the outlier data can be extracted and the site can remain in the analysis.

Abstract: A recommendation engine for works of literature uses patterns of flow and element similarities for scoring a first user-rated work of literature against one or more recommendation candidate works of literature. Cluster models are created using meta-data modeling the works of literature, the meta-data having literary element categories and instances within each category. Each instance is described by an index value (position in the literature) and significance value (e.g. weight or significance). Cluster finding process(es) invoked for each instance in each category find Similarity Concept clusters and Consistency Trend clusters, which are recorded into the cluster models representing each work of literature. The cluster model can be printed or displayed so that a user can visually understand the ebb and flow of each literary element in the literature, and may be digitally compared to other cluster models of other works of literature for potential recommendation to a user.

Abstract: A recommendation engine for works of literature uses patterns of flow and element similarities for scoring a first user-rated work of literature against one or more recommendation candidate works of literature. Cluster models are created using meta-data modeling the works of literature, the meta-data having literary element categories and instances within each category. Each instance is described by an index value (position in the literature) and significance value (e.g. weight or significance). Cluster finding process(es) invoked for each instance in each category find Similarity Concept clusters and Consistency Trend clusters, which are recorded into the cluster models representing each work of literature. The cluster model can be printed or displayed so that a user can visually understand the ebb and flow of each literary element in the literature, and may be digitally compared to other cluster models of other works of literature for potential recommendation to a user.

Abstract: Various aspects of a system and a method to remotely monitor API performance and user behavior associated with a user interface (UI) are disclosed herein. In accordance with an embodiment, the system includes a server that includes registration of a metric associated with performance of an application program interface (API) and/or the UI associated with a client device. The metric may be registered as a unique namespace information value. A numeric value is assigned to the registered metric to associate the assigned numeric value with the registered metric. The assigned numeric value associated with the registered metric is synchronized at the client device and the server. The performance of the API and/or the UI associated with the client device is determined based on receipt of the assigned numeric value from the client device.

Abstract: A system for testing candidate code to determine if the candidate code is approved for deployment to a production environment. The system may include a code testing engine configured to test a first code set of previously approved code to a testing server and a production environment including multiple production servers. At a deployment time, the code testing engine may then deploy candidate code to the testing server, while the production servers execute the first code set. Performance data for a time period before the deployment time and after the deployment time is collected. Latency data sets are fetched from the performance data sets and compared using multiple statistical tests. If the multiple statistical tests generate passing results, the candidate code is approved for deployment to the production environment.

Abstract: Method for monitoring data events using calendars are provided. Aspects include accessing a plurality of calendars, each calendar defining a schedule of calendar days and receiving a plurality of inputs from one or more applications, each input defining a data event for a specific source, for each calendar of the plurality of calendars. Aspects also include maintaining, for each data event source, a count for each calendar day and a count for each non-calendar day, for each calendar of the plurality of calendars. Aspects further include determining, for each data event source, if a comparison of the count for each calendar day and the count for each non-calendar day is statistically significant, and generating an output for a data event source, if the comparison of the count for each calendar day and the count for each non-calendar day is statistically significant.

Abstract: A method for evaluating performance of a data communication network with a receiver node arranged to initiate data transmission thereto from a plurality of transmitter nodes directly connected therewith includes applying to the data communication network a stochastic operation model arranged to model operation characteristics of the receiver node, and determining throughput or power consumption of the network based on the stochastic operation model. The operation characteristics include: a duration of a work cycle of the receiver node (Tcycle), the work cycle including an active data communication period (Thold) and an inactive period (Tdwell); a duration of the active data communication period (Thold), the active data communication period including a number of data communication events; the number of data communication events in the work cycle n; a duration of the respective data communication events (Ttx); and amount of data successfully received at the receiver node in the work cycle (Bi).