Abstract: Systems and methods for optimization-based travel itinerary planning utilizing a multiattribute travel booking platform are described herein. The system has a database, a scheduler, a parser, and a processor. The database stores a travel lexicon having attribute names, a travel taxonomy having look-up tables, and user preferences for a user related to travel attributes. The scheduler instantiates the travel attributes in terms of the travel lexicon and indexes them, searches for feasible travel itineraries, and transmits an optimal travel itinerary. The parser parses the travel-related query and ascertains a relevant attribute set, which produces attribute values. The processor receives a travel-related query from a user device, receives the user preferences from the database, ranks and weights the attribute values, associates values to the feasible travel itineraries, scores the feasible travel itineraries, and selects the optimal travel itinerary.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, at a server comprising at least one processor, a transportation request from a computing device of a passenger, the transportation request specifying a pickup location; and determining, by the server, a surge pricing multiplier and a surge pricing cap for the transportation request based on the pickup location, the surge pricing cap representing a maximum amount of a fare for the transportation request that is subject to a surge pricing surcharge.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a network-based real-time enterprise travel management system that can facilitate planning, booking, scheduling, and managing travel, while also facilitating expense budgeting and reporting. Embodiments of the present disclosure can provide systems and methods for generating and managing a predictive itinerary associated with travel and/or an event, as well as a centralized marketplace for accessing various services and events.

Abstract: A system described herein may provide a technique for the predictive determination of regions, such as registration areas associated with a wireless network, with respect to a User Equipment (“UE”) that registers with the wireless network. Such registration areas may be associated with different services, Quality of Service (“QoS”) parameters, network slices, or the like. When registering with the wireless network, the UE may receive an indication of a registration area that includes multiple tracking areas, which include a tracking area in which the UE is currently located and one or more other tracking areas in which the UE is likely to enter, as predicted based on one or more artificial intelligence/machine learning (“AI/ML”) models. The prediction may be based on the current location of the UE, UE attributes or parameters, and/or historical location information associated with the UE and/or other UEs.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, that enable clients to claims spots on client-initiated segments. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, from a device of a creator, data specifying a client-initiated segment created by the creator through an interface presented at the device. A determination is made, based on the number of spots being claimed by the creator, that the client-initiated segment includes one or more available spots that are available to be claimed by clients other than the creator. A proper subset of the clients that are transmitted a notification that the client-initiated segment is available is created from a set of clients. For each client in the proper subset of clients, the notification that the client-initiated segment is available is transmitted to the client and the client is enabled to claim a spot on the client-initiated segment.

Abstract: A system in accordance with present embodiments includes a plurality of virtual queuing stations associated with respective attractions within a theme park and a virtual queue control system configured to maintain respective virtual queues for the respective attractions and in communication with the plurality of virtual queuing stations. The virtual queue control system is configured to receive communications from the plurality of virtual queuing stations and add guests to the respective virtual queues based on the communications.

Abstract: An information management and synchronous communications system and method facilitates database equilibrium and synchronization with wired, wireless, and Web-based systems, user-friendly and efficient generation of computerized menus and reservations with handwritten/voice modifications for restaurants and other applications that utilize equipment with nonstandard graphical formats, display sizes and/or applications for use in remote data entry, information management and communication with host computer, digital input device or remote pager via standard hardwired connection, the interne, a wireless link, printer, or the like. Various operations employing automated the telephone calls and/or messaging may, for instance, be performed. For example, desired reservation and/or appointment information may be automatically converted and conveyed to one or more entities via automated telephone call and/or messaging.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and a method for training with multi-modal data in a relational database, including generating a first database including a multi-view of the multi-modal data, retrieving a second set of data from an external source via a network, and training a first model according the first database and the second set of data. The first model outputs relationships of the first database with the multi-view and the second set of data.

Abstract: An information management and synchronous communications system and method facilitates database equilibrium and synchronization with wired, wireless, and Web-based systems, user-friendly and efficient generation of computerized menus and reservations with handwritten/voice modifications for restaurants and other applications that utilize equipment with nonstandard graphical formats, display sizes and/or applications for use in remote data entry, information management and communication with host computer, digital input device or remote pager via standard hardwired connection, the internet, a wireless link, printer, or the like. Various operations employing automated telephone calls and/or messaging may, for instance, be performed. For example, desired reservation and/or appointment information may be automatically converted and conveyed to one or more entities via automated telephone call and/or messaging.

Abstract: A method carried out by a computer for coordinating a route comprising a public transportation leg using a vehicle operated by a public transportation service and characterized by an estimated arrival time; and a subsequent ordered transportation leg using a vehicle operated by an ordered transportation service, the method comprising: transmitting to the ordered transportation service an order for a vehicle to provide the ordered transportation leg, the order being characterized by an estimated departure time; tracking real-time progress of the user along the public transportation leg; responsive to the tracking detecting a delay in the public transportation leg, determining a later departure time for the ordered transportation leg; transmitting to the ordered transportation service a revised order for the ordered transportation leg comprising the later departure time; and sending to the mobile communication device a rescheduling notification comprising the later departure time.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide techniques for providing coordinated display of software applications. In one embodiments, a method for enabling a first software application to enter a co-display mode with a second software application includes obtaining a co-display notification associated with the second software application; determining an overlay region within the first display region; generating a display update request, wherein the display update request is configured to cause the computing device to display a transparent overlay user interface element over the overlay region; causing the computing device to transmit co-display information to the second software application; and causing the computing device to update display of a first application interface associated with the first software application in accordance with the display update request.

Abstract: A method for providing a route in response to a request includes receiving a request for a route, comprising a start location and an end location. The method further includes determining a source based at least in part on the request and obtaining route segments from the source. Additionally, the method includes generating a suggested route, comprising a plurality of the route segments, and transmitting the suggested route in response to the request. The suggested route is generated based at least in part on the start location, the end location, and the route segments. Systems for carrying out the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, software, products and systems of an identity authentication and verification system which provide one or more users to verify by electronic and non-electronic means the identity of a person with whom a user is interacting.

Abstract: The field of the invention relates to methods, servers and computer program products for inferring which fare classes are available. There is provided a method of inferring fare class availability for a specific flight or flights by: (a) receiving observable, live bookable prices for that flight(s), in which that price information is not accompanied by complete fare class information for those flight(s); (b) comparing the observable, live bookable prices with a set of prices calculated from stored data, such as valid itinerary data, fare data such as FROP data, and tax/surcharge data; and (c) determining which fare class was used in the observable live bookable price by determining which fare class was used in the calculated price that matches most closely to the observable live bookable price.

Abstract: The disclosed computer-implemented method may include instant and optimized matching of transportation requesters with transportation providers by precomputing and caching evaluations of matching schemes between existing requests and available providers, where each of the matching schemes excludes one of the available providers. The possibility of matching any new request to a given provider may then be evaluated according to the cached results of the matching scheme that excluded that provider along with an evaluation of matching the new request to the provider, which may be a computationally easy problem. Thus, the new request may be matched to a provider instantly without waiting for the next iteration of solving the global matching problem. Matching requestors and providers in this way may also improve the accuracy of estimated time of arrival information provided to requestors. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for controlling a driving condition component of a vehicle includes disabling automatic operation of the driving condition component based on enabling an autonomous operating mode of the vehicle. The method also includes determining, while the vehicle is operating in the autonomous mode, a current condition satisfies an unsafe driving condition for a manual operating mode of the vehicle. The method further includes enabling the driving condition component to mitigate based on predicting a human occupant will enable the manual operating mode during a time period associated with the current condition, the driving condition component being enabled prior to the human occupant switching from the autonomous operating mode to the manual operating mode.

Abstract: Virtual firewalls may be established that enforce sets of policies with respect to computing resources maintained by multi-tenant distributed services. Particular subsets of computing resources may be associated with particular tenants of a multi-tenant distributed service. A tenant may establish a firewalling policy set enforced by a virtual firewall for an associated subset of computing resources without affecting other tenants of the multi-tenant distributed service. Virtual firewalls enforcing multiple firewalling policy sets may be maintained by a common firewalling component of the multi-tenant distributed service. Firewalling policy sets may be distributed at multiple locations throughout the multi-tenant distributed service. For a request targeting a particular computing resource, the common firewalling component may identify the associated virtual firewall, and submit the request to the virtual firewall for evaluation in accordance with the corresponding firewalling policy set.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program product for arranging transportation are provided. The method includes analyzing a first set of data by one or more processors to predict transportation demands of a passenger, and includes analyzing a second set of data by the one or more processors to determine a supply of vehicles in a transportation system. The method also includes generating, by the one or more processors, a transportation offer based on the predicted transportation demands of the passenger and the supply of vehicles. The method includes transmitting the transportation offer to the passenger and the transportation system. Upon receiving an acceptance of the offer by at least the passenger, the method further includes creating a transportation arrangement between the passenger and the transportation system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for adding stops to an autonomous vehicle route. A passenger can request an intermediate stop during which the passenger can exit the autonomous vehicle. An intermediate stop request may include a stop duration. Autonomous vehicle driving behavior during the intermediate stop may include parking, driving around, and performing a different route.

Abstract: The present application discloses an improved wait time optimization system, and corresponding methods and computer-readable media. According to disclosed embodiments, the wait time optimization system generates a customized wait time period for a provider computing device that has arrived at a pickup location associated with a matched transportation request. Upon the expiration of the customized wait time period, the wait time optimization system selectively enables a cancellation option for the provider computing device that enables a user of the provider computing device to cancel the transportation request, thereby releasing the provider computing device for a new transportation request match.

Abstract: Multiple record management functionality can be used for bulk PNR creation. The multiple record management functionality can take a structured input file containing travel requests and process the requests, such as by a set of client-specific rules, to create shell PNRs with the air segments and profile information included. The multiple record management functionality can also provide a reporting capability to detail the outcome of individual requests or a set of requests. Preference-driven bookings can be made based on a customer-defined overall value proposition. Bookings can be made for non-profiled travelers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing a reservation based subscription service that includes one or more processors that perform operations comprising: receiving reservation information for a subscriber of a reservation-based subscription service, the reservation information comprising a booking date and a reservation date; computing a subscription value for the subscriber based on the reservation information; generating, based on the subscription value, a candidate composite offering that includes a first candidate reservation service of a first type and a second candidate reservation service of a second type that are available on the reservation date; determining that the second candidate reservation service has expired; and in response to determining that the second candidate reservation service has expired, modifying the candidate composite offering with a complementary reservation service corresponding to the second candidate reservation service.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for autonomous vehicle fleet management for reduced traffic congestion. A request is received for a vehicular ride. The request includes an initial spatiotemporal location and a destination spatiotemporal location. A processor is used to generate a representation of lane segments. Each lane segment is weighted in accordance with a number of other vehicles on the lane segment. A vehicle located within a threshold distance to the initial spatiotemporal location is identified such that the identified vehicle has at least one vacant seat. The processor is used to determine a route for operating the identified vehicle from the initial spatiotemporal location to the destination spatiotemporal location. The route includes one or more lane segments of the lane segments. An aggregate of weights of the one or more lane segments is below a threshold value. The received request and the determined route are transmitted to the identified vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a web service system and method comprising a determine best result engine useful for presenting intelligent objective decisions for at least one scenario for at least one collection of criteria across many different industries and market segments including but not limited to healthcare, manufacturing, and financial services. In some forms, the web service system also or alternatively provides automatic configuration of at least one of an array of items and services and results that a customer/user requires in preparation of completing a task. The web service system can utilize a plurality of knowledge data engines to capture and analyze information of a predetermined type to produce knowledge data for consideration by the determine best result engine.

Abstract: Disclosed are a car-sharing service device and a method of operating the same capable of improving convenience of the use of a car-sharing service and increasing participation in the service by providing an environment in which targets requiring the car-sharing service are specified and the common use of a shared car is recommended to each of the specified targets.

Abstract: Managing ridesharing vehicles by receiving passenger data comprising pick-up and drop-off location data of passengers, recording the passenger data in one or more queues corresponding to one or more pick-up locations of the pick-up location data, and sending information associated with a first pick-up location to a first vehicle. In response to the first vehicle arriving at the first pick-up location, extracting data of passengers exiting the first vehicle at the first pick-up location, retrieving passenger data from a first queue corresponding to the first pick-up location according to a capacity of the first vehicle, and updating a passenger ledger of the first vehicle according to the data of the passengers exiting the first vehicle at the first pick-up location and the passenger data retrieved from the first queue.

Abstract: An estimate is provided for how long a guest will have to wait to enter a ride, restaurant, restroom, or other point of interest at a venue. Wait times are computed using one or more algorithms (e.g., Bayesian) that can combine direct measurements around the point of interest, historical measurements around the point of interest, and measurements taken from other systems not directly connected to the point of interest. Supporting systems will vary by venue and may include entry ticketing systems, network traffic, point of sale registers, event schedules, and proximity detectors in other parts of the venue. By comparing probabilities generated from this disparate data, current and future wait times can be estimated and provided to front-end devices corresponding to guests or staff.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, that enable clients to claims spots on client-initiated segments. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, from a device of a creator, data specifying a client-initiated segment created by the creator through an interface presented at the device. A determination is made, based on the number of spots being claimed by the creator, that the client-initiated segment includes one or more available spots that are available to be claimed by clients other than the creator. A proper subset of the clients that are transmitted a notification that the client-initiated segment is available is created from a set of clients. For each client in the proper subset of clients, the notification that the client-initiated segment is available is transmitted to the client and the client is enabled to claim a spot on the client-initiated segment.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes searching, by machine learning logic of a computer, a flight schedule database for one or more flight schedule records related to flight preference information specified by a user. The machine learning logic is trained with training data that includes flight schedules selected by passengers and flight preference information associated with the passengers. The method further includes responsive to locating the one or more flight schedule records, communicating, by the computer, flight schedules associated with the one or more flight schedule records to a terminal associated with the user. The method includes receiving, from the terminal, a booking indication associated with a particular flight schedule of the flight schedules and updating the training data to associate the particular flight schedule with the flight preference information specified by the user.

Abstract: A method of displaying, on a screen of a mobile device, time on target information for an aircraft in flight. The method includes displaying a current location of the aircraft on a map, a waypoint between a departure point and a destination point, a symbol indicating the waypoint in a first area of the screen overlapping the map, and a first pop-up window in a second area of the screen overlapping the first area. The first pop-up window displays a current arrival time at the waypoint and an input area to receive an adjustment to the current arrival time.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for executing payment of a fare for fare collection and validation for a journey on a vehicle in a transportation network. For each journey taken by an individual on the transportation system, a central server receives from a mobile device of the individual an identifier of the mobile device together with data indicative of a station of embarkation of the journey. The mobile device identifier and the station of embarkation are transmitted to the central server over one or more wireless networks. The central server comprises a processor configured to determine a fare for the journey based on the station of embarkation.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for delivering items to unattended vehicles. In general, aspects of the invention facilitate controlled access to one or more portions of a vehicle for item deliver. A vehicle is configured with partitions. The partitions can be deployed to close off portions of the vehicle from an area used to accept a delivered item. Partitions may be automatically deployed when a delivery arrives (from a delivery person or robot) to section off a compartment of the vehicle to limit access to the sectioned compartment. Partitions can be re-configured to prevent external access to the sectioned off compartment after a delivery is completed.

Abstract: A device can be configured to receive flight data associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), at least some of the flight data being received from the UAV; store the flight data; receive, from a requesting device, a flight data request, the flight data request including information identifying the UAV or a flight of the UAV; determine response data based on the flight data request and based on an entity associated with the requesting device, the response data including a subset of the flight data, which is available to be accessed by the entity; and perform an action associated with the response data.

Abstract: A server for providing a ride sharing service for an autonomous driving vehicle, includes a memory; and a controller to receive a signal from a first application installed in a first external device associated with a first user for indicating that the autonomous driving vehicle is available, the first user being associated with an ownership of the autonomous driving vehicle; receive a ride sharing request from a second application installed in a second external device associated with a second user, the ride sharing request including a first and second destination location, the first destination location corresponding to a location of the second external terminal or a pick-up location, and the ride sharing request and the second destination corresponding to a drop-off point; search autonomous driving vehicles and identify candidate vehicles to service the ride sharing request based on a condition; and transmit a control signal to the autonomous driving vehicle to initiate autonomous driving.

Abstract: A method is proposed to assist a user of an electric vehicle in reserving a rechargeable battery with a charging station. A reservation assistant unit that is related to the electric vehicle computes an estimated travelling distance from a current location corresponding to the electric vehicle to a destination, and computes a remaining distance based on residual electric energy of a rechargeable battery currently used by the electric vehicle. When the estimated travelling distance is greater than the remaining distance, the reservation assistant unit provides charging station information that indicates the closest charging station that has a rechargeable battery available.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a networked vehicle resource sharing facility, the method and system detect inputs corresponding to vehicle booking requests, where each of the vehicle booking requests identifies location data and calculates identity of multiple locations corresponding to other vehicle booking requests. Drop-off locations may be distinct from drop-off location specified in each of the other vehicle booking requests. The system accesses a data structure storing user authorisations for using assets for sharing and other qualifying criteria. Customers are automatically selected customers to share a vehicle and a route is calculated based on global optimization criteria.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a networked vehicle resource sharing facility, the method and system provide for: (a) detecting a plurality of inputs corresponding to vehicle booking requests, wherein each of the plurality of vehicle booking requests contains data identifying a drop-off location and a pick-up location that is distinct from the pick-up location of each of the other customers; (b) accessing a data structure containing stored data relating to user authorisations for using the vehicle-sharing facility to verify whether each of the vehicle booking requests relates to a customer authorised to use the vehicle-sharing facility; and for those vehicle booking requests relating to customers identified as being authorised to use the vehicle-sharing facility: (c) automatically selecting customers to share a vehicle and calculating a suggested route for the vehicle using the pick-up location and drop-off locations of the customers and one or more stored vehicle-share criteria.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a presenter. The presenter presents, as an option, a first product to be provided by a first provider to a user. The first provider is a provider accessed by the user. The presenter presents, as an option, a second product to be provided by a predetermined second provider to the user if it is not possible to provide the first product.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting an unauthorized activity at a user device are provided. The method comprises: analyzing a first request from the user device, the first request including original client cookie; in response to the original client cookie meeting a predetermined threshold: causing the user device to receive a Java Script Module, thereby enabling the user device to generate a second request, by: receiving server cookie indicative of a given activity associated with the user device being one of: a user activity and a bot activity; generating the second request including first client cookie and the server cookie; determining if the second request is to be transmitted to a web content server associated with the first web page; in response to the server cookie data being indicative of the bot activity: the second request is blocked.

Abstract: A method carried out by a computer for coordinating a route comprising a public transportation leg using a vehicle operated by a public transportation service and characterized by an estimated arrival time; and a subsequent ordered transportation leg using a vehicle operated by an ordered transportation service, the method comprising: transmitting to the ordered transportation service an order for a vehicle to provide the ordered transportation leg, the order being characterized by an estimated departure time; tracking real-time progress of the user along the public transportation leg; responsive to the tracking detecting a delay in the public transportation leg, determining a later departure time for the ordered transportation leg; transmitting to the ordered transportation service a revised order for the ordered transportation leg comprising the later departure time; and sending to the mobile communication device a rescheduling notification comprising the later departure time.

Abstract: Systems and methods of performing logistical management are provided. The logistical management system may receive a request to ship a package from an electronic device associated with a user. The request can include an initial location and information relating to one or more characteristics of the package. In response to receiving the request, electronic data store may be queried to determine a set of possible itineraries for the package. The set of possible itineraries can then be validated against a set of pre-determined rules to produce a subset of itineraries. One of the subset of itineraries can then be chosen.

Abstract: A transportation planning apparatus calculates work time included in a transportation work plan. The transportation planning apparatus holds (i) order information showing a plurality of orders each including a delivery work and a pickup work, a site where the delivery work is performed, and a site where the pickup work is performed, and (ii) work time information of the delivery work, the pickup work, and a delivery and pickup work when regarded as one work. A transportation work order plan is generated showing a performing order of the delivery work and the pickup work that are included in the plurality of orders, sets the delivery work and the pickup work that are continuous at the same site, and specifies work time of the delivery work, the pickup work, and the delivery and pickup work that are included in the transportation work order plan with reference to the work time information.

Abstract: An information management and synchronous communications system and method facilitates database equilibrium and synchronization with wired, wireless, and Web-based systems, user-friendly and efficient generation of computerized menus and reservations with handwritten/voice modifications for restaurants and other applications that utilize equipment with nonstandard graphical formats, display sizes and/or applications for use in remote data entry, information management and communication with host computer, digital input device or remote pager via standard hardwired connection, the internet, a wireless link, printer, or the like. Various operations employing automated telephone calls and/or messaging may, for instance, be performed. For example, desired reservation and/or appointment information may be automatically converted and conveyed to one or more entities via automated telephone call and/or messaging.

Abstract: In a method of transporting objects with transport vehicles, a starting point, a destination, a starting time and an arrival time are noted as object coordinates in a space-time. A transport path network of possible transport paths together with average speeds on the possible transport ways is defined. Suitable transport paths of the possible transport paths between the object coordinates of the objects are determined and noted in the space-time. In the space-time, one of the suitable transport paths per object is bundled into driving routes of the transport vehicles, transport capacities and the actual locations of the transport vehicles of the plurality of transport vehicles being considered. The driving routes together with the object coordinates of the associated objects are transmitted to those transport vehicles involved. Then, the objects are transported in that the transport vehicles involved are driven along the transmitted driving routes.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to techniques that include presenting various investment options in a graphical representation of a map. In one example, a method includes collecting information about a user; determining a geographical area expected to be familiar to the user; outputting a map illustrating a plurality of travel plans within the geographical area, each travel plan being associated with an investment option, and wherein the map illustrates each of the travel plans with a travel vehicle corresponding to an investment vehicle and a travel time corresponding to an investment timeframe; receiving an indication of input interacting with the map; identifying a selected travel plan from among the plurality of travel plans within the geographical area; and determining a selected investment option, wherein the selected investment option is the investment option associated with selected travel plan.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises a controller configured to acquire information for identifying a vehicle conducting ride-sharing; and instruct a management apparatus of a toll road to apply preferential treatment when the vehicle conducting the ride-sharing travels along the toll road.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for processing exchange requests. An itinerary change request is received to modify at least one attribute of an existing ticket that includes one or more existing ancillary services. A replacement ticket and one or more replacement ancillary services may be identified by identifying a recommendation for a replacement ticket, determining whether the one or more existing ancillary services are available with the replacement ticket, constructing a search filter including category descriptions and a similarity score for the one or more replacement ancillary services, and transmitting the recommendation for the replacement ticket and one or more replacement ancillary services to a user interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a mobility service are described. A method for providing a mobility service includes receiving a request from a user. The request includes a mobility device to assist the user and at least one logistical factor. Logistical factors may include timing, an origin, or a destination. The method also includes scheduling the mobility device and a companion vehicle for the user based, at least in part on, the at least one logistical factor. The companion vehicle provides the user transportation on at least a portion of a route between the origin and the destination. The method also includes generating data based on providing the user transportation. The generated data includes one or more of request data associated with the request, user data associated with the progress of the user on the route, mobility device data associated with the mobility device, and companion vehicle data associated with the companion vehicle.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises a controller configured to acquire information for identifying a vehicle conducting ride-sharing; and instruct a management apparatus of a toll road to apply preferential treatment when the vehicle conducting the ride-sharing travels along the toll road.

Abstract: A system includes an operation receiving unit and an operation control apparatus. The operation receiving unit is operated by a user. The operation control apparatus controls a first device at a facility to enter into an operating state in response to a user operation being performed at the operation receiving unit during a first time period determined by reservation information. The operation control apparatus also controls a second device at the facility to enter into an operating state at a start time associated with the first time period, regardless of presence of a user operation at the operation receiving unit.