Abstract: An overload protection mechanism for network nodes in an edge node cluster uses two tier reinforcement learning models; one at the edge node level and one at the cluster level. The node level reinforcement learning model optimizes a routing policy for a service/application to determine whether an edge node receiving a client request shall handle the traffic for the service/application. The cluster level reinforcement learning model optimizes a policy for an application that determines which neighboring edge node shall be considered to handle a client request for the given application in case of redirection or proxy by the edge node receiving the client request.

Abstract: A BGP route identification method and apparatus are provided. A network device obtains a BGP route. The BGP route includes an autonomous system path attribute AS_PATH attribute, the AS_PATH attribute includes a first autonomous system number AS number, an AS number corresponding to an autonomous system that the network device is located in or manages is a second AS number, and the first AS number is equal to the second AS number. The network device determines, based on the first AS number and the second AS number, whether the BGP route is abnormal.

Abstract: A system having a processor configured for executing computer-executable instructions for deregistering a user equipment (UE) during a transition between a first mobile domain and a second mobile domain. A data store is paired with the processor being configured for storing UE data, the UE data comprising one or more of the following: customer profile information, customer authentication information, and encryption keys for the information. A connection controller is configured for managing all connection and session related information from the UE. Upon detecting the UE is transitioned from the first mobile domain to the second mobile domain, the processor is configured to send a data packet to the connection controller to deregister the UE. Absent a confirmation message from the connection controller, the processor is configured to deregister the UE.

Abstract: A network device may receive packets, wherein the network device includes a first routing component, a second routing component, a first forwarding component, a second forwarding component, and a physical interface card concentrator with multiple physical interface cards. The first routing component may provide, to the physical interface card concentrator, a signal indicating that the second forwarding component is to be an active forwarding component. The physical interface card concentrator may cause, based on the signal, a data path for the multiple physical interface cards to be switched from the first forwarding component to the second forwarding component. The first routing component may provide the packets to the second forwarding component. The second forwarding component may provide the packets to the multiple physical interface cards via the data path. The multiple physical interface cards may forward the packets toward destinations associated with the packets.

Abstract: Techniques are described for safely overwriting decided slots and in-order fault tolerant consensus logs for replicated services. Using techniques described herein, a broad class of already-existing consensus log protocols may be enhanced/extended to safely overwrite decided slots and provide in-order fault tolerant consensus logs. When changing to a different epoch of a consensus log, slots determined to be unreachable may be changed/deleted even if slots after the gap were decided. A sequencer protocol establishes distributed consensus among a group of services. The sequencer protocol provides in-order execution of messages from multiple clients, and flow control from within the sequencer protocol, without offloading de-duplicate and reorder (DDRO) logic to the application layer. Fault tolerance is provided by egress cursors and ingress cursors, which provide awareness of which specific messages from each client sender should be executed next, even if those messages are not presently in the consensus log.

Abstract: A first network device sends a border gateway protocol (BGP) message to a second network device. The BGP message includes Ethernet virtual private network network layer reachability information (EVPN NLRI) and first information. The first information indicates a first maximum rate at which the second network device sends traffic to the first network device based on the EVPN NLRI. When the second network device sends the traffic to the first network device based on the EVPN NLRI, a first-type rate is less than or equal to the first maximum rate. According to the method in this application, less public network bandwidth is occupied, and overheads of the network device can be reduced.

Abstract: A system may receive application data in a client-incompatible format and convert at least a portion of the application data into an alternate client-compatible format. In one example, the incompatible format may comprise Enhanced Binary Interchange Format (EBIF) while a client-compatible format may include a web format such as JavaScript, XML or HTML. Interactions (e.g., commands and user input) associated with the application may be received and converted. The interactions may then be processed using the application.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for hardware device integrity validation using platform configuration values. One method comprises obtaining platform configuration values associated with software of a hardware device; comparing the obtained platform configuration values for the hardware device to one or more platform configuration values stored in a platform configuration table; and performing one or more automated remedial actions (e.g., initiating a reboot of the hardware device) based on a result of the comparison. The platform configuration values for the hardware device may be obtained from a local platform configuration value table of the hardware device.

Abstract: A detachable modular mobile autonomy module (MAM) for a modular autonomous bot apparatus includes a housing with latching points, an autonomous controller, location circuitry, external sensors monitoring an environment external to the MAM and providing sensor data to the controller, multi-element light panels on the housing driven by the controller; and a modular component power and data bus. The bus has a bottom side modular component electronics interface disposed on the housing that mates to a corresponding interface on another proximately-attached modular component of the bot.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, systems and techniques for network device hardware containerization is described. In one example, a network device of a network having a topology of network devices includes processing circuitry of a routing component wherein the processing circuitry generates user space containers to operate forwarding engines in each of a plurality of forwarding components of the network device; stores information for directing communications involving the plurality of forwarding components and the network devices; and configures, by at least one user space container running on the processing circuitry of the routing component, one or more corresponding forwarding engines in a respective forwarding component using the information.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for receiving bandwidth metrics from a plurality of routers on respective link routes in a network, compiling a link database including the bandwidth metrics of each respective link route in the network, selecting a first designated link path from the link database between a first router and a second router based on an application routing policy, the application routing policy being based on a routing metric, providing a first multiprotocol label switching label based on the first designated link path to the first router of the plurality of routers in the network, and restricting network traffic of the first router to the first designated link path provided in the first multiprotocol label switching label.

Abstract: Techniques described herein provide for a live advertising processing engine service to act as an intermediary between client applications and advertising networks. The live advertising processing engine service can provide an interface with which the client can interact, via an application programming interface (API) or directly through the use of a standardized language, thereby allowing client applications to receive advertisement data without the need to be customized to communicate with specific advertising networks. The live advertising processing engine service can further track where, in playback the live content, a client currently is, to indicate to the client—or other application—when advertisement breaks are and/or provide supplemental advertisement information to enable the client to provide a rich user experience.

Abstract: A method is described that determines that a replacement node device has been connected to a mesh network, the replacement node device corresponding to an original node that has been removed from the mesh network. In response to determining that the replacement node device has been connected to the mesh network, network topology data is accessed that specifies one or more data routing configurations that are each associated with a node device included in the mesh network. From among the one or more data routing configurations specified by the network topology data, a particular data routing configuration is identified that is associated with the original node device that has been removed from the mesh network. Data that specifies the particular data routing configuration that is associated with the original node device that has been removed from the mesh network is provided to the replacement node device.

Abstract: The technologies described herein are generally directed toward shedding processing loads associated with route updates. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor and a memory that can enable operations facilitating performance of operations including facilitating identifying a route update for a route to a destination node on a network. Additional operations can include evaluating a value of the route update, resulting in an evaluated value of the route update. Additional operations can include determining whether to communicate the route update to a second routing device based on the evaluated value of the route update.

Abstract: A method for configuring a communication network, including obtaining information indicative of current status of nodes of the communication network, links between said nodes of the communication network or a combination thereof; processing the information to determine a network configuration based on the obtained information, the network configuration implementable in the communication network by adjusting one or more of said nodes, one of more of said links between said node, or a combination thereof, wherein said processing comprises evaluating at least the network configuration based on a connectivity metric indicative of an extent to which said nodes are interconnected via said links; and providing instructions directing one or more underlying resources to implement the network configuration.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to allocate hardware in virtualized computing architectures. An example apparatus to manage a virtual server rack comprises a drift analyzer to determine that hardware resources assigned to a virtualized workload domain exceed the resources requested for the virtualized workload domain; and a rebalancer to reassign one or more of the hardware resources in response to an indication from the drift analyzer.

Abstract: Systems and methods include obtaining a plurality of services supported at the node; determining a bitmask to represent the plurality of services supported at the node, wherein the bitmask includes a starting service and each subsequent bit representing another service of the plurality of services and with each bit in the bitmask set based on the plurality of services supported at the node; and transmitting an advertisement to nodes in the Segment Routing network with a starting Service SID value and the bitmask based on the plurality of services supported at the node. The plurality of services can include any of a Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) and a Flexible Cross Connect (FXC) service.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing topology information in a service function chain (SFC) network, where the SFC network includes at least one classifier (CF) and at least one service function forwarder (SFF). The method includes that a first network element in the at least two routing network elements establishes a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connection to at least one second network element other than the first network element in the at least two routing network elements, where the first network element is any one of the at least two routing network elements, and the first network element sends a first BGP update message to the at least one second network element, where the first BGP update message includes topology information of the first network element such that the at least one second network element obtains the topology information of the first network element.

Abstract: A networked database management system (DBMS) is disclosed. In particular, the disclosed DBMS includes a plurality of nodes, one of which is elected as a designated leader. The designated leader is elected using a consensus algorithm, such as tabulated random votes, RAFT or PAXOS. The designated leader is responsible for managing open coding lines, and determining when to close an open coding line.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and devices (e.g., routers) that add in-network services to a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network. A method can include a router of the MPLS network receiving a packet and modifying the packet by adding one or more MPLS extension headers, adding a header of the extension header(s), and adding an indication within an MPLS label stack that one or more MPLS extension headers have been added to the packet. The method can also include the router forwarding the packet as modified to another router of the MPLS network. In certain embodiments, an extension header label (EHL) within a label value field of a label stack entry indicates that one or more MPLS extension headers have been added to the packet. In other embodiments, a forward equivalent class (FEC) indicates that one or more MPLS extension headers follow the MPLS label stack.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adaptively streaming video content to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or wired transmit/receive unit may include obtaining a media presentation description that comprises a content authenticity, requesting a key for a hash-based message authentication code; receiving the key for the hash-based message authentication code, determining a determined hash for a segment of the media presentation description, requesting a reference hash for the segment from a server, receiving the reference hash for the segment from the server, and comparing the reference hash to the determined hash to determine whether the requested hash matches the determined hash.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing topology information in a service function chain (SFC) network, where the SFC network includes at least one classifier (CF) and at least one service function forwarder (SFF). The method includes that a first network element in the at least two routing network elements establishes a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) connection to at least one second network element other than the first network element in the at least two routing network elements, where the first network element is any one of the at least two routing network elements, and the first network element sends a first BGP update message to the at least one second network element, where the first BGP update message includes topology information of the first network element such that the at least one second network element obtains the topology information of the first network element.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture to manage tracks and/or other multimedia items are disclosed. An example method includes displaying on an interface of a computing device, a plurality of tracks in a sequential order. The example method receiving, via the interface, an input to play a particular track from the plurality of tracks, wherein the particular track is at a particular position in the sequential order. The example method displaying on the interface, a queue comprising at least a subset of the plurality of tracks to be played after playback of the particular track, wherein each track in the subset of the plurality of tracks is at a different position in the sequential order than the particular position of the particular track.

Abstract: A method is provided in one example embodiment and includes detecting by a first network element at a first data center site a local connection of an endpoint identifier (“EID”), in which the EID was previously locally connected to a second network element at a second data center site and notifying a mapping server of the local connection of the EID to the first network element. The method further includes receiving from the mapping server identifying information for the second network element and communicating with the second network element using the identifying information to obtain service information for traffic associated with the EID. The method may also include applying a service identified by the service information to outgoing traffic from the EID as well as applying a service identified by the service information to incoming traffic for the EID.

Abstract: A system for connecting sites of an enterprise organization over a wide area network, including: customer premises equipment (CPE) at sites of the enterprise organization; wherein the CPE are configured to communicate using at least two VPNs over a wide area network (WAN) with other CPEs of the enterprise organization; wherein each CPE is connected by a service provider edge router to the WAN; and wherein each VPN defines a tunnel for routing traffic in the IP layer between the service provider edge routers of any two CPEs.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide systems and methods for using unencrypted communication tunnels. A first device intermediary between a client and a server may maintain an encrypted tunnel and an unencrypted tunnel with a second device intermediary between the client and the server. The first device may communicate, with the second device, at least one network address translation (NAT) rule via the encrypted tunnel. The first device may translate address information of a first packet, using the at least one NAT rule. The first device may send the first packet with the translated address information via the unencrypted tunnel, to the second device to reverse the translation of the address information using the at least one NAT rule.

Abstract: A high performance (HPC) system is described. The system includes a plurality of compute nodes, each comprising a network interface having a first media access control (MAC) address and a management controller having a second MAC address, a plurality of switches, coupled to the plurality of compute nodes, each including one or more ports and a head node, communicatively coupled to the plurality of switches, comprising one or more processors to discover a first of the plurality of compute nodes, including facilitating installation of a boot file at the first compute node, initiate a boot operation at the first compute node using the boot file, harvesting switch port locations from the plurality of switches and detecting a location of the first compute node within the network based on determining one or more switch port locations associated with the first MAC address of the first compute node.

Abstract: A networked database management system (DBMS) is disclosed. In particular, the disclosed DBMS includes a plurality of nodes, one of which is elected as a designated leader. The designated leader is elected using a consensus algorithm, such as tabulated random votes, RAFT or PAXOS. The designated leader is responsible for managing open coding lines, and determining when to close an open coding line.

Abstract: A method and system for multi-layer traffic steering for enabling service chaining over a software defined network (SDN) are provided. The method is performed by a central controller of the SDN and includes receiving at least one service chaining rule defining at least one value-added service (VAS) to assign to an incoming traffic flow addressed to a destination server; analyzing each of the at least one received service chaining rule to determine if an application-layer steering is required; generating at least one application-layer steering rule, upon determining that an application-layer steering is required; generating at least one network-layer steering rule, upon determining that an application-layer steering is not required; and programming a multi-layer steering fabric with the generated at least one of network-layer steering rule and application-layer steering rule.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide novel methods for performing services on data messages passing through a network connecting one or more datacenters, such as software defined datacenters (SDDCs). The method of some embodiments uses service containers executing on host computers to perform different chains (e.g., ordered sequences) of services on different data message flows. For a data message of a particular data message flow that is received or generated at a host computer, the method in some embodiments uses a service classifier executing on the host computer to identify a service chain that specifies several services to perform on the data message. For each service in the identified service chain, the service classifier identifies a service container for performing the service. The service classifier then forwards the data message to a service forwarding element to forward the data message through the service containers identified for the identified service chain.

Abstract: Embodiments for implementing an electronic communication coaching service by a processor are disclosed. An appropriateness of a communication may be interpreted prior to a user sending the communication to another party according a plurality of identified contextual factors. The user may be alerted to a possible negative impact of sending the communication to the another party if the interpreted appropriateness is less than a predetermined threshold. A delay in sending the communication may be suggested for a selected period of time to implement one or more suggestive corrective actions to the communication.

Abstract: A firewall manager periodically accesses a set of servers to identify the various services currently active on each server. The firewall manager also periodically accesses a set of firewalls configured to protect those servers to identify various firewall rules implemented by those firewalls. The firewall manager then compares the services data with the rules data to identify any obsolete firewall rules that are (i) defined based on an IP address not currently allocated to any of the servers or (ii) defined based on a port of an active server that is not associated with any service running on server. Such rules are considered obsolete. Upon identifying any obsolete firewall rules, the firewall manager accesses the firewalls associated with those rules and then removes the obsolete rules.

Abstract: In a computer-implemented method for generating a temporal topology graph of a computing environment, managed component relationship data is received for a plurality of managed components of a computing environment, the managed component relationship data including parent/child information for a managed component of the plurality of managed components at a moment in time. The managed component relationship data is transformed into graphical data of a temporal topology graph of the computing environment, wherein the temporal topology graph includes the moment in time for each instance of the managed component relationship data within the temporal topology graph. The temporal topology graph including the managed component relationship data is generated based at least in part on the graphical data. The temporal topology graph for the computing environment is maintained at a service provider.

Abstract: A dynamic management method for a menu, a server, and a system are disclosed. The method includes: collecting, when a function on each independently deployed functional unit changes, a menu change message generated when the function changes; receiving the menu change message through a message-oriented middleware deployed in a cluster manner, and broadcasting the menu change message; and monitoring and parsing, at a portal unit, the menu change message, and updating a menu displayed on an interface.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and processor-readable storage media for automated resource selection for software-defined storage deployment are provided herein. An example computer-implemented method includes obtaining a software-defined storage deployment request from a user, the request comprising an amount of total storage capacity and a minimum number of servers; generating an in-memory data structure of at least a portion of an inventory associated with the user, wherein the inventory comprises servers and disks associated with the servers, and wherein the data structure organizes the inventory based on disk size and disk count per server; calculating, using at least the data structure, total storage capacity for each of multiple combinations of disk sizes and disk counts across the servers; determining at least one of the combinations, based on the total storage calculations, that satisfies the request; and performing at least one automated action based on the combination(s) determined to satisfy the request.

Abstract: A web server and a shared caching server are described for serving dynamic content to users of at least two different types, where the different types of users receive different versions of the dynamic content. A version of the dynamic content includes a validation header, such as an ETag, that stores information indicative of the currency of the dynamic content and information indicative of a user type for which the version of the dynamic content is intended. In response to a user request for the dynamic content, the shared caching server sends a validation request to the web server with the validation header information. The web server determines, based on the user type of the requestor and/or on the currency of the cached dynamic content whether to instruct the shared caching server to send the cached content or to send updated content for serving to the user.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems, methods, devices, and the like for creating an application lifecycle management platform for big data applications. In one embodiment the lifecycle management platform can include a multiple-layer container file that integrates multiple big-data tools/platforms. The system may create a generic template application, create a build environment for the generic template application, create a test environment for the generic template application, and run the built generic template application in the test environment prior to the user writing any new code in the generic template application. In one embodiment, the test environment includes a container management system or virtual machine that launches the big data application (which may be the generic template application before a developer edits the file) on a separate big-data server cluster.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and computer program products that facilitate orchestration engine components for a cloud computing environment are provided. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory. The computer executable components can comprise a ranking component that can rank respective connection components based on one or more attributes of the respective connection components. The computer executable components can further comprise a selection component that can select a connection component based on rank. The computer executable components can also comprise an orchestration engine component that can, based on the selected connection component, operatively couple a provisioning component to a computing resource component t of a cloud-based computing platform.

Abstract: Techniques for API-based endpoint discovery involving provider substrate extension resources are described. A discovery coordinator service located within the provider network can identify one or more endpoints from a set of potentially distributed endpoints for a client to utilize, where endpoints may be located within provider substrate extensions of the provider network. The discovery coordinator service can utilize location values of the client provided via an API request, such as its network address or geographic coordinates, to identify a nearby resource that may be most optimal for the client to use via providing minimal latency of access.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve systems for providing multiple egress routes from a telecommunications network for a client of the network. In general, the system provides for a client of the network to receive intended packets of information through multiple connections to the network such that load balancing and failover services for traffic to the customer are provided. The process and system allows for telecommunications network to utilize a common next-hop value of announced border gateway protocol (BGP) routes to advertise multiple routes to reach a destination customer network or address. By utilizing a common next-hop value in the announced BGP information, the devices of the network may load balance communication packets to the destination customer or address among the multiple egress locations from the network, as well as providing fast failover to alternate routes when a failure at the network or customer occurs.

Abstract: A system designed for increasing network communication speed for users, while lowering network congestion for content owners and ISPs. The system employs network elements including an acceleration server, clients, agents, and peers, where communication requests generated by applications are intercepted by the client on the same machine. The IP address of the server in the communication request is transmitted to the acceleration server, which provides a list of agents to use for this IP address. The communication request is sent to the agents. One or more of the agents respond with a list of peers that have previously seen some or all of the content which is the response to this request (after checking whether this data is still valid).

Abstract: Disclosed aspects relate to cache management in a stream computing environment that uses a set of many-core hardware processors to process a stream of tuples by a plurality of processing elements which operate on the set of many-core hardware processors. The stream of tuples to be processed by the plurality of processing elements which operate on the set of many-core hardware processors may be received. A tuple-processing hardware-route on the set of many-core hardware processors may be determined based on a cache factor associated with the set of many-core hardware processors. The stream of tuples may be routed based on the tuple-processing hardware-route on the set of many-core hardware processors. The stream of tuples may be processed by the plurality of processing elements which operate on the set of many-core hardware processors.

Abstract: A method and system for steering network traffic towards a service device. Specifically, the disclosed method and system entail the installation of multiple service devices around a network. Service policies are cloned across the multiple service devices, and further, each service device is assigned common virtual routing and bridging addresses. Using at least these common virtual routing and bridging addresses, intercept virtual tunnel end points (VTEPs) redirect or bridge network traffic to a service device.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies are disclosed herein for discovery and chaining of virtual functions. An application request can be received from a requestor. The application request can include a request to create an application. Based upon the application request, an application topology associated with the application can be determined. The application topology can define virtual functions and a data flow among the virtual functions. Creation of the plurality of virtual functions in a computing environment can be triggered and an indication of capabilities of the virtual functions can be received. The virtual functions can be chained together to provide functionality associated with the application.

Abstract: Techniques that facilitate re-hosting a subset of a serverless application are provided. In one example, a system includes an interface component, a rewriter component and a broker component. The interface component receives identifier data from a computing device that identifies a portion of a serverless application to be re-hosted by the computing device. The computing device is in communication with the serverless computing system via a network device. The rewriter component rewrites the serverless application to allow the first portion of the serverless application to be executed by the computing device and another portion of the serverless application to be executed by the serverless computing system. The interface component re-routes the first portion of the serverless application to the computing device to facilitate a debugging session for the first portion of the serverless application that is performed by the computing device.

Abstract: A system designed for increasing network communication speed for users, while lowering network congestion for content owners and ISPs. The system employs network elements including an acceleration server, clients, agents, and peers, where communication requests generated by applications are intercepted by the client on the same machine. The IP address of the server in the communication request is transmitted to the acceleration server, which provides a list of agents to use for this IP address. The communication request is sent to the agents. One or more of the agents respond with a list of peers that have previously seen some or all of the content which is the response to this request (after checking whether this data is still valid).

Abstract: It is disclosed a method and a detector capable of resolving unicast flooding in a layer 2 broadcast domain. The method is performed in a detector having a medium access control (MAC) address. The detector receives a first flooded packet having a destination MAC address differing from the detector's MAC address. The detector sends a message to a node in the layer 2 broadcast domain, wherein the type of the node is determined based on the destination MAC address of the first flooded packet and/or based on whether a destination Internet protocol (IP) address of the first flooded packet is an address within the layer 2 broadcast domain. It is advantageous that the message is adapted to trigger the node to announce its MAC address within the layer 2 broadcast domain, causing the unicast flooding to be resolved, by which consumption of available bandwidth is reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods include, at a first Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) speaker node which interconnects two autonomous systems, receiving an advertisement containing available bandwidth on one or more links between the two autonomous systems from a second BGP speaker node; and, for a BGP best path calculation between the two autonomous systems at the first BGP speaker node, selecting a link of the one or more links based on the available bandwidth on the link from the advertisement. At the first BGP speaker node, the systems and methods can further include determining bandwidth on the one or more links; and transmitting an updated advertisement based on the determined bandwidth. The bandwidth can be determined based on a configurable sampling interval. The transmitted update can be provided if the determined bandwidth has changed from a previous value by more than a configurable threshold.

Abstract: The invention discloses an implementation method of unstructured data sharing mechanism for edge computing and a system thereof, wherein the method includes the following steps: receive a data index request from a user, collect the switch, port, link and host information through the control plane to obtain the network topology and status; determine the coordinates of the switch and the coordinates of the data index in the virtual space formed by the network topology; construct a switch connection diagram according to the coordinates of the switch; insert the coordinates of the switch and forwarding entries of the switch connection diagram in the forwarding table of the switch; the data plane greedily forwards the coordinates of the data index until being transmitted to the switch corresponding to the switch coordinates closest to the coordinates of the data index in the virtual space.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a resource obtaining method and a related device, to effectively reduce redundant data transmission between a registrar and a resource server. The method in the embodiments of the present invention includes: receiving, by a registrar, a first request sent by a terminal for obtaining a target attribute included in a resource, where the first request carries a uniform resource identifier URI of the target attribute; determining, by the registrar based on the URI, that the registrar stores the resource to which the target attribute belongs, where the target attribute is partial content included in the resource; and sending, by the registrar to the terminal, a valid target attribute indicated by the URI. The embodiments of the present invention further provide a registrar and a resource server, effectively reducing redundant data transmission between the registrar and the resource server, and saving a network resource.