Abstract: A communication control device that causes a second communication device to generate a switching response frame indicating a response of connection switching that is to be transmitted to a communication terminal configured to switch a connection destination from a first communication device to the second communication device, on the basis of information regarding a connection between the first communication device and the communication terminal.

Abstract: Techniques for tunneling Layer 2 ethernet frames over a connection tunnel using the MASQUE protocol are described herein. The MASQUE protocol may be extended to include a new entity, configured to proxy ethernet frames using a MASQUE proxy connection, and an associated CONNECT method, CONNECT-ETH. Using the extended MASQUE protocol, an Ethernet over MASQUE (EoMASQUE) tunnel may then be established between various networks that are remote from one another and connected to the internet. An EoMASQUE tunnel, established between separate remote client premises, and/or between a remote client premise and an enterprise premise, may tunnel ethernet packets between the endpoints. Additionally, a first EoMASQUE tunnel, established between a first client router provisioned in a first remote client premise and an EoMASQUE proxy node, and a second EoMASQUE tunnel, established between a second client premise and the EoMASQUE proxy node, may tunnel ethernet packets between the first and second client premise.

Abstract: A multi-tenant cloud native system for providing network connections between a plurality of gateway endpoints using tags and secure tunnels. The system includes an end-user device, a cloud control plane, and a cloud provider. The end-user device includes a client endpoint providing a request for establishing a network connection with a service endpoint of the gateway endpoint. Zones and tenants are identified from the request. Tags are assigned to the gateway endpoints in the network based on a tag policy. Connectivity of the tags and tunnels between the gateway endpoint are identified from network traffic of devices corresponding to the gateway endpoints. A database of devices with device addresses is identified to determine routes between the gateway endpoints. A secure tunnel is determined from the plurality of tunnels based on the tags corresponding to the tenant and the network connection is established via the secure tunnel using the routes.

Abstract: A flow identifier is described for packet sequences through a secure tunnel of an SD-WAN and an error message for recovering the flow. A method includes receiving a sequence of packets, facilitating a first secure tunnel between a first hub and a second hub, assigning a first flow identifier to the sequence of packets, encapsulating a first start packet, the wrapper including the first flow identifier, sending the encapsulated first start packet to the second hub through the first secure tunnel, receiving an error message from the second hub, the error message including the first flow identifier and an error code, facilitating a second secure tunnel, assigning a second flow identifier, encapsulating a second start packet, the wrapper including the second flow identifier, and sending the encapsulated second start packet through the second secure tunnel.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an application programming interface API request includes receiving, by a first API gateway, a first API request; obtaining, by the first API gateway, a first forwarding label corresponding to the first API request, where the first forwarding label includes a first target security domain identifier, and a security domain identifier of the first API gateway is different from the first target security domain identifier. The method also includes determining an address of a second API gateway according to a mapping relationship between the first target security domain identifier and the address of the second API gateway. The method additionally includes sending the first API request to the second API gateway based on the address which is a next-hop API gateway of the first API gateway that sends the first API request to an API gateway corresponding to the first target security domain identifier.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method according to one approach includes receiving requests to perform data operations on a first storage container, where the data operations include a read operation and a write operation. It is determined whether first data stored on the first storage container is set to a read-only status. In response to determining that the first data is set to the read-only status, the read operation is allowed to be performed on the first container for reading the first data, and the write operation is performed on a second storage container. Moreover, in response to determining that the first data is set to the read-only status, it is determined whether the read-only status has been withdrawn. In response to determining that the read-only status has been withdrawn, further write operations are allowed to be performed on the first storage container.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a chip placed in a full-custom layout and an electronic device for implementing a mining algorithm. There is provided a chip placed in a full-custom layout, comprising a pipeline structure having a plurality of operation stages, wherein each operation stage includes: a plurality of rows arranged sequentially in an X-direction parallel to a substrate of the chip and having a uniform row height in the X-direction, the plurality of rows including rows of a first type, each row of the first type including: a first set of register modules; and a first set of logical operation modules; wherein the first set of register modules and the first set of logical operation modules are adjacently provided in a Y-direction, and the first set of logical operation modules is used for processing data in the first set of register modules.

Abstract: A data processing system implements techniques for restricting which notifications and/or conversations are presented on a plurality of user devices associated with a user. Each user device is associated with a device category. The device categories are associated with time category information that associates each of a plurality of time periods with permitted device category information that indicates which categories of user devices associated with the user are permitted to present notifications that messages have been received for a particular time period and the categories of messages for which the notifications may be presented for that time period and/or which categories of conversations may be presented or hidden. The message category may be determined based on user input or by analyzing the message content with a machine learning model configured to predict the message category.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for enabling graceful recovery of network connections in a virtual machine instance that has been migrated or temporarily halted. To prevent the virtual machine instance from attempting to reuse open connections, which might fail due to migration or halting, a host device identifies open connections just prior to halting the virtual machine instance on the host, and transmits to the virtual machine instance termination signals for the open connections. The host device may further transmit termination signals to the other parties to such connections. Each termination signal may be formatted so as to appear to originate from the other party to the connection, causing both parties to synchronize their knowledge of the connection. On reactivation, the virtual machine instance can recovery the connections without errors associated with attempted utilization of broken connections.

Abstract: Presented herein are system and methods for handling processing of data in cloud environments. A server receives a first dataset generated in response to a function of a first application. A server generates a set of identifiers defining a sequence of processing of the first dataset associated with the function. The identifiers include a first identifier indicating the first application as a predecessor for the first dataset and a second identifier indicating a second application as a successor for the first dataset. The server identifies the second application corresponding to the second identifier as the successor for processing the first dataset. The server communicates at least a portion of the first dataset with a second server hosting the second application to receive a second dataset generated by the second application. The server stores the second dataset in the cloud environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a network element that processes a packet in the network element is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the network element receives a data packet that includes a destination address. The network element receives a packet, with a packet switch unit, wherein the packet was received by the network element on an ingress interface. The network element further determines if the packet is to be stored in an external queue. In addition, the network element identifies the external queue for the packet based on one or more characteristics of the packet. The network element additionally forwards the packet to a packet storage unit, wherein the packet storage unit includes storage for the external queue. Furthermore, the network element receives the packet from the packet storage unit and forwards the packet to an egress interface corresponding to the external queue.

Abstract: A method for redundancy control is disclosed. CIoT reader devices act as collaborative IoT gateways for connected objects and collect received data from the connected objects and transmit the data to a backend cloud infrastructure. The method includes assigning to each connected object an identifier ID and a freshness indicator, where the freshness indicator is a label having a value of “fresh” or “expired”, upon receiving data from at least one connected object, setting the freshness indicator to “fresh” for each respective connected object, wherein for each connected object the freshness indicator is configured to change to “expired” after a pre-determined period of time, and sending a message to coordinator device, the message containing a fresh list of ID's of connected objects for which the freshness indicator has “fresh”, wherein the coordinator device broadcasts the fresh list to CIoT reader devices within a broadcasting range of the coordinator device.

Abstract: An edge computing (EC) entity belongs to an EC system, and a mobile communication core MCC entity belongs to a MCC system, like a 3GPP system. The EC entity is configured to obtain topology information of the EC system, and expose the topology information to another network, in particular to a MCC system. The MCC entity is configured to receive topology information of an EC system from the EC entity, and provide the topology information to a network exposure function (NEF) or to a policy control function (PCF) of the MCC system.

Abstract: Methods and systems disclosed provide for creating private networks for secured communication between devices. The devices can communicate with each other over a secure tunnel created for a closed circle of devices. Furthermore, the methods and systems can enable offline communication between devices on a private network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for performing steps to cause encoded information to be stored at a client device during a first network session between a server and the client device. To cause encoded information to be stored at a client device, the server first determines a set of network resource requests that encode the information. These network resource requests may include requests for one or more specific URLs and/or requests for one or more files. The server then causes the client device to initiate the network resource requests. The server may cause this initiation by, for example, redirecting the client device to the network resources. The client device initiating the network resource requests causes data representative of the network resource requests to be stored at the client device.

Abstract: A CPU implements a virtual network function (VNF) associated with flow processing and can offload at least some of the flow processing to a hardware accelerator. A module (e.g., TOR switch), external to the software-based processor and the hardware accelerator, examines packet flows and determines (e.g., using a top-K elephant-flow-detection algorithm) which ones are more suitable for offloading from the software-based processor to the hardware accelerator than others. The external module communicates the relative suitability for offloading to the CPU using packet tags or out-of-band messaging, and the CPU uses the relative suitability to determine which flows to offload or onload. In some implementations, the CPU can instruct the external module to change the value of K used in the algorithm.

Abstract: In general, various aspects of the techniques are described in this disclosure for distributed label assignment for labeled routes. In one example, a method includes obtaining, by a first thread of a plurality of execution threads for at least one routing protocol process executing on processing circuitry of a network device, an allocation of first labels drawn from a label space for a network service; adding, by the first thread, the first labels to a first local label pool for the first thread; generating, by the first thread, after obtaining the allocation of the first labels, a labeled route comprising a route for the network service and a label assigned by the first thread from the first local label pool; and outputting, by the network device, the labeled route.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a computer implemented method for assessing network bandwidth availability in a network connection having unknown excess capacity beyond an initial network capacity is provided. There are two cases to be considered: (1) the network has a given capacity and the system doesn't know what it is (e.g., on a cellular network) this capacity may change over time as more users use the network and/or a user is mobile, and (2) the system is assigned capacity but by pushing the network, the system may be able to get more capacity (e.g., on a satellite hub). The excess capacity may be quantified for future potential opportunistic, emergency or priority usage, or in some embodiments, utilized periodically or continuously.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for adapting a second user input device to resemble a first user input device while preserving new functionalities not available in the first user input device. The systems and methods may identify, based on identifiers of the first and second user input devices, a first and second set of device functionalities provided by the devices. The systems and methods may compare the sets of device functionalities to determine a set of common device functionalities and, in response, modify the display of an input of the second user input device to correspond to visual attributes of an input of the first user input device.

Abstract: A route processing method includes obtaining, by a first network device, a flow effective time parameter and a route related to the flow effective time parameter, processing, by the first network device in the specified time interval, service traffic corresponding to the route related to the flow effective time parameter, generating a route control message, where the route control message carries the flow effective time parameter and the route, and sending, by the first network device, the route control message to a second network device.

Abstract: The information code has an information code area constituted of colored information cells with two or more colors, the information code area having the specific information recorded using the information cells as information units, and a teacher code area having teacher cells with the same colors and the same number of colors as the information cells so as to identify the colors of the information cells. In the information code, the teacher code area is placed away from the information code area or inside the information code area.

Abstract: A method is provided that is performed for a wireless network that includes one or more wireless client devices that may rotate their media access control (MAC) address used for wireless communication with one or more wireless access point devices in the wireless network. The method includes determining an impact of MAC address rotation by the one or more wireless client devices on operational resources of one or more networking devices or networking processes in a network infrastructure associated with the wireless network. The method further includes scheduling MAC address rotation by the one or more wireless client devices according to the impact on operational resources of the one or more networking devices or networking processes in the network infrastructure.

Abstract: A server device for use with a cable modem, a router, a user, a client device, and a CMTS, the cable modem and the router being able to be configured in a LAG configuration, the client device and/or the cable modem being configured to provide a notification to the user to configure the cable modem and the router into the LAG configuration, the CMTS being configured to provide a first and second service flow to the cable modem, the server device comprising: a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory to cause the server device to: monitor the second set of data packets; and automatically transmit a LAG notification to the client device and/or the cable modem when the second set of data packets meets a predetermined threshold, the notification notifying the user to configure the cable modem and the router into the LAG configuration.

Abstract: A first device may provide, periodically throughout a test session and to neighboring devices that are in a network with the first device, a message request for measuring network performance. The neighboring devices, upon receiving the request message, are to use a relay mechanism to determine network performance indicator (NPI) values. The first device may receive, from the neighboring devices and periodically throughout the test session, a response message that includes the NPI values. The first device may determine additional NPI values that measure the network performance between the first device and the neighboring devices. The first device may determine overall NPI values based on the NPI values and the additional NPI values. The first device may identify a preferred next-hop to one of the neighboring devices based on the overall NPI values, where the preferred next-hop is part of a preferred path through the network.

Abstract: A method of capturing video and audio information includes, at a server computer, determining a capture group that includes at least a first client device and a second client device. The method further includes receiving a group capture request and transmitting an individual capture request to at least the second client device. The method further includes receiving a first individual capture from the first client device and a second individual capture from the second client device, associating the first individual capture with the second individual capture in a group capture, and providing access to the group capture to at least one of the first client device and the second client device.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for service chaining in fabric networks such that hardware resources can be preserved without service nodes needing additional capabilities. The techniques may include storing a first configuration associated with a first VRF instance of a service forwarding node that is connected to a first service of a service chain sequence. The first configuration may indicate an identifier and a type associated with a second service of the service chain sequence where traffic is to be sent after the first service. Additionally, the techniques may also include storing a second configuration associated with a second VRF instance of the service forwarding node that is connected to the second service. The second configuration may indicate that the second service is a last service of the service chain sequence. When traffic is received at the service forwarding node, the service forwarding node can determine whether the traffic is pre-service traffic or post-service traffic.

Abstract: Robotic processor embodiments determine via graphical image analysis physical attributes of an engagement area of a work-piece that a specified tool physically engages to execute a specific action. The processors identify a model set plurality of alternate substitute tools that are each available within a physical environment of the engagement area and have a body portion with physical dimensions that conform to physical dimensions of the work-piece engagement area, and thereby select a substitute tool that has a body portion that best conforms to the physical dimensions of the work-piece engagement area and meets constraints for substitute tool selection for executing the specific action.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing a method and apparatus for determining source address validation of a data packet in a network in the presence of asymmetric routing. When a data packet is received by a node such as a router, a reverse path forwarding lookup is performed to determine if the data packet was received on a next-hop interface and if the reverse path forwarding fails, a Shortest Path First (SPF) computation at the router advertising the source route will be performed using the link state database to determine whether the data packet arrived from a valid path of the network.

Abstract: Disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a packet forwarding method, apparatus and system, a network device and a storage medium. The method includes: carrying, according to Deterministic Networking (DetNet) requirements for a multicast packet based on Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER), corresponding DetNet configuration information in BIER header information of the multicast packet; and sending the multicast packet carrying the BIER header information.

Abstract: A distributed computing system is provided, including a source computing device implementing a source hypervisor executing a virtual machine, a source-side router coupled to the source hypervisor, a destination computing device implementing a destination hypervisor, and a destination-side router coupled to the destination hypervisor. The source hypervisor is connected to the destination hypervisor through a network. During a migration of the virtual machine from the source hypervisor to the destination hypervisor, the source-side router duplicates packets ingressing into the source-side router. The duplicated packets include a first set of packets and a second set of packets, where the first set of packets is routed to the virtual machine through the source hypervisor on the network, and the second set of packets is routed to the virtual machine through the destination hypervisor on the network.

Abstract: A user group-based packet forwarding method and a device are provided. The method includes: a first network device receives a first service packet sent by first user equipment, where the first service packet includes information about the first user equipment; the first network device determines whether the first network device includes a first user group corresponding to the information about the first user equipment; and the first network device determines, based on a determining result, a value of first group information, generates a first segment routing over internet protocol version 6 (SRv6) packet, and sends the first SRv6 packet to a second network device, where the first SRv6 packet includes the first group information and the first service packet, and the first group information indicates an interworking policy that is determined based on the first user group.

Abstract: A logical router includes disaggregated network elements that function as a single router and that are not coupled to a common backplane. The logical router includes spine elements and leaf elements implementing a network fabric with front panel ports being defined by leaf elements. Control plane elements program the spine units and leaf to function a logical router. The control plane may define operating system interfaces mapped to front panel ports of the leaf elements and referenced by tags associated with packets traversing the logical router. Redundancy and checkpoints may be implemented for a route database implemented by the control plane elements. The logical router may include a standalone fabric and may implement label tables that are used to label packets according to egress port and path through the fabric.

Abstract: The present technology provides a system and method for implementing targeted collection of in-situ Operation, Administration and Maintenance data from select nodes in a Segment Routing Domain. The selection is programmable and is implemented by setting an iOAM bit in the function arguments field of a Segment Identifier. In this way only the nodes associated with local Segment Identifiers (Function field of a Segment Identifier) with an iOAM argument bit are directed to generate iOAM data. The iOAM data generated by target nodes may be stored in TLV field of the segment routing header. The Segment Routing packet is then decapsulated at a Segment Routing egress node and the Header information with the collected iOAM data is sent to a controller entity for further processing, analysis and/or monitoring.

Abstract: Within a particular Top Level Domain (TLD), domain name allocation and domain name ownership may be subject to certain restrictions requiring verification. A processing platform and method is disclosed to process verification of a domain name and/or a domain name entity such as a registrant for domain name transactions with a domain name registry. The processing platform and domain name registry may be remotely located relative to one another.

Abstract: A routing device and an unauthorized communication coping device are provided. The routing device is a device that performs routing of a packet in conformance with a wireless communication protocol in a wireless communication section which is a communication section that connects a base station and a core network device, and the routing device performs network tapping on a packet as a routing target and transmits the network-tapped packet to the unauthorized communication detection device (the device that performs unauthorized communication determination which is determination of whether or not communication is unauthorized communication based on a packet).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for management of network segments that cross geographic regions and/or other types of network divisions in a cloud-based network environment. A cloud-based network provider's geographically-dispersed network infrastructure may serve as the core of a client's private wide area network, and the client may define isolated segments to which other networks (virtual private clouds, virtual private networks, etc.) may be attached. The various segments may remain logically isolated from each other even when implemented across some or all of the same regions—and using the same physical and/or virtual routing components—as other segments of the same client and/or other clients.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing storage of data in a distributed system are disclosed. To manage storage of data in a distributed system, a data processing system may include a network interface controller (NIC). The NIC may present emulated storages that may be used for data storage. The emulated storage devices may be implemented with a storage pipeline that uses any number of storage devices that may be local or remote to the data processing system. The computing resources of the data processing system may view the emulated storage as a local device. The NIC may use its storage pipeline to service its own storage needs. By doing so, the NIC may improve the likelihood that its hosted applications have sufficient storage service access.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for distributing a domain name service (DNS) response cache in a DNS resolving system on a network. The systems and methods described herein may improve response times for client queries and also protect the DNS resolving system from DNS related cyber attacks.

Abstract: A method to broker events of event-driven application components, within a distributed computing environment and using a mesh broker, is described. The mesh broker is instantiated as several mesh agents, the mesh agents being provisioned to support mediation activities relating to a plurality of computational nodes within the distributed computing environment. The mesh agents are further deployed as a mesh network among the computational nodes of the distributed computing environment. A connectivity catalog stores cost data associated with transmission of an event notification between each of multiple pairs of computational nodes of the computational nodes. Routes across the mesh network are automatically selected, by the mesh agents and using the cost data to determine low-cost routes across the mesh network.

Abstract: In one example of the disclosure, a set of electronic document templates is accessed and instances of duplicated document content are identified. Display of a user notice for first duplicated document content is caused. Responsive to receipt of data indicative of a user instruction to create a component template for the first duplicated content, the component template is created and stored.

Abstract: A method for reducing the number of IP addresses used by VRRP includes creating a VRRP control packet at a router of a plurality of physical routers configured in parallel in a data pathway. The physical routers are configured as a virtual router and the VRRP control packet is configured as an IPv6 control packet. The method includes inserting an IP address of the virtual router in a router address field of a control packet header. The IP address is formatted as an IPv4 address. The method includes inserting, in a reserved field of the control packet, a first value. The first value differs from a default value for the reserved field signifying that IP addresses in the router address field are formatted as IPv6 addresses for IPv6 control packets and the first value signifies that the IP addresses in the router address field are formatted as IPv4 addresses.

Abstract: A network router provides Internet connectivity to an intermediate router (e.g., implemented on a computer, smartphone or other device), which in turn provides Internet connectivity to a plurality of devices (e.g., IoT devices). During migration to a new router, the intermediate router may receive an indication that the first wireless router is out of service or no longer exists. Despite that the first wireless router is out of service or no longer exists, the intermediate router keeps each network connection from a plurality of devices to the intermediate router in a manner that is unaffected by the first wireless router being down or no longer existing (other than the plurality of devices experiencing a temporary Internet service interruption). The intermediate router then connects to a second wireless router to replace the first wireless router that is out of service or no longer exists.

Abstract: In some implementations, a router device may identify a network address assignment event. The router device may determine first location information for a deployment site of the router device based on identifying the network address assignment event. The router device may convert the first location information into second location information. The router device may identify a block of network addresses, of a group of blocks of network addresses, corresponding to a region of a set of defined regions. The router device may select, from the block of network addresses, an available network address for the router device. The router device may assign the available network address to an interface of the router device. The router device may enable routing using the interface based on assigning the available network address to the interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for controlling a network traffic path. The method includes: receiving routing advertisement information from a first network to a second network; determining all routing nodes included in a path through which data pass when flowing from the second network to the first network according to the routing advertisement information; and configuring a next hop routing node for each determined routing node, where the next hop routing node is a node in all the routing nodes included in the path and is adjacent to the routing node for which the next hop routing node is configured, and the routing node for which the next hop routing node is configured does not include a routing node of the first network or a routing node of the second network.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide zero-configuration provisioning for modern storage networks such as those utilizing a non-volatile memory express over Fabric (NVMe-oF) system. In various embodiments, this is accomplished by leveraging discovery information, such as multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) information, to locate subsystems in a network and to explicitly and dynamically specify target destinations without a Centralized Discovery Controller (CDC) client having to modify its routing table.

Abstract: A packet processing method includes a first network device receiving a first Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) packet including a first BIER header. When the first BIER packet is a packet sent to a second network device, and in response to determining that the second network device is an edge node device in a BIER communication network and does not support BIER packet forwarding, the first network device determines a target label used for a reverse path forwarding (RPF) check, updates the first BIER packet to obtain a second BIER packet, where the second BIER packet includes the target label but does not include the first BIER header, and sends the second BIER packet to the second network device.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for forwarding data messages between edge nodes that perform stateful processing on flows between a logical network and an external network. At a particular edge node, the method receives a data message belonging to a flow. The edge nodes use a deterministic algorithm to select one of the edge nodes to perform processing for each flow. The method identifies a first edge node to perform processing for the flow in a previous configuration and a second edge node to perform processing for the flow in a new configuration according to the algorithm. When the first and second edge nodes are different, the method uses a probabilistic filter and a stateful connection tracker to determine whether the flow existed prior to a particular time. When the flow did not exist prior to that time, the method selects the second edge node for the received data message.

Abstract: A digital photo frame system is described herein. The system comprises a master digital photo frame configured to display a master media and a plurality of slave digital photo frames configured to display a plurality of slave media. The master digital photo frame is configured to provide power to the plurality of slave digital photo frames, and receive a media package from a storage location. The media package comprises the master media and the plurality of slave media. The master digital photo frame is configured to send each of the plurality of slave media to a respective slave photo frame.

Abstract: A packet reflect subsystem in a server device receives a host Ethernet packet generated by a host from a networking device, provides an entry in a packet reflect table that includes a networking device address from the host Ethernet packet, generates a host IP packet based on the host Ethernet packet and including an entry identifier for the entry, and transmits the host IP packet to a packet processing subsystem in the server device. The packet processing subsystem then generates a server IP packet including the entry identifier and transmits it to the packet reflect subsystem. The packet reflect subsystem then uses the entry identifier to identify the entry in the packet reflect table, retrieves the networking device address from the entry, and generates and transmits a server Ethernet packet to the networking device using the networking device address.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, computing devices, computing entities, and/or the like for contextually optimizing routings for interactions. This may include receiving an interaction, wherein the interaction is selected from the group consisting of a voice-based interaction and a textual-based interaction; receiving an interaction problem statement for the interaction; generating, based at least in part on the interaction problem statement, an interaction problem statement summary, wherein the interaction problem statement comprises the context of the interaction; identifying one or more features for the interaction, wherein the features are input for one or more machine learning models; predicting an optimal route for the interaction, wherein the optimality of each route, hence, the optimal route is determined by the one or more machine learning models; and routing the interaction to the optimal route.