Abstract: A method for preparing a boron fertilizer, including: (1) heating boric acid to a temperature of 180-200° C., maintaining the temperature for 20-30 min for dehydration of the boric acid to yield pyroboric acid; and (2) cooling down the pyroboric acid to a temperature of 40-60° C., crushing, and screening to yield a powdered, weakly acidic, high-content boron fertilizer. The method is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and low in cost.

Abstract: Methods of inducing bud break of deciduous fruit vines, trees, or shrubs following dormancy by the application of bud breaker compositions that do not contain hydrogen cyanamide.

Abstract: A concentrated, homogenous, stable, water-soluble fertilizer suspension comprising: water-soluble mineral nutrients of at least nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium; and an organic stabilizing additive; and wherein the pourable, aqueous suspension has water-soluble mineral nutrients amounting to at least about 80 percent by weight (wt. %) of the suspension.

Abstract: A liquid mineral composition for leaf spraying to improve the adaptive response of plants to a change in environmental conditions. The composition includes the following formula (I) with percentages based on weight per total weight of the composition: total ammoniacal nitrogen (N %) 0.08% to 2% potassium as K20 3% to 6% magnesium as MgO 0.4% to 0.8% sodium as Na20 1% to 2% calcium as CaO 0% to 0.5% total sulphates as SO3 3% to 6% total phosphorus as P2O5 0% chlorides Cl 1% to 2% hydrogen carbonate (% of HCO3) 1.2% to 3.0% boron 0.1 to 0.2% copper 0.018% to 0.03% manganese 0.00005% to 0.006% iodine 0.02% to 0.04% zinc 0.00005% to 0.006% iron (mg/kg) 0.0002 to 0.

Abstract: The invention provides inter alia a mineral complex comprising about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt. % SiO2, about 6 wt. % to about 16 wt. % Fe2O3, about 4 wt. % to about 12 wt. %. CaO, about 2 wt. % to about 8 wt. % MgO, wherein at least 85% of the mineral complex has a particle size of about 10 to about 6000 mesh, related compositions and methods for their use, including for growth medium augmentation and remediation.

Abstract: A naturally occurring zeolite is coated with a special nanophase Fe oxide, thereby forming a nanophase Fe oxide coated zeolite. The composition thus formed can be used for a variety of horticultural and floricultural end applications. When the nanophase Fe oxide coated zeolite is dosed with plant nutrients and is then mixed with a suitable potting compound, the result is a Complete Plant Growth Medium (CPGM). Blending 5% to 25% CPGM by weight with sand, peat, compost, vegetable and flower beds, and native and manufactured soils, provides a number of beneficial properties. Also, CPGM alone can be used for growing indoor plants to avoid plant pests and compost odor.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a formulation based on (i) micronized natural calcite mineral (MC) of particles size from 500 nm to 5 ?m, which contains variable amounts of calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg (CO3)2], ankerite [Ca (Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn) (CO3)2], and quartz (SiO2); (ii) micronized zeolite of particles size from 500 nm to 5 ?m, of general formula (Mn+) x/n [(AlO2) x (SiO2) y].mH2O (MZ) wherein Me=Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu; whereas ratio of silicon to aluminum, y:x is between 1:1 to >10:1; whilst m is number of crystalline water molecules which can be from 0 to >20; and of (iii) one or more additives which, with components (i) and (ii), yiled in the final form of the formulation suitable for practical use: powder; wettable powder; concentrate for suspension; or granules; and/or which enhance basic biological actions of (i).

Abstract: An advanced method for processing a solid feedstock such as coal and a liquid feedstock such as bitumen wherein gases produced from such fossil fuel feedstocks are divided in a way as to polygenerate various by-products which includes the conversion of a waste gas (flue gas) containing nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the combustion of said gases to produce an intermediate made of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N2) in the form of cyanogen which in turn is converted to a fertilizer such as oxamide. This approach obviates the necessity of CO2 capture and storage in a geologic formation. Besides the making of a fertilizer from a waste gas containing N2 and CO2, the other by-products can be power in the form of electricity and/or steam from a lean gas and liquid transportation fuel like methanol/gasoline, or chemicals from a hydrogen rich gas. The method is applicable to utility as well as to industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to environment-friendly, synergistic carbon-nano complex fertilizers comprising carbon-containing-fertilizer. The complex fertilizers comprise carbon nanomaterials, which have the particle size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm and particularly 5 nm to 100 nm, and optional ammonia stabilizer or nitric acid reductase inhibitor. The weight ratio of the carbonic fertilizer and the carbon nanomaterials is in a range from 100:0.1 to 100:1. The weight ratio of the carbon-containing-fertilizer and the ammonia stabilizer or nitric acid reductase inhibitor is in a range from 100:0.1 to 100:1. Said carbon-containing-fertilizer is ammonium bicarbonate, urea, or a combination thereof. The complex fertilizers show synergistic emission reduction. The present invention also relates to compound fertilizers, which comprise said complex fertilizer and organic fertilizer.

Abstract: A mobile energy carrier with which energy in the form of materials from zones distributed widely throughout the world, for example with a large amount of solar energy, wind energy or other CO2-neutral energy, for example the equator, can be transported to zones where there is a high energy requirement, for example Europe.

Abstract: Pesticide compositions and methods for their use are provided. Embodiments of the subject pesticide compositions include a pesticide and an assimilable carbon skeleton energy component. Embodiments of the subject compositions may include a pesticide and one or more of a macronutrient component, micronutrient component, vitamin/cofactor component and a complexing agent. Also provided are methods that include preparing an assimilable carbon skeleton energy containing-pesticide composition and methods for administering an assimilable carbon skeleton energy containing-pesticide composition to a plant. Kits for use in practicing the subject invention are also provided. The subject pesticide compositions find use in a variety of different applications, and are particularly suited for use in at least mollifying pesticide-induced phytotoxicity of a plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrogen containing fertilizer for plant growth and intended to be administered to growth substrate either alone or in mixture with other fertilizers. The invention is characterized in that the fertilizer is comprised of the L-form of a basic protein amino acid or its salt.

Abstract: An encapsulated particle comprises a core particle and a polyurethane layer disposed about the core particle. The core particle can be various particles, such as fertilizer, biocides, flame retardants, seeds, etc. The polyurethane layer comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component. The isocyanate-reactive component comprises a graft polyol having a continuous phase and polymeric particles. A method of forming the encapsulated particle comprises the steps of providing the core particle, applying the isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive components to the core particle, and reacting the isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive components to form the polyurethane layer. The encapsulated particle has excellent physical properties, such as increased water repellency, resiliency and shelf life.

Abstract: An enhanced fertilizer product comprised of nutrients and inert solids wherein the nutrients and inert solids are derived from a source material. The nutrients in the source material are collected with a nutrient capture process. The fertilizer product is agglomerated.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of nitrogen- or calcium-containing fertilizers to improve the performance of S-(+)-abscisic acid (S-ABA, ABA) or ABA salts on plants. This invention also relates to the use of ABA to reduce the phytotoxicity of foliar applied fertilizers.

Abstract: A method of producing products includes diluting a mater in a quality water as a dilution water a plurality of times until solid stable water clusters are formed having a plurality of water molecules connected with one another by electrical dipole interaction via internal electric field of ions and having a permanent electric dipole moment with an electrical field surrounding the solid stable water clusters, and the produced solid stable water clusters can be used with an additional material to produce the final product.

Abstract: A method for reducing the explosive potential of a nitrogen-based fertilizer product includes coating the product with a composition including a coal combustion by-product. The coal combustion by-product may be oxidized prior to coating the product, and further may be one or more of Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, and flue gas desulfurization waste. A primary binder and one or more secondary binders may be included. The primary binder may be water. The secondary binder may be one or more of an organic and an inorganic binder.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer composition and methods to produce the controlled release fertilizer composition are described. The controlled release fertilizer composition comprises a water soluble fertilizer core that is coated with a polymeric layer, intermediate layer, and a sulfur layer. If desired, the sulfur layer can be coated with an outer water-insoluble layer.

Abstract: An agronomic carrier coated with an acidifying agent and a method for preparing same is described.

Abstract: A method for applying a water soluble soil stabilizer to soil wherein the soil stabilizer is added to a solid carrier.

Abstract: A neem based composition for coating nitrogenous fertilizer. The composition comprises 2-10 percent by weight neem extract, 10-60 percent by weight neem oil, 10-25 percent by weight binder and 25-50 percent by weight organic solvent. Also a method of making the composition by mixing the ingredients, a method of coating a nitrogenous fertilizer by mixing it with 0.5 to 1.0 percent by weight of the neem based composition and nitrogenous fertilizer coated with 0.5 to 1.0 percent by weight of the neem based composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a liquid nitrogen fertilizer from organic wastes and manures, in which nitrogen is extracted as an aqueous ammonia, and further concentrated, and eventually converted to nitrate in a biological reactor. The method may utilize nitrogen rich organic wastes and manures, such as wastewater sludge, slaughter house wastes, broiler layer, and guano, and it is especially suitable for providing a nitrogen fertilizer in organic farming.

Abstract: The present invention provides 1) a convenient and novel method for supplementing irrigation water to produce a compound fertilizer that takes into account ambient concentrations of one or more of the nutrients in the irrigation water; 2) a convenient and novel method of prescribing the constituents of compound fertilizers based on predetermined ratios between a desired final concentration of an index nutrient and a desired concentration of at least one non-index nutrient; and, 3) a convenient and novel method of formulating compound fertilizers by providing a graduated series of stocks that accommodate wide variation in ambient concentrations of an index nutrient in local irrigation waters.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical industry and can be used while producing granulated nitrogen-potash fertilizers. An ammonium nitrate melt in the amount of 33÷69 weight %, potassium chloride in the amount of 22÷65 weight %, and a specific mineral admixture—phosphogypsum in the amount of 2÷9 weight % are fed into a mixer as well as ammonia, which is necessary for keeping pH value of the mixture within the range of 6.5÷7.5. The obtained slurry is sprayed onto a recycle product in a drum granulator and granulated under a recycle ratio being equal to 1:(2÷2.5), the final product is dried. A stirring is carried out under the optimal operational mode within the temperature range of 100÷130° C. during 20÷30 minutes. Due to such conditions a productivity rate of the process is increased and granules of the fertilizer have higher strength and reduced leachability from the soil.

Abstract: Methods for improving plant growth and maintenance of drip irrigation systems are provided through the use of novel fertilizing solutions. The inventive method provides the plant with irrigating solution enriched with air, ozone, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides ions within a prescribed range. A gaseous mixture of negatively charged ionized air including from about 50 parts per million to about 4,000 parts per million ozone, from about 1,000 parts per million to 20,000 parts per million oxygen ions, and from 2,000 to about 50,000 parts per million nitrogen oxides is produced from ambient air. Thereafter, the gaseous mixture is directly contacted with water at the rate of from 0.1 cfm to about 2.0 cfm per 100 gpm of water to form a fertilizing solution containing nitrate ions in a concentration of at least 0.3 ppm by weight and containing ozone in a concentrate of at least 0.2 ppm.

Abstract: Modified fertilizer materials are produced, comprising a) at least one fertilizer granule coated with a dispersant to form at least one fertilizer granule-dispersant particle, b) a dispersant, which comprises at least one agrochemical blended with at least one powder, and c) an overcoating material that is applied to the at least one fertilizer granule-dispersant particle. Methods of producing a modified fertilizer materials comprise: a) providing at least one fertilizer granule, b) providing a dispersant that comprises at least one agrochemical blended with at least one powder, c) providing an overcoating material, d) applying the dispersant to the at least one fertilizer granule to form at least one fertilizer granule-dispersant particle, and e) applying the overcoating material to the at least one fertilizer granule-dispersant particle to form the modified fertilizer material.

Abstract: A fertilizer system is provided using extraction of nitrogen compounds and other plant nutrients from combustion exhaust gases, and which is particularly suited for use with an agricultural irrigation system or engine driven plant care equipment including self-propelled tractors, mowers and the like. The system includes an exhaust chamber in communication with the motor driving a pump of the system for receiving the exhaust gases therethrough. Water is injected into the exhaust chamber for mixing with the exhaust so that the steam being formed absorbs various nitrogen compounds and other plant nutrients from the surrounding hot exhaust gases. The steam is subsequently condensed in a condensing chamber from which condensate is collected and dispensed into the inlet of the pump with water circulated therethrough.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer material comprising a particulate plant nutrient surrounded by a coating which is the reaction product of a mixture comprising: a polyol, an isocyanate and an organic wax.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nitrogen containing fertilizer for plant growth and intended to be administered to growth substrate either alone or in mixture with other fertilizers. The invention is characterised in that the fertilizer is comprised of the L-form of a basic protein amino acid or its salt.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a substantially odorless biological treatment process for solid and liquid organic wastes. The present invention also provides for a novel nutrient rich humus material produced from the biological treatment process. The bioconversion process of the present invention results from low oxygen concentrations and high quantities of microorganisms in a diverse microbial community.

Abstract: In a dry or concentrated liquid fertilizer when local water is added to dilute to a working concentration, the hardness components (e.g., Ca/Mg) in the local water react with the fertilizer components and begin to form low-solubility salts. These low-solubility salts form sludges in the working mixture and begin to scale up in the feeding tubes through which the liquid fertilizer is pumped. Furthermore, the fertilizer is deprived of the nutrient values of these low-solubility salts and, as a result, the economic value of the fertilizer is reduced. By adding excess sequestering agent(s) (i.e. above the amounts needed to dissolve the nutrients in the original fertilizer formulation) precipitation of the hardening components of the local water in the mixing tank, in the feeding tubes, and in the growing media is avoided, and previous scaling can be remedied.

Abstract: A pellet for use in conditioning soil made of a lignocellulose fiber matrix having up to 20% by weight of a soil conditioning material incorporated therein. The soil conditioning material comprises one or more synthetic soil conditioning polymers and, optionally, additional soil enhancing additives such as fertilizers, gypsum, and calcium salts. The preferred lignocellulose materials are pulp fibers with an alpha-cellulose purity of greater than about 75% by weight, with preferred lignin content of no higher than 10%. The soil conditioning polymers are preferably polyacrylamides (PAMs) or modified PAMs, but may be a combination of other soil conditioning polymers. The pellet is produced by dispersing the polymers into a bath of lignocellulose fibers. The dispersion is then formed into pellets with a pelletizing machine such that the polymer and other soil conditioning material is interspersed within the matrix formed by the pelletized lignocellulose.

Abstract: The use of dilute aqueous water-soluble fertilizer compositions are disclosed to enhance the rewetting of water, uniformity and nutrient retention characteristics of initially untreated plant culture media and soil.

Abstract: This invention concerns the formulation and preparation of ammonium- and urea-free solid-chemical compositions for the anaerobic bioremediation of environmental contamination using the biological process of denitrification. The composition includes nitrate salts and may also include additional sources of nutrient phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. The use of complex phosphates (i.e., salts of phosphoric acid) is used as a combined binder-nutrient system. The use of complex phosphates in this manner enables the water-based agglomeration of the composition into granular forms in a manner which greatly improves upon the safety of the commonly known “Tennessee Valley Authority” type granulation processes by reducing or eliminating the use of the highly toxic and dangerous chemicals anhydrous ammonia, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a homogenous adjuvant blend for use in spray carriers containing herbicides. The homogenous adjuvant blend includes an oil, a pH adjuster, and nonionic surfactants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a homogenous adjuvant blend for use in spray carriers containing herbicides. The homogenous adjuvant blend includes a nitrogen fertilizer, a pH adjuster, modified vegetable oil, and a blend of nonionic surfactants having high, intermediate, and low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB).

Abstract: A method of stimulating root growth of seeds is disclosed in which seeds are treated with an effective amount of an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of metal alkanoates. Alkanoates having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred, with acetates most preferred. Metals selected from the group consisting of boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, sodium and zinc are preferred, with zinc particularly preferred. In one embodiment, an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate is applied to seeds in-furrow. In another embodiment, seeds are treated with an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate prior to planting. In yet another embodiment, an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate is mixed with an insecticide and resulting solution applied to seeds in-furrow.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of (a) compounds of phosphorus containing at least partly lipophilic organic radicals together with (b) urea and/or urea derivatives in selected quantity ratios of (a) to (b) as a soil additive for biologically controlling plant-parasitic soil nematodes by strengthening the correspondingly antagonistic soil potential, more particularly by strengthening the growth of antagonistic and/or nematicidal rhizosphere bacteria and/or corresponding mycorrhiza strains—and at the same time strengthening the growth of cultivated plants in soil. The multicomponent mixtures which strengthen bacterial growth are preferably introduced into the region of the plant roots in the form of an aqueous preparation using plant-compatible emulsifiers before and/or during plant growth. Components (a) and (b) are used in such quantity ratios that the ratio by weight of C to N is no higher than 6:1 and preferably no higher than 5:1.

Abstract: Controlled release fertilizers are provided and methods for their preparation, wherein the controlled release fertilizers are obtained through self-assembling molecules on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, and then, preferably, linking these molecules into a network with another component. The designed molecules have a hydrophilic portion, which can interact with fertilizers, and a hydrophobic portion that make the molecule self-assemble and setup a moisture barrier. The molecules also preferably have at least two functional groups in order to form a network.

Abstract: Solid surfactant-impregnated, water-soluble fertilizer compositions are disclosed together with aqueous concentrates made therefrom. The use of dilute aqueous compositions made from said concentrates to enhance the rewetting of water uniformity and nutrient retention characteristics of initially untreated plant culture media is also disclosed. The fertilizer composition solids are friable and are composed of from 65 to 99 weight percent water-soluble fertilizer; and from 1 to 35 weight percent of a surfactant system comprising water-soluble nonionic surfactant and alkyl polyglycoside in a weight ratio of from less than 2:1 to 1:5. When these solid compositions are dissolved in water to form concentrates having from 20 to 50 weight percent fertilizer, the concentrates are both single phased and extremely stable.

Abstract: A method for producing zinc diammine chloride (ZDC) from a solution of zinc ammine sulfate and zinc ammine chloride by precipitating the ZDC by pH neutralization using hydrochloric acid. ZDC can be granulated for dry applications using melt granulation at about 340-360° F. Applications for ZDC include use in fertilizer formulation to provide a combination zinc/nitrogen source free of other metals and use as a galvanizing preflux adjuster. As a galvanizing preflux adjuster, ZDC addition is able to adjust the pH of the preflux while maintaining the desired zinc/ammonia ratio.

Abstract: A free-flowing fertilizer comprising: i) from 25 to 99.5% by weight of a powdered water soluble nitrogen containing fertilizer. ii) from 0.05 to 1.5% by weight of a polyacrylamide liquid emulsion/dispersion. iii) from 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of a polyacrylamide powder whose particle size is primarily 50 to 100 mesh in size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a fertilizer by injecting ammonia into and applying electron beam to gas containing sulfur oxides. Gas containing sulfur oxides is cooled by a heat exchanger (2) and a cooling tower (3), and thereafter introduced into a process vessel (4) in which ammonia is injected into the gas and the gas is irradiated with electron beam. The product of the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas prior to irradiation of the electron beam and the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas after irradiation of the electron beam is controlled to be of a predetermined value.

Abstract: Raw material of algae cultivating medium molded body is manufactured by mixing a mixture containing inorganic material, curing material and algae cultivating nutriment, molding the mixture to molded bodies and curing the molded bodies. The molded bodies are manufactured such that the molded bodies are water floatable having a closed cavity inside the body, or containing density decreasing material for example. The manufacturing method enables to produce algae cultivating medium that can float on water in a large quantity. Industrial waste such as coal ashes and incineration ashes, sands and crushed shells can be used as the inorganic raw material of the medium. As the curing material which solidify the molded body, other than cement, algae cultivating nutriment such as phosphorus compounds can be used. Extrusion molding can favorably be applied for molding molded body. A cylindrically molded body can be sealed the both edges thereof to form a cavity portion inside thereof.

Abstract: A method of stimulating root growth of seeds is disclosed in which seeds are treated with an effective amount of an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of metal alkanoates. Alkanoates having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred, with acetates most preferred. Metals selected from the group consisting of boron, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, sodium and zinc are preferred, with zinc particularly preferred. In one embodiment, an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate is applied to seeds in-furrow. In another embodiment, seeds are treated with an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate prior to planting. In yet another embodiment, an aqueous ammoniacal ionic solution of zinc acetate is mixed with an insecticide and resulting solution applied to seeds in-furrow.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to organic compost used to treat soil. The compost serves as a source of plant nutrients, improves soil structure, encourages the growth of beneficial microorganisms and can be used as a vehicle in the formulation of other soil treatment compounds.

Abstract: Unique methods for improving growth and maintenance of warm and cool season grasses are provided by treatment with prescribed irrigation solutions to improve water penetration and to increase soil oxygen, while, at the same time reducing water usage and inhibiting pathogens. In a presently preferred embodiment, the inventive method comprises the steps of producing a gaseous mixture of negatively charged ionized air including from about 50 parts per million to about 4,000 parts per million ozone, from about 1,000 parts per million to 20,000 parts per million oxygen ions, and from 2,000 to about 50,000 parts per million nitrogen oxides from ambient air; effecting direct contact between the ionized air gaseous mixture and a supply of water by means of a submicron injector to produce a substantially dissolved gaseous solution for irrigation of a wide variety of warm and cool season grasses.

Abstract: The invention relates to free-flowing, powder fertilizer compositions characterized by having enhanced aqueous dissolution rates and being able to produce drift reduced aqueous agricultural spray medium. Specifically, the compositions are water-soluble, nitrogen-containing fertilizers physically blended with a guar gum drift reduction agent and a silicone defoaming agent either encapsulated or absorbed in an agricultural carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a fertilizer by injecting ammonia into and applying electron beam to gas containing sulfur oxides. Gas containing sulfur oxides is cooled by a heat exchanger (2) and a cooling tower (3), and thereafter introduced into a process vessel (4) in which ammonia is injected into the gas and the gas is irradiated with electron beam. The product of the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas prior to irradiation of the electron beam and the ratio of the concentration of ammonia to the concentration of water in the gas after irradiation of the electron beam is controlled to be of a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for the fertilization of soil for cultivated plants, whereby nitrogen fertilizer is spread over the cultivated area in conjunction with the sowing of cultivated plants and later during the growing season more fertilizer is spread over the cultivated area.