Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system of system for efficiently bio-converting putrescent wastes to a more usable form. The present “domestic” unit does not utilize a motor nor does in contend any moving parts. Instead, it consists of a generally round container with two small ramps on the inside of the container. The two ramps begin at the bottom of the container and spiral up to the top of the container, where they adjoin a discharge pipe. In operation, the putrescent waste is deposited into the domestic unit container. Mature larvae have only one avenue of escape from the putrescent waste, up the ramps and into discharge pipe and onto collection tubes where the larvae are collected and processed. When the container fills up with larval residue, the larvae are removed from the container, the container is emptied of residue, and the larvae are put back into the container.

Abstract: The invention provides lignin-degradable fungi capable of degrading dioxins that have accumulated in the soil for farm crops, into harmless substances; a method for degrading dioxins by applying the fungi to a dioxin-containing object to such a degree that the cell concentration in the object reaches at least 1×102 cfu per gram of the object; compost containing the fungi; a method for producing compost that comprises a step of thermally fermenting a lignin-containing, plant-derived organic material to be compost, at a temperature falling between 65 and 100° C. for at least 2 hours, followed by inoculating the thus-fermented material with lignin degrading enzymes-producing fungi and further fermenting it; and a method of using the compost for cultivating plants.

Abstract: Process for transforming the residues left after tanning without chroming and the products thereby obtained, based on the process of homogenising (2) the raw material (1), which consists of the leftovers of the tanning industry, such as remnants of skin with hair, trimmings, suede, etc. A mineral acid (3) is added to the mixture, as are semi-metals and metals (4) with a valency of 0, phenol and phenolate (15). The mixture is put in a pressure vessel (5) and is filtered (6) to separate the liquid portion (7) and the solid part (9), which can be neutralised (10) or treated with micro organisms (13).

Abstract: A material composed primarily of coffee grounds, along with other commercial and industrial waste materials, in which the materials are uniformly pulverized, skillfully measured and combined to form a homogeneous particulate waste mixture. The composition is alternately turned and rested in a windrow or like apparatus for several months until natural aerobic thermophilic fermentation causes the material composition to have an overall pH level of 5.0 to 7.0 (with an optimum of 6.0), for the purpose of making the minerals latent in the material composition soluble, conducive to healthy plant life, and therefore useable as a plant growth medium.

Abstract: Initially, putrescent waste is deposited on a surface of a disposal volume which is partially composed of putrescent waste. A living system bio-converts at least a portion of the putrescent waste in the disposal volume, transforming the putrescent waste into waste residue. While bio-conversion is occurring on a portion of the putrescent waste in the disposal volume, waste residue is excavated from the disposal volume below the surface of the disposal volume. Because the excavation takes place below the surface area, the bio-conversion process is not affected by excavating the waste residue. A device for continuous bio-conversion of putrescent waste comprises a disposal track having lateral side walls and floor for containing the disposal volume. An excavation gap is associated with at least one of the lateral side walls for excavating waste material from the disposal volume. The excavation gap is positioned substantially below the living system so waste can be excavated simultaneously with bio-conversion.

Abstract: Provided are a composting accelerator which comprises a mixture obtained by mixing (A) an organic matter having an arabinoxylan content of 10 wt. % or greater and (B) heat-resistant bacteria for assimilating an organic material, and optionally a humic acid and has a pH adjusted within a range of from 6.0 to 8.5; a composting accelerator comprising a mixture obtained by mixing the above-described organic matter (A) and calcium silicate (C) at a weight ratio ranging from 50:50 to 95:5; and a process for producing an organic fertilizer by using each of the above-described composting accelerators.

Abstract: Initially, putrescent waste is deposited on a surface of a disposal volume which is partially composed of putrescent waste. A living system bio-converts at least a portion of the putrescent waste in the disposal volume, transforming the putrescent waste into waste residue. While bio-conversion is occurring on a portion of the putrescent waste in the disposal volume, waste residue is excavated from the disposal volume below the surface of the disposal volume. Because the excavation takes place below the surface area, the bio-conversion process is not affected by excavating the waste residue. A device for continuous bio-conversion of putrescent waste comprises a disposal track having lateral side walls and floor for containing the disposal volume. An excavation gap is associated with at least one of the lateral side walls for excavating waste material from the disposal volume. The excavation gap is positioned substantially below the living system so waste can be excavated simultaneously with bio-conversion.

Abstract: A method for continuously proceeding organic material, which comprises the steps of:

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an application of Lumeikesi hybrid rumex acetosa in production of agricultural fertilizer. Lumeikesi hybrid rumex is a new variety, which has high contents of protein, vitamin C and carotene. A nutrient juice of Lumeikesi hybrid rumex is added to weathered coal and converted to humic acid necessary for agricultural fertilizer, then formulated into agricultural fertilizer. The fertilizer can increase yield of crop, improve quantity of fruit and can also reduce environmental pollution and prevent humans from chemical substance.

Abstract: Arrangement for collecting and composting night-soil and other biodegradable material, comprising a space (23) in which a starting bed (29) has been spread out in order to accelerate the breakdown of material (30) which is dropped down onto the starting bed. The space (23) is lined with an inner layer of a flexible, liquid-impermeable material forming a sack-like container (8) which is open at the top. The starting bed (29) is arranged in the sack-like container, and the arrangement comprises members (40) for pressing the upper edge portion of the container against a ceiling (36) which is located under the floor (32) of at least one overhead toilet and is provided with at least one opening for attachment to a toilet bowl. The sack-like container (8) is designed to enclose the material (30) while the latter is being broken down, and the container comprises members for conveying liquid, which has been separated off from the material, via a screen arrangement (31).

Abstract: The present invention provides innovative blends of select compost and one or more natural, organic fibrous materials that act as mechanical tackifiers. Compost blends of the present invention exhibit improved performance in landscape management, and are particularly useful in the form of mats and berms for the prevention and treatment of erosion and the control of sedimentation. They also serve to remediate water runoff of excess nutrients, pesticides, metals, and numerous other environmental pollutants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating organic waste matter in a fermentation container having an shoveling conveyor, comprising the steps of: a) depositing or showering organic waste matter into an entry port of the fermentation container which contains at least one of crushed wooden materials and natural fibers, and incinerated ash thereof; b) transporting the organic waste matter toward an exit port of the fermentation container by the shoveling conveyor; c) unloading the treated matter from the container at the exit port; and d) redepositing the treated matter into the container at the entry port together with untreated organic waste matter. According to the present invention, organic solid waste matter does not overflow the container. Accordingly, there is no need of post-treatment of organic solid waste matter.

Abstract: The household waste treatment requires neither incineration nor disposal in landfills. Two processing sub-systems, first one for combustibles and the other or second one for incombustibles, cooperate with each other as a single system for recycling the waste. The first sub-system deals with combustible waste to yield products for fertilizing and/or conditioning soil. In the process, what are inappropriate to the production of the soil fertilizing and/or conditioning products are sent to the second sub-system, which deals with incombustible waste. This sub-system sorts the incombustible waste materials into various kinds of recyclable products. Combustibles among the incombustible waste materials are sent to the first sub-system.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for composting organic material and maintaining composting conditions within preselected limits. Composting according to the method can occur within a sealable container. Adjusting the composition of the organic material to within preselected limits converts the organic material to a compostable mixture. The composition is adjusted by amending the organic material and by mixing the amended organic material with a bulking agent and an inoculant. Incubating forms a composting mixture from the compostable mixture. The method includes the steps of monitoring and adjusting conditions of the composting mixture to maintain the conditions within preselected limits. The conditions of the composting mixture are adjusted by aerating the composting mixture or remixing the composting mixture. The remixed composting mixture is incubated to yield composted organic material.

Abstract: A soil improver composition produced by digesting a mixture comprising leguminous plant material, igneous rock powder of particle size less than 350 microns, a biodegradable surfactant and water with composting microbes to produce said soil improver composition.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the treatment of aqueous effluents containing organic and inorganic matter and having a solids content of at most 12% by weight to provide a purified liquid phase and a solid organic fertilizer or organic soil improver. The process includes subjecting the effluent to one or more primary liquid/solid separation steps to obtain a liquid medium containing no more than 3% by weight of dry matter and having a turbidity of at most 300 NTU and a collection of concentrates containing in total 15% by weight dry matter. The liquid medium is subjected to ultra filtration or micro filtration to obtain an ultra filtrate or a micro filtrate containing at most 1% by weight dry matter and having a turbidity of at most 100 NTU. The ultra filtrate or micro filtrate is subjected to a reverse osmosis operation to obtain a concentrate and a permeate. The permeate constitutes a purified aqueous phase.

Abstract: A method of recycling organic wastes in which organic wastes such as garbage from households, restaurants are recycled and utilized as a pro-ferment for other organic wastes such as feces and urine of domestic animals, pruned branches, bush, and lawn, which are generated at parks, river terraces, roads, and the like to utilize them as compost. In the organic waste recycling method according to the present invention, a pro-ferment, which is obtained by mixing a medium with an organic waste, is mixed with another organic waste to accelerate fermentation of the latter organic waste and produce compost. In the above method, the medium may be composed of dried coffee refuse, one of wheat bran and coconut fiber, and a ferment bacillus.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition comprises an organic waste, an anti-bacterial agent, a wetting agent, an odor control agent and water.

Abstract: A waste material separating method and apparatus a number of sequential processes the separate paper, plastic, glass, wood, and metals from waste materials. Bulk materials are manually removed from conveyors. Screening machines separate fine from course materials. Fine organic materials are transported to a composting area or to a digester to generate gas used fuel to produce thermal energy. A shredder cuts the course materials which mixed and pressed into pellets.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for manufacturing barnyard manure using sewage and night-soil sludge for use in farmlands and flower gardens so as to prevent secondary contamination of the environment quickly, at a low cost, and with high efficiency.

Abstract: Embodiments of a coating composition and coating method for seeds are described, the coating including molybdenum and a sulfur-containing component and being for improving seed and seedling performance. The preferred molybdenum source is molybdenum trioxide, and the preferred sulfur source is gypsum. After planting, the seed coating provides protection for the seed during dry spells until moisture is received and seed growth is established. During the establishment period for legumes, the invented seed coating serves as a protective coat for the seed under adverse growing conditions, such as temperature and moisture extremes. Within a few days of emergence of legume seedlings, the invented coating stimulates and/or feeds the Rhizobium bacteria that is in place on the seed and speeds up formation of the Rhizobium, which fixes/feeds nitrogen to the plant. The coating and method may also include inoculation with Rhizobium, and, optionally, other nutrients, pesticides, or herbicides and a binder.

Abstract: Synthetic soil is created by blending processed or unprocessed incinerator ash, derived from solid waste or other materials, with either compostable materials or compostable materials derived therefrom. The blending of these materials results in residual biotech soil which can be used as a plant-growth medium; as cover material for such things as landfills, disturbed soil areas or mined-land reclamation; and as a medium to treat contaminated water.

Abstract: A scalable method for the production of highly purified plasmid DNA in Escherichia coli is described, which method includes growing plasmid-containing cells to a high biomass in exponential growth and lysing the cells by raising the pH of the culture to a carefully controlled pH value in which chromosomal DNA is denatured but plasmid DNA is reversibly renatured. The method has been developed for the production of pharmaceutical grade DNA for use in in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy.

Abstract: A compost curing and odor control system in which biofilters are disposed in overlying relation to the compost curing area the floors of both the biofilters and curing area consist of a series of elongated planks of generally trapezoidal cross sectional configuration placed in abutting relation with the longer parallel sides of the trapezoid lying in the plane of the floor and forming between them a narrow slit through which air is passed by means of an underlying air plenum in pneumatic communication.

Abstract: Controlling a fermentation plant working with a horizontal fermentor which operates per the regenerative flow process is particularly difficult, if there is a high proportion of dry substance. Biogenic decomposition in the fermentor was thus far influenced merely by recycling a portion of the ferment from the outlet to the fermentor entrance. According to the invention, the process of control is enhanced by the measurement of the pH and the dry substance portion at various points in the fermentor and controlling the fermentor on the basis of these measurements in such a way that the measurement data lie within certain established ranges. It is additionally possible, moreover, to adjust the pH and the portion of dry substance in the fermentor by the introduction of press water laden with methanobacteria from the ferment at inoculation points in the fermentor.

Abstract: A compost curing and odor control system in which biofilters are disposed in overlying relation to the compost curing area the floors of both the biofilters and curing area consist of a series of elongated planks of generally trapezoidal cross sectional configuration placed in abutting relation with the longer parallel sides of the trapezoid lying in the plane of the floor and forming between them a narrow slit through which air is passed by means of an underlying air plenum in pneumatic communication.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plant activator, a mycelial fertilizer, and a method of producing the fertilizer. The essential component of the activator and the fertilizer is purified pyrolignous acid. The plant activator includes 80-97 parts by weight of purified pyrolignous acid and 3-20 parts by weight of saccharide containing glucose. The mycelial fertilizer having purified pyrolignous acid includes predominant thermoactinomyces as mycelium. The mycelium is obtained by incubation and fermentation on a porous carrier while a pH of 7.5-9.5 is maintained. The plant activator revives plants weakened by stress. The mycelial fertilizer and method of producing that fertilizer includes predominant thermoactinomyces which beneficially affect farm products.

Abstract: Urine discharged from domestic animals is stored in a reservoir, filtered to separate solid and liquid components, and sent to one or more treating tanks. Various rocks and soil humus are added to the treatment tank, which is aerated to accelerately produce humus and to cause proliferation of soil microorganisms in the wastes. The rocks are added to serve as catalysts for the bioreactions. As a result, the soil microorganisms that contribute to humus production are markedly activated, and the liquid waste is quickly and efficiently detoxified and rendered odorless. The resultant aqueous solution contains high concentrations of activated soil microorganisms and their metabolic products which can be used as an agricultural material.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling methane fermentation of organic materials including a main fermentor, sensors associated with the main fermentor for measuring physical-chemical measurements of organic material in the main fermentor, a computer for processing the measurements by using a fermentation model. An additional computer transforms the data of fermentation model into data which affects the operation of the main fermentor. A device is also provided to enable small-scale experimentation in order to adjust the characteristic parameters of the fermentation model incorporated in the computer. The installation allows to maintain the fermentor in optimum biological conditions with a minimum of measurements.

Abstract: A mobile machine and process are provided for milling, mixing, wetting and re-forming an initial windrow of vertically layered ingredients used in the pre-wet cycle for producing mushroom compost. In performing these actions, an assembly of toothed drums, rotating in the same direction and arranged along an upwardly and forwardly projecting inclined plane, progressively mills the windrow across its cross-section longitudinally and propels the milled material upwardly and rearwardly so that it drops and mixes to form a vertically blended, transverse product. The product is preferably cross-mixed by auguring it transversely and depositing it at a transfer point, from whence it is elevated and delivered by a conveyor belt, to form a new windrow parallel or collinear with the initial windrow. Water is sprayed on the ingredients in the course of propelling auguring and elevating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plant activator, a mycelial fertilizer, and a method of producing the fertilizer. The essential component of the activator and the fertilizer is purified pyrolignous acid. The plant activator includes 80-97 parts by weight of purified pyrolignous acid and 3-20 parts by weight of saccharide containing glucose. The mycelial fertilizer having purified pyrolignous acid includes predominant thermoactinomyces as mycelium. The mycelium is obtained by incubation and fermentation on a porous carrier while a pH of 7.5-9.5 is maintained. The plant activator revives plants weakened by stress. The mycelial fertilizer and method of producing that fertilizer includes predominant thermoactinomyces which beneficially affect farm products.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the compostability of waste products (i.e., products which have been discarded after use such as diapers) containing one or more propylene polymer materials by exposure to high-energy ionizing radiation in an oxidizing atmosphere, such as air, to improve the rate of the biological degradation of the propylene polymer material(s). The irradiated waste product is then contacted with living microorganisms in the presence of sufficient moisture for their growth and of an oxygen-containing gas to produce a useful compost humus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mycelial fertilizer that is characterized in method, and the objects thereof are to provide a mycelial fertilizer wherein the mycelial fertilizer containing mainly thermactinomyces is carried on a specified carrier to contribute the metabolites of the thermoactinomyces and the decomposition products of the thermoactinomyces to the growth of plants as effective fertilizers in soil, and to provide a method of producing the mycelial fertilizer.

Abstract: To produce organic fertilizer which is effective for sterile agricultural land, a mixture comprising coral reef powder, domestic animal excreta, sewage disposal waste and ground cellulose derived from plant fiber is prepared and it is well mixed in the presence of organic compounds and inorganic salts. Thereafter, it is subjected to cultivating in a multi-bath type cultivating bath for a predetermined period of time while temperature and pH are adjusted properly. Cultivation is achieved with the addition of bacilli including nitrogen fixing bacillus such as Azotobactor vinelandii, Bacillus megaterum, Rhizobium leguminosarm or the like, Trichoderma virde acting as raw fiber decomposing bacillus, candida utilus acting as yeast fungus and green algae, each of which is cultivated under the operating condition of symbiosis cultivation. The pH in the cultivating bath is maintained in the range of 5.5 to 7.5, preferably in the range of 6 to 7.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for composting of organic matter. A ram advances the entire mass of organic matter within the composting chamber to create an evacuated space in the composting chamber, which evacuated space is of substantially greater volume than the volume of an incremental inlet space. The incremental inlet space is a space in the composting chamber defined by a projection of an inlet opening into the composting chamber. After the creation of the evacuated space, a new charge of organic matter is fed through the inlet opening. The ram then moves this new charge of organic matter into the evacuated space in the chamber to join the existing mass of organic matter already in the chamber. The ram also lightly compresses the new charge to a predetermined density or porosity. Typically, the extent of compressive force applied to the new charge is less than that required to move the entire mass of organic matter through the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of preparing artificial fertile soil from pulverized material such as sawdust or wood chips by the utilization of biological mass production techniques. In the steps for converting the pulverized woody material into fertile soil, four-footed livestock such as cattle are raised thereon, followed by the addition thereto of crushed animal carcass residues, the breeding of earthworms therein and, finally, the raising of domestic fowl such as chickens thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for composting a relatively large quantity of organic materials with a relatively small agitator adapted to travel in a zig-zag path in a generally rectangular heaping zone where the organic materials are piled in a layer.

Abstract: A method for the processing of fecal waste by treatment with mineral clay, characterized in that:A. a smectite clay, enriched with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, specific for the digestion of fecal waste, and with plant preparations which promote the increase of said microorganisms, and lime, is allowed to digest the fecal waste; andB. an acid phosphate is added to the fecal waste treated in this manner, after addition of the enriched smectite clay and shortly before use of the treated waste as a fertilizer.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method and installation for purifying waste. A tank (1) is fed with the waste and with a biological filter substrate, both of which are fermented within the tank. Pipes and ducts (17, 28) supply air to an upper aerobic fermentation region and to a lower aerobic fermentation region, and ducts (22) remove gaseous and liquid products from a middle anaerobic fermentation region.The fermentation products are removed by a sweeping worm (29) and sucked by a fan (43) through a separator (33) in which heavy particles fall out (through 40) but lighter ones are retained by the suction. The product is triturated (44) and may be dried (45, 46) and made into briquettes (51) for use as fuel.

Abstract: In a method of continuously composting material capable of being composted by the action of aerobic microorganisms in a reactor, the material is caused to pass through the reactor as a single mass from the top thereof to the bottom thereof from an upper level in said reactor, and in which oxygen-containing gas required for the aerobic decomposition of the compostable material is passed through said single mass in contact therewith. The waste gas from the composting process is removed from the reactor by suction through pipes which extend down into the mass to be composted from the upper level thereof, with the openings of said pipes lying on a level located beneath said upper level in said reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to deodorization of excrement by Lactobacillus strains in cultivation of said strains with S-, N- or C-compounds which are odoriferous components of said excrement and/or certain amino acids.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to toilets of the kind which incorporate a waste-receiving tank or chamber in which decomposition of waste material takes place. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the toilet includes an air-manifold assembly upon which waste material collects and which receives heated air for removing moisture from the waste material by evaporation, and perforate baffle means which define air spaces laterally of the mass of waste material, into which heated air can pass for improving efficiency of moisture evaporation. A fan unit is provided for circulating heated air through the air manifold assembly and is readily removable from externally of the toilet housing for facilitating servicing of the toilet.

Abstract: A compost-type toilet which includes: a solid-liquid separating means which also serves as a means for transferring the solid component of excrement mounted below the opening of a bowl; a means for treating the liquid component of excrement provided beneath the solid-liquid separating means. The liquid component treating means contains various kinds of adsorbent materials capable of adsorbing the liquid component separated by the above mentioned solid-liquid separating means and the inner structure is so constructed as to enhance the air ventilation to vaporize or volatilize the liquid component adsorbed with the adsorbent materials; a means for treating the solid component of excrement is provided in a position adjacent to the solid-liquid separating means in the transferring direction to the solid component separated by the above mentioned solid-liquid separating means.

Abstract: The production of a fertilizer from tree bark is improved by a process of the type wherein crushed waste bark is treated together with waste molasses under elevated pressure and at a temperature of 75.degree. to 140.degree. C. for a time of 10 min. to 2 hrs. said time being dependent on the treatment temperature, and wherein the improvement comprises adding of yeast to the waste molasses, and maintaining its temperature at 30.degree. to 40.degree. C. for 35 to 45 hours, whereby its pH value decreases to 3-4, before it is mixed with the ground waste bark.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treating wastewater such as sewage are disclosed. Designed principally for complete on-site wastewater treatment and disposal, the system separates wastewater into liquid wastes and solid wastes by filtration, treats the liquid wastes with ultraviolet radiation and disperses them into unsaturated ground. The solid wastes are periodically removed, along with used portions of the paper filter medium and delivered, in the case of sewage, to a composting area where the solids can be composted. A preferred embodiment includes the use of ultraviolet radiation having wavelengths effective both to destroy pathogens directly and to produce ozone from entrained air in the liquid filtrate, to react with pathogens to form stable compounds. An alternate embodiment of a wastewater delivery and filtration suction subsystem is disclosed, whereby filtration is made continuous and capacity is approximately doubled.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a high grade fertilizer from pressing residues obtained from wine and fruit juice production is disclosed wherein the residues are first stored under anaerobic conditions and are then loosely mixed with air to produce a mass which then undergoes intense aerobic degradation to produce heat, carbon dioxide, moisture and a finely divided high quality fertilizer. Apparatuses for carrying out this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process of treating an animal manure slurry susceptible to aerobic composting and anaerobic microbiological degradation with the production of a fuel gas, comprises: separating the slurry into a first, solids concentrated, fraction of relatively coarse particle size, and a second, solids dilute, fraction of relatively fine particle size; carrying out on the first fraction an aerobic composting reaction which is exothermic; carrying out on the second fraction an anaerobic microbiological reaction in which a fuel gas comprising methane is produced; and utilizing heat from the exothermic reaction to promote the fuel gas producing reaction.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to toilets of the kind which incorporate a waste-receiving tank or chamber in which decomposition of waste material takes place. According to one aspect of the invention, the toilet includes an air-manifold assembly upon which waste material collects and which receives heated air for removing moisture from the waste material by evaporation. Another aspect of the invention provides perforate baffle means in a waste material receiving chamber of the toilet which define air spaces laterally of the mass of waste material into which heated air can pass for improving efficiency of moisture evaporation. According to a still further aspect of the invention the toilet includes a fan unit which is readily removable from externally of the toilet housing for facilitating servicing of the toilet.

Abstract: A method of treating effluent sludge, which comprises coagulating sludge with mineral coagulants, thereafter subjecting the sludge to mechanical dehydration. The dehydrated sludge is dried to a moisture content of from 10 to 50 percent with the aid of a gaseous heat carrier having an initial temperature of from 600.degree. to 800.degree. C under backflow and air-gushing conditions. Dried sludge is introduced into the raw sludge at the coagulation stage at a rate so as to provide for a concentration of the resultant sludge mixture of from 50 to 120 g/lit.

Abstract: Cattle manure is mixed and batches are separately brought into the form of a coherent substantially homogeneous pulp with a moisture content between 50 and 55% by weight, by heating with exhaust gases, drying in an oven, admixing dry material, and spraying dry material with liquid manure recuperated from the waste materials. The pulp is chopped and immediately thereafter extruded to form frangible strands, sections of which are allowed to break off, without cutting, and to further break by dropping onto a conveyor. Breakage into pellets is completed, without the use of a conventional pelletizing drum involving compression of the pellets, in a vibrated fluidized bed where the pellets are superficially dried to a non-tacky state, drying being completed in further non-vibrated fluidized beds.