Abstract: Tables (FIGS. 11 and 12) for stipulating information (WWN: WorldWide Name) for primarily identifying computers, information (GID: Group ID) for identifying a group of the computers and a logical unit number (LUN) permitting access from the host computer inside storage subsystem, in accordance with arbitrary operation method by a user, and for giving them to host computer. The invention uses management table inside the storage subsystem and gives logical unit inside storage subsystem to host computer group arbitrarily grouped by a user in accordance with the desired form of operation of the user, can decide access approval/rejection to the logical unit inside the storage subsystem in the group unit and at the same time, can provide the security function capable of setting interface of connection in the group unit under single port of storage subsystem without changing existing processing, limitation and other functions of computer.

Abstract: A data storage system using compression to increase performance. The system has a hardware compression/decompression engine for performing data compression on a data block and performing data decompression of the data block. A controller is coupled to the hardware compression/decompression engine and is for storing compressed data of the data block in a primary region of a data storage device and is further for storing any overflow from the primary region in an overflow region of the data storage device. The overflow region is dedicated to the primary region. There may be a number of such primary regions and a number of such secondary regions, with the secondary regions mapped one-to-one to the primary regions.

Abstract: A system, method and program product for diagnosing, controlling and collecting information from devices. Information regarding events of each one of a plurality of target applications executing in an application unit is collected and formatted into one of multiple data formats for transmission through one of multiple communication protocols at the request of each of the target applications, through an interface. The event information for a particular target application is formatted and transmitted according to a combination of a data format and communication protocol requested by the target application. The transmission of data representing the event information is handled in at least two levels of software classes, with at least one abstract software class having a declared virtual function and two or more software classes derived from the at least one abstract class and having definitions of the function for communicating the event information through specified communication protocols.

Abstract: A content recording apparatus that writes, when a recording instruction is issued, into a first area of a recording medium predetermined information indicating a predetermined value, records into a plurality of partial areas sporadically distributing in a second area of the recording medium a content to which a plurality of markers are assigned in a predetermined manner, and after completing recording the content, writes into a third area of the recording medium link information indicative of a link state among partial areas in which the content is recorded, and updates a value indicated by the predetermined information written in the first area, includes: a predetermined information detector for detecting the latest predetermined information out of the predetermined information written in the first area when a driving power is input; an area detector for detecting from the second area partial areas in a non-link state based on the link information written in the third area when the predetermined information

Abstract: A system and method for accessing data stored on surfaces of discs in a disc drive utilizing more than one serpent per recording zone. The serpents are traversed using a defect descriptor table and one or more physical zone tables (PZTs). An Address Translation Logic Unit is configurable to use one or more PZTs to access multiple serpents per recording zone.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a virtual volume is divided into “filled” and “empty” virtual volume (VV) regions. Empty VV regions are mapped to a special zero logical disk that does not consist of any physical disk regions. When a host writes to an empty VV region, a logical disk (LD) region is allocated to the empty VV region so the formerly empty VV region becomes a filled VV region mapped to the allocated LD region. If there are no LD regions available, a new logical disk is created. Additional physical storage can be added to the storage server to create new logical disks as the use of the virtual volume grows. Physical allocation warning points and limits allow the system administrator to be alerted to and to control physical allocation for each individual VV and the set of VVs drawing from the same data allocation control structure (DC).

Abstract: An apparatus or method that tracks the identity of stripe units or group of stripe units from which data has been previously read by an application program running on a computer system. In one embodiment, the present invention stores the identity of previously read stripe units or groups of stripe units in a table. If the application program requests data of one of stripe unit or groups of stripe units whose identity is stored in the table, the requested data is regenerated from parity data and data of the stripe or stripes other than the requested data. This generated data is returned to the application program rather then the existing data stored in the stripe unit or groups of stripe units.

Abstract: A circuit for capturing data from a bus having a flip-flop register, comparison logic and clock logic. The comparison logic determines whether any bit on the bus has changed logic state. If a bit has changed state, the comparison logic asserts an enable signal which causes the clock logic to clock the register. Accordingly, data from the bus is not clocked through the register unless the data has actually changed state and the comparison logic itself determines whether different data is present on the bus.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method to recover a logical volume on a read-only physical volume, or data storage cartridge, within a dual copy data storage system, such as a virtual tape server (VTS) system. The recovery follows a disaster situation involving the primary physical volume and the requested logical volume. The system, apparatus, and method include modules and steps as required to recover a logical volume through recalling a selective dual copy of the logical volume stored on a secondary physical volume. The primary and secondary logical volumes are stored on distinct physical volumes in order to provide quality storage media management and reduce the likelihood of loss of data. The recovery and recall procedures are implemented in a manner that is substantially transparent and asynchronous to a host or client. Additionally, the recovery and recall require no additional input from the host in order to carry out the recovery of the logical volume.

Abstract: A method and structure for a system for managing logical blocks of storage is disclosed. An out-of-band mapping unit is adapted to process data requests from a host. The mapping unit includes a first table and a second table. An in-band virtualization engine is operatively connected to the out-of-band mapping unit. The first table is adapted to map to locations on a memory device. The second table is adapted to map to the in-band virtualization engine. The in-band virtualization engine is adapted to perform storage management functions and directly map to the locations on the memory device. The out-of-band mapping unit is adapted to be dynamically altered by the in-band virtualization engine to determine which of the first table and the second table is chosen.

Abstract: Various types of resources of the disk array device are divided for respective users and communications resources used in remote copying are appropriately assigned to the users so that functional interference between the split units is prevented and stable remote copying is realized. SLPRs which are dedicated regions for the respective users are set inside the disk array device 10. Each SLPR is constituted by dividing various types of resources of ports, cache memories, logical units and the like, and cannot be accessed by an unauthorized host computer 1. Furthermore, a manager of one of the SLPRs likewise cannot refer to or alter the constructions of the other SLPRs. During remote copying, the amount of transfer within the unit time is detected for each of the SLPRs. If the amount of transfer within the unit time exceeds the maximum amount of transfer, a response to the host computer 1 from this SLPR is deliberately delayed, so that the inflow of data from the host computer 1 is restricted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the number of storage units. Specifically, the present invention describes a method for creating a plurality of virtual logical units (LUN) of storage from a plurality of existing volumes of storage for access by a plurality of host applications via a virtualization layer. The virtual LUNs are created by partitioning the existing volumes into a plurality of slices. Each of the plurality of slices is then mapped to the plurality of virtual LUNs. Furthermore, each of the plurality of virtual LUNs is masked to each of the plurality of host applications to provide access control. The plurality of host applications are transparently interfaced to the existing volume while preserving the original configuration of internal operating code or intelligence for interfacing with the plurality of existing volumes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to shorten a transfer time when a virtual tape volume is used on another computer. A system A incorporating a virtual tape unit is connected to a system B at a remote place via a network. A virtual tape transfer processing unit of the present invention inputs and outputs a virtual tape volume of the system A between virtual tape management information and a virtual tape file. The virtual tape file is copied using a copy function between magnetic disk drives so as to be asynchronous to the systems. An input/output request conversion part allows a tape using task of the system B to use the virtual tape file as a magnetic tape file.

Abstract: A control apparatus and a method for controlling access to a memory in an integrated circuit for an electronic module is provided. The invention includes a memory which is split into a plurality of memory areas which contain data relating to the module. The invention also includes a password register which contains at least one password for the manufacturer of the module and at least one password for a user. An access control means stipulates certain conditions for at least one of the memory areas, such as the extent to which the memory area is readable or writeable, where at least one of the following conditions can be stipulated for portions of a memory area: a memory area is readable when the manufacturer password is input; a memory area is readable when the user password is input; a memory area is readable without a password; a memory area is writeable when the manufacturer password is input; a memory area is writeable when the user password is input; a memory area is writeable without a password.

Abstract: A storage subsystem that has detected the necessity of the data relocation determines whether the data relocation is possible or not from one storage unit to another within the particular storage subsystem. A virtualization device is notified in the case where the data relocation in the particular subsystem is impossible. The manager of the virtualization device gives an inquiry to the storage subsystems as to whether any one of them can become a relocation destination or not. A storage subsystem determines, based on the related information, whether the data relocation requested is possible or not within the particular storage subsystem. In the case where such a relocation is possible, the copying process is carried out for data relocation from one storage subsystem to another in compliance with an instruction from the virtualization device.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein provide a memory device and method for storing and reading a file system structure in a write-once memory array. In one preferred embodiment, a plurality of bits representing a file system structure is inverted and stored in a write-once memory array. When the inverted plurality of bits is read from the memory array, the bits are inverted to provide the file system structure bits in their original, non-inverted configuration. With this preferred embodiment, a file system structure can be updated to reflect data stored in the memory array after the file system structure was written. Other preferred embodiments are provided, and each of the preferred embodiments described herein can be used alone or in combination with one another.

Abstract: A data processing system is provided for storing and managing multiple data entries. The data processing system employs a data structure which allows the storage and management of a vast number of interrelated data entries the interrelations of which change over time. The data structure reflects such changing interrelations over time and allows the querying and extracting of data entries on the basis of their interrelations as they were or are defined at any desired point in time.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory includes a redundant RAM disposed independently of at least one regular RAM, the redundant RAM having redundant memory elements by which defective memory elements of the regular RAM can be replaced, and a control block for selecting either at least the regular RAM or the redundant RAM according to an address applied thereto, and for reading data from a memory cell of the selected RAM specified by the address. A plurality of regular RAMs can be disposed and the redundant RAM includes redundant memory elements by which defective memory elements of an arbitrary one of the plurality of regular RAMs can be replaced. The control block selects either one of the plurality of regular RAMs or the redundant RAM according to an address applied thereto, and reads data from a memory cell of the selected RAM specified by the address.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for virtually expanding the rapid-access memory space of a device employing time-critical software modules and having various modes of operation. Each of the modes of operation of the device is identified. For each mode of operation, the time-critical software modules used during the mode are identified. The software modules used during all modes of operation are permanently stored in rapid-access memory. However, a software module that is used only during a particular mode of operation is loaded into the rapid-access memory unit only upon entry into the mode of operation in which it is used. The software module is loaded into a region of memory occupied by another software module not utilized during the particular mode of operation being entered.

Abstract: A schedule-controlling unit selects a file whose remaining time for playback is the shortest among files to be restored and compares the remaining time for playback of the selected file with a reference time set in advance. When the remaining time for playback is longer than the reference time, the schedule-controlling unit again selects a file in which a distance parameter of a partition of unrestored data to be subsequently restored is the lowest among files to be restored. A restoring unit restores unrestored data of one partition of the file selected by the schedule-controlling unit.

Abstract: A direct access storage system includes at least one disk and a controller. The at least one disk physically may be partitioned into at least one first access performance partition and at least one other access performance partition. The controller may be configured to process I/O accesses to the first access performance partition without regulation and regulate I/O accesses to the at least one other access performance partition.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein provide a memory device and method for storing and reading data in a write-once memory array. In one preferred embodiment, a plurality of bits representing data is inverted and stored in a write-once memory array. When the inverted plurality of bits is read from the memory array, the bits are inverted to provide the data in its original, non-inverted configuration. By storing data bits in an inverted form, the initial, un-programmed digital state of the memory array is redefined as the alternative, programmed digital state. Other preferred embodiments are provided, and each of the preferred embodiments described herein can be used alone or in combination with one another. For example, the embodiments in which data bits are inverted can be used alone or in combination with the embodiments in which data is redirected.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for protecting processing elements from buffer overflow attacks are provided. The apparatus includes a memory stack for, upon execution of a jump to subroutine, storing a return address in a first location in a stack memory. A second location separate from the stack memory for storing an address of the first location and a third location separate from the stack memory for storing the return address itself are included. A first comparator upon completion of the subroutine, compares the address stored in the second location to the first location in the stack memory and a first interrupt generator provides an interrupt signal if locations are not the same. A second comparator looks at the return address stored in the third location and the return address stored in the first location in the stack memory and has a second interrupt generator for generating an interrupt signal if addresses are not the same.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for improving the efficiency of write operations by intelligently managing disk pages that are written during checkpoint operations so that write operations can occur with reduced numbers of writes. As write data is received and cached, for example, by a database application, disk pages are allocated to the write data. When a checkpoint operation is taken to write the data cache to disk as modifications or additions to the database file, an intelligent write management module re-assesses the disk page allocation and re-maps disk writes to improve the efficiency of disk input/output (I/O) operations. As such, significant improvements in the speed and efficiency of database operations during checkpoint events are achieved.

Abstract: Provided are a method, system and article of manufacture for return processing in storage pools. A plurality of physical volumes are allocated to a first storage pool. A determination is made whether the first storage pool has more than a threshold number of empty physical volumes. If the first storage pool has more than the threshold number of empty physical volumes, then at least one empty physical volume is returned to a second storage pool.

Abstract: A system and method for guaranteeing overwrite of expired data in a media device, the data being organized according to logical units provided on media devices organized as physical volumes. The method comprises the steps of: maintaining information associated with a status of a physical volume, and updating a physical volume's status information based upon a combination of that volume's prior status and that volume's current status; specifying a time duration that expired logical unit data may remain on a physical volume; based upon the volume's updated status information, determining whether a selected volume has expired data longer than the specified time duration; and, overwriting contents of the volume having data that has expired longer than the specified time duration.

Abstract: A disc drive has transducers supported by an actuator to fly proximate data tracks on surfaces of rotating information storage discs. Each of the discs is partitioned into concentric regions. A control system arranges the deposition of data in write operations to the tracks on the disc surfaces, as data is written to the discs, such that the data is sequentially organized both on the tracks and within each of the regions. The control system writes data from a track adjacent a first region boundary in a first direction to a second region boundary until all tracks in a region are full. The control system executes a head switch between adjacent surfaces of the discs. The write sequence is repeated in each adjacent region until all regions are full. The resulting trapezoidal serpentine pattern of actuator movement and head switches is repeated until all of the write operations are complete.

Abstract: A hybrid-type storage system having both SAN and NAS interfaces can be implemented by simple hardware capable of carrying out a SAN function independently of a NAS function and a NAS load. To be more specific, a controller of the storage system comprises a NAS controller for accepting an I/O command issued for a file unit and a SAN controller for accepting an I/O command issued for a block unit. The NAS controller converts an I/O command issued for a file unit into an I/O command issued for a block unit, and transfers the I/O command issued for a block unit to the SAN controller. The SAN controller makes an access to data stored in a disk apparatus in accordance with an I/O command received from the SAN or from the NAS controller as a command issued for a block unit. The NAS and SAN controllers are capable of operating independently of each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system, method, and program for transferring data. Whether data is being transferred to physical volumes in peak mode is identified. If the data is being transferred in peak mode, whether a large chain of data is available for transfer to physical volumes is determined. If the large chain of data is not available, whether a small chain of data is available for transfer to physical volumes is determined. If the small chain of data is available, the small chain of data is transferred to physical volumes. Additionally, if one or more files that have ages greater than a steady state age threshold are available, the one or more files are transferred to the one or more physical volumes. If one or more files that have ages greater than a peak age threshold are available, the one or more files are transferred to the one or more physical volumes.

Abstract: In a cluster-structured disk subsystem, when creating a volume for an online backup separately from a volume for a normal I/O, it is desirable to be able to achieve such a creation for any volume under subsystem. Further, with an increase in the capacity of the subsystem, it becomes more difficult for a user to determine where to place a volume to which data is to be copied. Thus, a cluster-structured storage system is provided in which it is possible to reference/renew snapshot control information in shared memory of other clusters and achieve a snapshot between clusters via an inter-cluster connecting mechanism. In this system, control is performed inside/outside the cluster, and a control is performed inside/outside the cluster, and a volume to which data is to be copied is suggested to the user.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating access to a storage area network (SAN) is disclosed in which a password is retrieved from a first copy of a password table in response to an access (login) request, the first copy of the password table residing on a switch and corresponding to a switch port. The password is used to retrieve a response from the first copy of the password table. The response is encrypted according to a first copy of an encryption key stored on the switch. The encrypted password is then sent to the node requesting access to the SAN, where it is decrypted according to a second copy of the encryption key residing on the node. The decrypted password is used to retrieve a response from a second copy of the password table residing on the node. The response is encrypted according to the second copy of the encryption key and sent back to the switch port. The response received from the node is then compared with the response determined from the first copy of the password table.

Abstract: This invention relates to a disk array controller. There has been demand for a large scale memory device system operable without interruption. Further, in order to cope with the recent trend toward open systems, scalability of performance and capacity in such systems is needed. Conventionally, internal buses such as ones which connect the channel interface section to the shared memory section, and the disk interface section to the shared memory section, have been mounted on one platter, and the channel interface and other packages have been mounted thereon. If the internal buses have failed, the operation of the whole system must be stopped. There has been another problem that the performance of the internal buses is fixed.

Abstract: A software driven method for recording data to optical media is provided. Embodiments include a software-driven method for writing multi-session optical media that is compliant with UDF Revision 1.02 standards and specifications. An optical media with one or more sessions recorded to the media space is received for recording a subsequent session. The start of the first partition space in a first session is located and a sector is determined for the start of the subsequent session. Data is prepared for recording to the subsequent session, and the partition space of the subsequent session is defined to start at the sector of the start of the first partition space in the first session on the optical media. File identification and file entry structures are imported into the subsequent session, and the subsequent session is written in compliance with UDF Revision 1.02, and providing access to all user data recorded to the multi-session optical media space.

Abstract: A disk control device of the present invention comprises a plurality of disk control units. Each disk control unit includes: at least one channel controller having an interface to a host computer; at least one disk controller having an interface to a disk device; and an internal coupling for connecting the channel controller, the disk controller, and a cache memory for temporarily storing data to be written to or read from the disk device. The disk control device further comprises: a first coupling unit for connecting the internal coupling of each disk control unit to read or write data within the disk control device; and a second coupling unit for connecting the internal coupling of each disk control unit to transfer data between a plurality of the disk control devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficiently executing a read request issued from a host computer when write requests are cached in a cache memory.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for allocating a pool of global memory among a set of client/servers so that storage volumes associated with a plurality of client/servers are each allocated a portion of the pool of global memory for caching of data from that volume. The amount of memory to be used for caching the volume's input/output operations (I/Os), the page size, the cache type, the cache replacement policy and the maximum cache read can be specified by volume. The amount of memory to be used for caching the volume's input/output operations, the cache type, the cache replacement policy and the maximum cache read I/O size can be changed dynamically by the changing volume-based attributes.

Abstract: The storage system is configured to expand from small to large configurations at a reasonable cost with performance decided approximately to a target system scale. The storage system has a plurality of protocol transformation units, each used for transforming a protocol to be exchanged with the server or disk drives, and a plurality of data caching control units, each having a cache memory unit for storing data and a function for controlling the cache memory unit. The plurality of data cashing control units are divided into a plurality of control clusters while the cache memory unit is controlled only in its corresponding control cluster independently and the system management unit is connected to an interconnection, such that the system management unit manages the plurality of protocol transformation units and the plurality of control clusters are managed integrally as one system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that moves data stored in a first (e.g., 512) byte sector format to a second (e.g., 52x) byte sector size. The method and apparatus performs data migration without interruption of the host's ability to write and read data from the system. By migrating data to a number of new drives added to the system drive, the additional data which will be stored may be accommodated. The added drives allow the migration to take place without interruption of the hosts I/O path or allows the data to be migrated to an entirely new set of physical drives. The present invention also provides the ability to migrate data between sector sizes and still protect against component failures. The migration is performed in such a way that if a controller fails while performing the migration the survivor controller will be able to pick up where the failed controller left off.

Abstract: A disk array system of the type that each controller has an independent and dedicated cache. The disk array system can change control of a desired volume between desired controllers without suspending the system. When volumes are taken over between controllers, a switch-source controller de-stages data of a subject volume on the data cache to a storage subject disk to maintain the disk content reflection (coherency). Even if each controller has an independent and dedicated cache, a desired volume can be taken over between desired controllers without suspending the system. Each controller has a configuration manager which stores the controller number of a switch-destination controller to allow automatic volume take-over and automatic control by the original controller.

Abstract: A co-processor (also called “memory co-processor”) provides an interface to a memory, by executing instructions on data held in the memory. The co-processor uses a specified address to fetch data from memory, performs a specified instruction (such as incrementing a counter or policing) on the data to obtain modified data, and writes the modified data back to memory at the same address. Depending on the embodiment, the memory co-processor may include a first buffer for holding instructions that may be received back to back, in successive clock cycles. Instead of or in addition to the first buffer, the memory co-processor may include a second buffer for holding data to be written to memory back to back, in successive clock cycles. In some embodiments, the memory co-processor also receives (and maintains in local storage) the identity of a task that generates the specified instruction, so that the same cask may be awakened after the instruction has been executed.

Abstract: A converter is utilized with at least one implicit addressing sequential media device to simulate explicit addressing sequential media device performance from the perspective of host applications. Responsive to receiving explicit addressing read/write commands from the host application, the converter converts the explicit addressing read/write commands into implicit addressing read/write commands and passes the implicit addressing read/write commands through to the device. Optionally, responsive to device capability queries from a host application, the converter reports that the device utilizes explicit addressing. As another option, responsive to receiving commands other than explicit addressing read/write commands from the application host, the converter examines the commands to monitor sequential media address, and relays the commands to the device substantially free of any modification.

Abstract: Real time disk activity data for a disk drive is displayed on a multi-element display in which each display element corresponds to a respective address range or “activity bin” of the disk drive. When an access to the disk drive occurs, the display element associated with the corresponding address is illuminated, with the color of the illuminated element preferably indicating the type of the access (e.g., read versus write). The display thus spatially indicates the type of disk activity occurring. For example, a user can readily determine that a disk drive is being accessed sequentially by identifying that the display elements are being illuminated in sequence over time. In addition, the user can, in many cases, evaluate the operation of an array of disk drives by viewing and comparing the illumination patterns of the associated multi-element displays. For example, a user can easily confirm that one drive in mirroring another drive by verifying that their illumination patterns are synchronized.

Abstract: A method to access an object in a computer system storage includes receiving a reference to the object, obtaining a referential map based on the reference (the referential map indicating a plurality of logical storage locations), each logical storage location associated with a portion of the object, and obtaining a physical map that is independent of the referential map from one of the logical storage locations indicated in the referential map, the physical map indicating a physical storage location of at least a part of that portion of the object being accessed. Computer storage systems providing distributed storage in accordance with this method and methods storage media having instructions to perform the method are also described.

Abstract: A move engine and operating system transparently reconfigure physical memory to accomplish addition, subtraction, or replacement of a memory module. The operating system stores FROM and TO real addresses in unique fields in memory that are used to virtualize the physical address of the memory module being reconfigured and provide the reconfiguration in real-time through the use of hardware functionality and not software. Using the FROM and TO real addresses to select a source and a target, the move engine copies the contents of the memory module to be removed or reconfigured into the remaining or inserted memory module. Then, the real address associated with the reconfigured memory module is re-assigned to the memory module receiving the copied contents, thereby creating a virtualized physical mapping from the addressable real address space being utilized by the operating system into a virtual physical address space. During the process of moving the memory contents, the operating system stalls.

Abstract: A host computer requests a storage device to perform a data transfer operation using information about the data transfer source/destination regions as a parameter. The storage device internally transfers data from a source disk device to a destination disk device. When the transfer of the data is completed, the storage device notifies the host computer that the operation has been completed. The host computer receives the notification and updates the storage location of the data to the destination region.

Abstract: A data storage device array includes a number of data storage devices. Each of the disc drives is operable to spin-up its spindle motor in response to the successful communication of predetermined out-of-band (OOB) signals. By selectively causing the communication of the predetermined OOB signals to the data storage devices, the selective spin-up of the data storage devices may be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for managing memory in a network switch, wherein the memory includes the steps of providing a memory, wherein the memory includes a plurality of memory locations configured to store data therein and providing a memory address pool having a plurality of available memory addresses arranged therein, wherein each of the plurality of memory addresses corresponds to a specific memory location. The method further includes the steps of providing a memory address pointer, wherein the memory address pointer indicates a next available memory address in the memory address pool, and reading available memory addresses from the memory address pool using a last in first out operation. The method also includes writing released memory addresses into the memory address pool, adjusting a position of the memory address pointer upon a read or a write operation from the memory address pool.

Abstract: A controller refers to an address translation table and searches for the logical address of a valid logical block used by a host computer. Then, the controller reads from a disk array only a physical stripe that includes the physical block of a physical address corresponding to the valid logical address. Based on the read physical stripe, the controller restores data of a failing disk drive and writes the restored data in a spare disk drive that is used in place of the failing disk drive.

Abstract: Methods for the processing of data files to be recorded on an optical disc are provided. In one example, a method includes the operations of examining a set of files selected to be recorded on an optical disc and then creating a record data structure for each file to be recorded. The files are sequenced in the order in which they will be written to the optical disc by use of pointers to the record data structures. The record data structures are then processed in the writing order creating an ordering data structure for each data file. The ordering data structures are processed to write the set of files onto the optical disc in the writing order. In another example, a computer readable media is provided having program instructions for recording data onto an optical disc.

Abstract: A hybrid LUN copy operation that ultimately produces a full LUN copy, but involves a transient snapshot-copy-like intermediate stage. In one embodiment, a statically pre-allocated copy LUN is initialized with references pointing back to the primary LUN. Over time, the sectors, blocks, or other data-storage units of the primary LUN are copied to the copy LUN, so that, in the end, a full copy LUN in completed. In a second, alternative embodiment, both the primary LUN and copy LUN are READ and WRITE accessible immediately following the nearly instantaneous initialization of the copy LUN. In both embodiments, the copy LUN may be statically allocated. The immediate-full-LUN-copy operations provided by the present invention further enable rotatable copy-LUN groups, each copy LUN within a copy-LUN group representing a full, robust copy LUN.