Abstract: A controller may include a memory configured to store a map update list in which information of map segments whose mapping information is to be updated is registered The controller may also include an unmap module. The unmap module may, in response to receiving an unmap command, generate a list information bitmap indicating map segments which are already registered in the map update list, check, using the generate list information bitmap, whether one or more unmap target map segments corresponding to the unmap command overlap the map segments registered in the map update list, using the generate list information bitmap, and selectively register the one or more unmap target map segments into the map update list according to the check result.

Abstract: Examples provide a method of communication between a client application and a filesystem server in a virtualized computing system. The client application executes in a virtual machine (VM) and the filesystem server executes in a hypervisor.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for mechanisms for securing virtual machines in a computer system. A method of the disclosure includes: receiving a first resource request initiated by an application running on a virtual machine during initialization of the application; allocating, by a hypervisor, a resource to the application in view of the first resource; and in response to receiving a message indicating completion of the initialization of the application, blocking, by the hypervisor, at least one hypercall initiated by the virtual machine. The completion of the initialization of the application may correspond to initiation of execution of the application using the allocated resource.

Abstract: A virtual disk file, represented by a virtual disk that is offline, is scanned to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being an MBR or GPT partitioned disk type. A disk signature is obtained for the MBR partitioned disk. A volume GUID is obtained for the GPT partitioned disk. Partitions on the virtual disk are identified. A system registry hive file is located. The system registry hive file is read to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter. A correlation is performed of the disk signature or volume GUID against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter. Based on the correlation, the drive letter is mapped to an identified partition.

Abstract: A computer system includes a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) data cache and a processor. The TLB data cache includes a hierarchical configuration comprising a first TLB array, a second TLB array, a third TLB array, and a fourth TLB array. The processor is configured to receive a first address for translation to a second address, and determine whether translation should be performed using a hierarchical page table or a hashed page table. The processor also determines (using a first portion of the first address) whether the first array stores a mapping of the first portion of the first address in response to determining that the translation should be performed using the hashed page table, and retrieving the second address from the third TLB array or the fourth TLB array in response to determining that the first TLB array stores the mapping of the first portion of the first address.

Abstract: There is provided a method and system with an improved bitmap access control method of file virtualization for large files in sandbox. The process divides a large file to pieces clusters by fixed byte counts, building a mapping relationship between logical view of sandboxed file and physical shadow file on disk. Thus, there is no need to copy an entire file when a file is modified and waste the user's disk storage.

Abstract: Availability against hardware failure and availability against maintenance are implemented without using dedicated systems. A system is provided, including: a first host computer to execute a first virtual machine for running a first application; and a second host computer to execute a second virtual machine for running a second application, wherein in a redundant operation mode, the second host computer mirrors an executable image of the first virtual machine to an executable image of the second virtual machine while stopping the execution of the second virtual machine, and in a multi-operation mode, the second host computer mirrors an internal state of the first application to an internal state of the second application while executing the second virtual machine in parallel with the first virtual machine.

Abstract: Instead of transferring a large original file, such as a virtual-machine image file, from a source system to a target system, the original file is encoded to define a recipe file that is transferred. The recipe is then decoded to yield a duplicate of the original file on the target system. Encoding involves identifying standard blocks in the original file and including standard-block identifiers for the standard blocks in the recipe in lieu of the original blocks. Decoding involves an exchange with a standard-block identifier server system, which provides standard blocks in response to received standard-block identifiers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for memory allocation and reallocation in networking stack infrastructures. Unlike prior art monolithic networking stacks, the exemplary networking stack architecture described hereinafter includes various components that span multiple domains (both in-kernel, and non-kernel). For example, unlike traditional “socket” based communication, disclosed embodiments can transfer data directly between the kernel and user space domains. A user space networking stack is disclosed that enables extensible, cross-platform-capable, user space control of the networking protocol stack functionality. The user space networking stack facilitates tighter integration between the protocol layers (including TLS) and the application or daemon. Exemplary systems can support multiple networking protocol stack instances (including an in-kernel traditional network stack). Due to this disclosed architecture, physical memory allocations (and deallocations) may be more flexibly implemented.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for configuring a DCN migrated from a first host computer at a first site of multiple sites spanned by a logical network to a second host computer at a second site. At the second host, the method receives, from the first host, data for configuring the DCN and implementing the logical network on the second site. The data includes (i) data particular to the first site and (ii) a global identifier for a logical port to which the DCN attaches. The method provides the global identifier to a local logical network manager, which uses the global identifier to retrieve data regarding the logical port from a global network manager that manages the logical network across the sites. Based on data retrieved from the global network manager, the method modifies the data particular to the first site into data particular to the second site.

Abstract: An orchestrator process can efficiently distribute images of virtual network functions (“VNFs”) in a telco network. The images can be accompanied by metadata that describes VNF requirements, such as computing requirements and functional characteristics. Based on the image metadata and location of a virtual infrastructure manager (“VIM”), the orchestrator can select a storage location and deploy the image to the storage location. The VIM can instantiate a corresponding VNF by retrieving the image. The orchestrator can track the storage location and cause the VIM to delete the image if the image is not used for a threshold period of time.

Abstract: Techniques for ensuring sufficient available storage capacity for data resynchronization or data reconstruction in a cluster of a hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) deployment are provided. In one set of embodiments, a computer system can receive a request to provision or reconfigure an object on the cluster. The computer system can further calculate one or more storage capacity reservations for one or more host systems in the cluster, where the one or more storage capacity reservations indicate one or more amounts of local storage capacity to reserve on the one or more host systems respectively in order to ensure successful data resynchronization or data reconstruction in the case of a host system failure or maintenance event. If placement of the object on the cluster will result in a conflict with the one or more storage capacity reservations, the computer system can deny the request to provision or reconfigure the object.

Abstract: A management apparatus and management method capable of enhancing reliability and safety of the entire system are proposed. When any one of virtual machine no longer satisfies its performance requirement, a business computer notifies a management apparatus of an alert; a priority representing a priority level when switching a logical path is set to each virtual machine; and when the management apparatus is notified by the business computer of the alert, the management apparatus determines a combination pattern, which satisfies performance requirements for all the virtual machines and satisfies a requirement for the priority that is set to each virtual machine, and issues an instruction to the corresponding business computer and/or a storage apparatus so that a combination pattern of each logical path from each virtual machine to a logical volume allocated to that virtual machine will become the determined combination pattern.

Abstract: A Set Table of Contents (TOC) Register instruction. An instruction to provide a pointer to a reference data structure, such as a TOC, is obtained by a processor and executed. The executing includes determining a value for the pointer to the reference data structure, and storing the value in a location (e.g., a register) specified by the instruction.

Abstract: Initializing a data structure for use in predicting table of contents (TOC) pointer values. A request to load a module is obtained. Based on the loaded module, a pointer value for a reference data structure is determined. The pointer value is stored in a reference data structure tracking structure, and used to access a variable value for a variable of the module.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing a distributed file storage system that permits containerized applications running in distinct container hosts to read/write to the same storage volume. In one embodiment, a file sharing volume service is configured to use a container orchestrator to start a respective file server for each shared storage volume mounted for use by user-level containerized application(s). The file sharing volume service further manages the file server by creating and updating a metadata entry that specifies (1) a count of a number of times the shared storage volume has been mounted for use, and (2) a port number exposed for use in mounting path(s) to access the shared storage volume. Upon receiving a request to run a containerized application with the shared storage volume, the file sharing volume service updates the metadata entry to increase the count, and retrieves and uses the port number to mount path(s) for accessing the shared storage volume.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods related to managing regions of memory are described. Managing regions can include verifying whether an access command is authorized to access a particular region of a memory array, which may have some regions that have rules or restrictions governing access (e.g., so-called “protected regions”). The authorization can be verified utilizing a key and a memory address corresponding to the access command. If an access command is authorized to access a region, then a row of the memory array corresponding to the access command can be activated. If an access command is not authorized to access the region, then a row of the memory array corresponding to the access command may not be activated.

Abstract: A method, an information handling system (IHS), and a host group generating system for collecting information about host groups in a cluster of IHSs using a management controller. The method includes retrieving, from a controller memory, first target physical hosts that are part of a virtual machine manager (VMM) host group, but not on a VMM host list and retrieving second target physical hosts that are part of the VMM host list, but not part of the VMM host group. The method further includes transmitting, to each of the first target physical hosts, a request to detach from the VMM host group. The method further includes transmitting, to each of the second target physical hosts, a request to attach to the VMM host group.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for performing data processing operations. The apparatus has processing circuitry for performing data processing operations configured to operate in a normal mode and a memory region management mode. A memory is used to store data accessed by the processing circuitry when performing the data processing operations. A memory region table is provided to define accessibility control information for each of a number of memory regions within the memory. An access control mechanism controls access to the memory in response to an access request issued by the processing circuitry, and a memory protection unit providing a bypass indication for one or more memory regions is referenced by the access control mechanism when the processing circuitry is in the memory region management mode.

Abstract: In an example, a method can include determining, at a first inter-partition messenger, a message type for a message generated by a first application. The first inter-partition messenger and the first application can reside on a first virtual machine. The method can include identifying, at the first inter-partition messenger, a second application that is to receive the message based on the message type and message subscription data, generating, at the first inter-partition messenger, message routing data for routing of the message from the first virtual machine to the second virtual machine, causing, at the first inter-partition messenger, the message to be routed from the first virtual machine to the second virtual machine based on the message routing data, and receiving, at the second inter-partition messenger, the message for use thereof by the second application. The second inter-partition messenger and the second application can reside on the second virtual machine.

Abstract: A method includes disabling, by a hypervisor executed by a processing device of a source host system, host system access of a device associated with a virtual machine, wherein disabling the host system access prevents the virtual machine from directly accessing guest memory via the device and prevents the device from causing an interrupt. The method further includes migrating the guest memory associated with the virtual machine from the source host system to a destination host system. Upon migrating the guest memory associated with the virtual machine from the source host system to the destination host system, initiation of the virtual machine is caused on the destination host system.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for optimally allocating objects in a virtual machine environment implemented on a NUMA computer system. The method includes: obtaining a node identifier; storing the node identifier in a thread; obtaining an object identifier of a lock-target object from a lock thread; writing a lock node identifier into the lock-target object; traversing an object reference graph where the object reference graph contains an object as a graph node, a reference from the first object to a second object as an edge, and a stack allocated to a thread as the root node; determining whether a move-target object contains the lock node identifier; moving the move-target object to a subarea allocated to a lock node if it contains the lock node identifier, and moving the move-target object to the destination of the current traversal target object if the lock node identifier is not found.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture for governance of virtual computing infrastructure resources are disclosed. An example cloud management system includes a plurality of hosts. The hosts are to manage requests and allocate resources through one or more virtual machines. The example system also includes an administrator to configure the plurality of hosts to accommodate resource provisioning requests by assigning a constraint and a skill to the hosts to define a placement of the hosts. The placement of a respective host is to dictate an availability of the host for provisioning.

Abstract: A data storage method and a physical server are provided. M virtual machines are deployed on a plurality of physical servers. The M virtual machines are respectively deployed as M data nodes in a distributed storage system. A metadata node in the distributed storage system receives a data storage request of a client, and determines identifiers of N virtual machines from the M virtual machines based on stored grouping information. The grouping information records a mapping relationship between a plurality of anti-affinity groups and identifiers of the M virtual machines.

Abstract: Techniques for providing redundancy between physical and virtual entities in a hyper-converged infrastructure are disclosed. In one example, a management node may include a physical to virtual redundancy module to identify a physical entity with configuration data in a hyper-converged infrastructure as a primary entity, determine an equivalent virtual entity corresponding to the physical entity, and deploy the equivalent virtual entity in a compute node of the hyper-converged infrastructure. Further, the physical to virtual redundancy module may apply the configuration data associated with the physical entity to the deployed equivalent virtual entity and designate the equivalent virtual entity as a fail-over entity to provide redundancy in an event of failure of the physical entity.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an apparatus. The apparatus includes a linear address space, metadata logic and enhanced address space layout randomization (ASLR) logic. The linear address space includes a metadata data structure. The metadata logic is to generate a metadata value. The enhanced ASLR logic is to combine the metadata value and a linear address into an address pointer and to store the metadata value to the metadata data structure at a location pointed to by a least a portion of the linear address. The address pointer corresponds to an apparent address in an enhanced address space. A size of the enhanced address space is greater than a size of the linear address space.

Abstract: A hypervisor deduplcation system includes a memory, a processor in communication with the memory, and a hypervisor executing on the processor. The hypervisor is configured to scan a first page, detect that the first page is an unchanged page, check a first free page hint, and insert the unchanged page into a tree. Responsive to inserting the unchanged page into the tree, the hypervisor compares the unchanged page to other pages in the tree and determine a status of the unchanged page as matching one of the other pages or mismatching the other pages in the tree. Responsive to determining the status of the page as matching another page, the hypervisor deduplicates the unchanged page. Additionally, the hypervisor is configured to scan a second page of the memory, check a second free page hint, deduplicate the second page if the free page hint indicates the page is unused.

Abstract: A multi-hypervisor system, comprising: a plurality of hypervisors comprising a first hypervisor and a second hypervisor, at least one of the plurality of hypervisors being a transient hypervisor; and at least one Span VM, concurrently executing on each of the plurality of hypervisors, the at least one transient hypervisor being adapted to be dynamically at least one of injected and removed under the at least one Span VM concurrently with execution of the at least one Span VM on another hypervisor, wherein the at least one Span VM has a single and consistent at least one of memory space, virtual CPU state, and set of input/output resources, shared by the plurality of hypervisors.

Abstract: A method of GPU virtualization comprises allocating each virtual machine (or operating system running on a VM) an identifier by the hypervisor and then this identifier is used to tag every transaction deriving from a GPU workload operating within a given VM context (i.e. every GPU transaction on the system bus which interconnects the CPU, GPU and other peripherals). Additionally, dedicated portions of a memory resource (which may be GPU registers or RAM) are provided for each VM and whilst each VM can only see their allocated portion of the memory, a microprocessor within the GPU can see all of the memory. Access control is achieved using root memory management units which are configured by the hypervisor and which map guest physical addresses to actual memory addresses based on the identifier associated with the transaction.

Abstract: A virtual machine migration system that includes an initiator host that provides a virtual machine and receives an instruction to migrate the virtual machine to the target host. The initiator host moves, while the virtual machine is operating on the initiator host, virtual machine data for the virtual machine from a local memory area in a local memory system to a memory fabric memory area in a memory fabric memory system. A first portion of the virtual machine data in the local memory area and a second portion of the virtual machine data in the memory fabric memory area are accessible to the virtual machine and the initiator host during the movement of the virtual machine data. The initiator host stops, in response to all the virtual machine data being moved to the memory fabric memory area, operation of the virtual machine on the initiator host.

Abstract: Dynamic distribution of memory, including identifying memory modules; creating a system physical address (SPA) of the memory modules; assigning, for each virtual machine (VM), a respective section of the SPA to the VM; calculating, for each VM, portions of the respective section of the SPA for the VM that is being used by the VM and that is not being used by the VM; identifying a physical failure of a particular memory module; in response to identifying the physical failure: identifying a particular VM assigned to the section of the SPA associated with the particular memory module that has physically failed; accumulating, for each other VM, the unused portions of the respective SPA for the VM; marking, for each other VM, the unused portion of the SPA for the VM as read-only for the VM; and reassigning a portion of the unused portions of the SPA to the particular VM.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as indexes to a multi-dimensional graph. A field or portion of a field can represent a location along an axis. When combined together, the fields can represent a point in n-space, where n is the number of axes. In some embodiments, a nearest neighbor calculation can be sufficient along an axis. Therefore, a point in n-space defined by the fields can be translated along an axis until a nearest neighbor entry is determined. When the entry is determined, the entry can be accessed to determine a correct response to the translation request.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatically generating a boot sequence. A multiple virtual machine computing environment is analyzed to generate a boot sequence that is used during a recovery operation. The boot sequence may be based on applications and application types running on the virtual machines, a network configuration and network traffic, and on manual boots of virtual machines. The boot sequence prioritizes the order in which the virtual machines are booted in the recovery site.

Abstract: A tag-based policy architecture enforces information technology (IT) policy in a virtualized computing environment using cryptographically-verifiable metadata to authenticate compute resources coupled to a computer network and to authorize access to protected resources of the network. The compute resources are illustratively virtual machine instances (VMIs) provided by a virtual data center (VDC) of the environment, whereas the protected resources are illustratively virtualized storage, network and/or other compute resources of the VDC. Each VMI includes an intermediary manager, e.g., metavisor. The tag-based policy architecture includes an infrastructure having a centralized policy decision end point (e.g., a control plane of the VDC) and distributed policy enforcement endpoints (e.g.

Abstract: Methods, software, and apparatus for application transparent, high available GPU computing with VM checkpointing. The guest access of certain GPU resources, such as MMIO resources, are trapped to keep a copy of guest context per semantics, and/or emulate the guest access of the resources prior to submission to the GPU, while other commands relating to certain graphics memory address regions are trapped before being passed through to the GPU. The trapped commands are scanned before submission to predict: a) potential to-be-dirtied graphics memory pages, and b) the execution time of intercepted commands, so the next checkpointing can be aligned to a predicted execution time. The GPU internal states are drained by flushing internal context/tlb/cache, at the completion of submitted commands, and then a snapshot of the vGPU state is taken, based on tracked GPU state, GPU context (through GPU-specific commands), detected dirty graphics memory pages and predicted to-be dirtied graphics memory pages.

Abstract: A storage apparatus includes: a plurality of controllers, each of which has a plurality of processors for processing requests; a storage device coupled to the controller; an integration unit that integrally controls the plurality of controllers; and a shared memory that can be accessed from each processor for the plurality of controllers and stores configuration information of the storage apparatus including load information of each processor. The integration unit: calculates estimated processing time of a configuration management request, which has been accepted from a management apparatus, from a request type and a target resource type of the configuration management request; and distributes the configuration management request to a plurality of distribution requests on the basis of the load information of each processor acquired from the shared memory and the estimated processing time, determines a distribution destination processor for processing each of the plurality of distribution requests.

Abstract: An operation of a VM running first and second VM components is suspended so that a servicing operation for the VM can be performed. The VM has devices directly attached to it. A state of the first VM components is saved. An identification pointer for the second VM components is saved in a portion of the computing system physical memory without removing any underlying data structures of second VM components from computing system physical hardware. The directly attached devices remain configured as attached to the VM and remain configured to communicate with the VM while the VM is suspended and while the servicing operation is performed. The first VM components are shut down and then restored at the completion of the servicing operation using the saved state. The restored first VM components are reconnected to the second VM components using the identification pointers. The operation of the VM is restored.

Abstract: A memory management method, system, and computer program product include receiving a request to allocate a block of memory including a first portion to be accessed by a first software component executing on a first computer and second portion to be accessed by a second software component executing on a second computer, allocating the block of memory and additional bytes including a first identifier of the first portion, a first status indicator associated with the first portion, a second identifier of the second portion, and a second status indicator associated with the second portion, initializing the first status indicator and the second status indicator, and making the block of memory available to the first software component and the second software component.

Abstract: A live migration method for a virtual machine passthrough device, includes: performing a register state synchronization method by calling a register state synchronization interface; cancelling a passthrough state of the source virtual machine passthrough device, and migrating the source virtual machine passthrough device to the target virtual machine by iteratively executing multiple rounds of a synchronization operation as following: performing the register state synchronization method by calling the register state synchronization interface to capture a read/write operation on a register of the source virtual machine passthrough device in a migration process, and executing the captured read/write operation on a register of a target virtual machine passthrough device; and performing a DMA dirty page synchronization method by calling a configured DMA dirty page transmission interface, to write data corresponding to a DMA dirty page identified by the source virtual machine passthrough device into a memory of th

Abstract: System and Methods for non-uniform memory (NUMA) garbage collection are provided. Multiple memories and processors are categorized into local groups. A heap space is divided into multiple pools and stored in each of the memories. Garbage collection threads are assigned to each of the local groups. Garbage collection is performed using the garbage collection threads for objects contained in the pools using the garbage collector threads, memory, and processor assigned to each local group, minimizing remote memory accesses.

Abstract: A storage system in one embodiment comprises a plurality of storage devices storing data pages. Each data page has a content-based signature derived from that data page. The content-based signatures are associated with physical locations storing the data pages. In response to receipt of a write input/output (IO) request that includes a data segment that is smaller than a page granularity of the storage devices, a content-based signature associated with the data segment is determined which also corresponds to a target data page stored at one of the physical locations. In response to determining the content-based signature, an inflight write count corresponding to the content-based signature is incremented. In response to a decrement request to decrement a reference count of the physical location corresponding to the content-based signature, a decrement flag corresponding to the content-based signature is set in the data structure and the decrement request is postponed.

Abstract: A system performing client-side caching of data in a deduplication backup system by maintaining an Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC) to pre-populate cached data and flush incrementals of the cached data in a client coupled to a backup server in the system. The system maintains cache consistency among clients by a time-to-live (TTL) measurement associated with each entry in a respective client cache, and a retry on stale entry mechanism to signal from the server when a cache entry is stale in a client due to change of a corresponding cache entry in another client. The ARC cache keeps track of both frequently used and recently used pages, and a recent eviction history for both the frequently used and recently used pages.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, systems and computer program products for page sharing among a plurality of containers running on a host. The method comprises in response to a first container accessing a first file not cached by the first container, checking whether a second file equivalent to the first file is shared in a memory of the host by a second container, wherein the checking is based on a record in which related information of at least one shared file is stored. The method further comprises in response to the checking indicating there is no second file, allocating in the memory at least one page for the first file, loading the first file into the at least one page, and storing related information of the first file into the record.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a plurality of processors and a plurality of links provided between the processors in a plurality of axis directions. Each of the processors includes a processor circuit, a memory, a memory controller, and an interconnect coupled to the processor circuit. The interconnect includes: a network switch configured to perform switching between the first links and a second link to its own processor; link counters provided to input links and output links of the first links and the second link respectively, the link counters being configured to count at least the number of packets passing through the input links and the output links; and a recorder configured to store count values of the link counters in the memory via the memory controller without a control by the processor circuit.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a hardware-based processing node of a plurality of hardware-based processing nodes in an object memory fabric can comprise a memory module storing and managing a plurality of memory objects in a hierarchy of the object memory fabric. Each memory object can be created natively within the memory module, accessed using a single memory reference instruction without Input/Output (I/O) instructions, and managed by the memory module at a single memory layer. The object memory fabric can distribute and track the memory objects across the hierarchy of the object memory fabric and the plurality of hardware-based processing nodes on a per-object basis. Distributing the memory objects across the hierarchy of the object memory fabric and the plurality of hardware-based processing nodes can comprise storing, on a per-object basis, each memory object on two or more nodes of the plurality of hardware-based processing nodes of the object memory fabric.

Abstract: An aspect includes determining, via a processor, context attributes of a storage. Data address translation (DAT) tables are created, via the processor, to map virtual addresses to real addresses within the storage. When detecting, via the processor, that a context attribute of the storage has changed, and the DAT tables are updated based at least in part on the changed context attributes of the storage.

Abstract: A balancer can balance workloads in an active-active or active-passive stretched cluster by determining where to provision active instances of virtual machines. The balancer can maintain a set of compatibility rules to govern which hosts, such as sites or servers, are compatible with which instances. The compatibility rules can ensure that the same host does not run both instances, for failover purposes. Additionally, the balancer can create a key-value map that tracks performance of various available hosts. By monitoring host performance and maintaining the compatibility rules, the balancer can re-provision instances on different compatible hosts when performance of a current host suffers.

Abstract: A mechanism is described for facilitating memory-based software barriers to emulate hardware barriers at graphics processors in computing devices. A method of embodiments, as described herein, includes facilitating converting thread scheduling at a processor from hardware barriers to software barriers, where the software barriers emulate the hardware barriers.

Abstract: Systems for low-latency data access in distributed computing systems. A method embodiment commences upon generating a first storage area in local storage of a first computing node. Access to the first storage area is provided through the first computing node. A second storage area is generated wherein the second storage area comprises a first set of metadata that comprises local storage device locations of at least some of the local storage areas of the first storage area. A set of physical access locations of the second storage area is stored to a database that manages updates to the second set of metadata pertaining to the second storage area. Accesses to the first storage area are accomplished by querying the database retrieve a location of the second set of metadata, and then accessing the first storage area through one or more additional levels of metadata that are node-wise collocated.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing data deduplication of storage units. An example method may comprise: receiving a request to initialize a portion of a data storage; modifying a content of a storage unit to comprise an initialization value; updating, by a processing device, a content indicator to represent the initialization value of the storage unit; determining in view of the content indicator that a plurality of storage units comprise matching content; and updating the storage unit to comprise a reference to the matching content of one of the plurality of storage units that comprise the matching content.