Abstract: Disclosed are method and a system, as well as a computer program product for providing suggested tags associated with a target web page for manipulation by a user. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is implemented by generating a list of keywords associated with the target web page as suggested tags; adding the keywords as suggested tags into the page and transforming the page bearing the keywords into a HTML file, while the user decides to bookmark the page; and creating a layer of new transparent or semi-transparent window overlaying an original window displaying the page, the transformed page with said keywords being rendered on the new window for displaying the suggestion for said user's manipulation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for approximating the final reading position in an electronic document such as an e-book. The final reading position is approximated by first establishing a reading speed of the reader of the e-book, which reading speed is used to approximate the final reading position on the most recently displayed page of the e-book, for instance by measuring how long the page has been displayed for and using the reading speed and this time period to obtain an approximate final reading position on the most recently displayed page. A computer program product containing this method and a system for executing this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and method and apparatus are disclosed herein for marking electronic documents with one or more persistent selection marks. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving input representing one or more marks on a document image; determining whether the one or more marks represents a selection of a persistent selectable area that delineates information in the document image; and storing data corresponding to the selection to enable a user in the future to obtain the information in the document image by performing an action with respect to the one or more marks.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for determining whether the meaning of a word in an electronic message should be presented to a user, according to a dynamic determination of whether the user knows the meaning of the word. A communication control unit receives a message sent from user A to user B. A morphological analysis unit extracts a word from the message, and a history acquisition unit acquires history information on viewing, usage, or the like of the word by user B. A display determination unit determines whether the meaning of the word should be displayed, according to the acquired history information, the language level of user B, and the difficulty level of the word. The meaning of the word is presented to user B according to the determination result.

Abstract: An electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface displays a portion of a document in a primary user interface for the document. The portion of the document includes a respective author-specified term. The respective author-specified term is associated with corresponding additional information supplied by an author of the document, and the corresponding additional information is not concurrently displayed with the author-specified term in the portion of the document.

Abstract: Contextually placed chat-like annotations in an electronic record. Users can input successive time-stamped annotations at a selected location in an electronic record. The annotations are displayed chronologically in a discussion window, which is customizable by color, style, and location. The discussion window styles minimize clutter and distraction, thus providing for more effective review and collaboration. The discussion location is indicated by a discussion point icon, and can be displayed in a window of fixed size with scrolling capability. A user can email the discussion window content to other users and request an alert, notifying the user of successive annotations. An annotation engine can reside on a server and receives user input and performs functionality related to the annotations. The electronic record can reside on the server and is repeatedly updated to reflect current content relating to the electronic record and annotations.

Abstract: A method for emphasizing differences in graphical appearances between an original document and a modified document using annotations with outer and inner boundaries is disclosed. A first bitmap of the modified document and a second bitmap of the original document are received. A set of difference points is derived from a comparison of the first bitmap and the second bitmap. Those difference points are representative of coordinates within the first and second bitmaps having pixel value differences exceeding a predetermined threshold. An outer boundary and an inner boundary of the difference points is derived, then an annotation defined by an area between the outer boundary and the inner boundary is generated.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for generating data for annotating images automatically. In one aspect, a method includes receiving an input image, identifying one or more nearest neighbor images of the input image from among a collection of images, in which each of the one or more nearest neighbor images is associated with a respective one or more image labels, assigning a plurality of image labels to the input image, in which the plurality of image labels are selected from the image labels associated with the one or more nearest neighbor images, and storing in a data repository the input image having the assigned plurality of image labels. In another aspect, a method includes assigning a single image label to the input image, in which the single image label is selected from labels associated with multiple ranked nearest neighbor images.

Abstract: A notebook component within a note-taking application is utilized as a centralized mechanism for recording notations and providing documentation related to a particular meeting. The meeting participants are provided with centralized access to the notebook component and thus are able to update the notebook record of the meeting collaboratively and in real time. In addition to user-driven updates, updates may also be generated on an automatic or semi-automatic basis. Updates may be made before, during or after the actual meeting. Updates may originate from an application data source outside of the note-taking application itself.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for allowing a first user to view a collaboratively annotated electronic document. During operation, the system identifies a set of users based on the similarities of online behavior between the identified users and the first user. The system further ranks the identified users based on degrees of similarities between these users and the first user. The system then retrieves an electronic document selected for viewing by the first user and determines whether at least one of the identified users has annotated the electronic document. Based on the determination, the system augments the electronic document with annotations from the identified user and displays the annotated electronic document to the first user.

Abstract: System(s), method(s), and/or technique(s) (“tools”) are described that enable a user to open a network-enabled electronic document in either a specific software application associated with the electronic document or a network browser. In some cases the tools do so using a single link. On selection of the link, if the user's computing device has access to the specific software application, the tools may load the electronic document using that application. Or, if the user's computing device does not have access to the specific software application, the tools may render the electronic document with a network browser. In so doing, the tools may make the document available to a larger set of potential users through their browsers, allow users the convenience of accessing the document within a browser, optimize users' experience in working with the document through a specific software application, or provide a simpler opening procedure.

Abstract: The application concerns sharing content generated within a system for one or more application displays to be displayed on a first computing device of a first user. A second user is sent a message concerning sharing sharable content wherein the sharable content includes at least a portion of content from the one or more application displays that were generated for the first user. The message includes an access identifier and in response to the second user accepting the message, the system uses the access identifier to share with the second user said sharable content that was generated for the first user. Prior to providing the sharable content to the second user the sharable content can be filtered. Filtering can be performed according to parameters that can be provided by the first user or according to a default values.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an additional image creating unit, a composite image creating unit, and a printing unit. The additional image creating unit is configured to create an additional image by using information associated with externally acquired software data if the externally acquired software data comprises specific software data. The composite image creating unit is configured to create a composite image in which the additional image and an image of an original are composited. The printing unit is configured to print the composite image.

Abstract: A method of embedding evaluations in a document is described. An identifier tag is embedded in the document in response to a first user action. The document may include a web page. The identifier tag includes a review and an identifier associated with an entity that is a subject of the review. A rating tag is embedded in the document in response to a second user action. The rating tag includes a rating value corresponding to a user-selected rating of the entity that is the subject of the review. The rating value may be selected from a set of pre-determined rating values.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods to incorporate human knowledge when developing and using statistical models for natural language understanding. The disclosed systems and methods embrace a data-driven approach to natural language understanding which progresses seamlessly along the continuum of availability of annotated collected data, from when there is no available annotated collected data to when there is any amount of annotated collected data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a dynamic re-configuration with a DFE imager and caching modules to optimize RIP performance by analyzing pages within the job that collect page with job heuristics and statistics. Enabling the functionality to assess the information, thereby re-configuring a digital printer's imager and caching module dynamically during the job RIP to achieve improved overall RIP performance. Accordingly, a system collects and assesses job statistics across multiple jobs to enable optimum performance over time.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying a document based on a spectral analysis of the text of the document is described. In some examples, the system generates a document identifier for a rendered document based on assigning values to words in the rendered document, such as values associated with the frequency of use of the word by the rendered document, the absolute or relative position of the word in the rendered document, and so on. The system may use the document identifier to generate a group of documents having similar document identifiers, and choose a likely match from the group of documents based on predictive analysis.

Abstract: An image can be compared with a set of images, each including pre-existing tags. A similar image set can be determined from results of the comparing. Pre-existing tags can be extracted from the similar image set. Prominent tags can be determined from the extracted pre-existing tags. At least one of the determined prominent tags can be added to a tag set associated with the image.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an input unit configured to input an annotation of at least one of an underline, a box, a character, a character string, a symbol and a symbol string to a displayed document, an annotation recognition unit configured to recognize a type of the annotation and a coverage of the annotation in the document, an intention estimation unit configured to estimate intention of a user based on the type of the annotation and information in the coverage, an action storage unit configured to store a plurality of actions, an action selection unit configured to select an action to be performed for the document from the action storage based on the intention estimated by the intention estimation unit, and an execution unit configured to execute the action selected by the action selection unit.

Abstract: A system includes a display, a processor executing an application program for displaying an annotation file, and memory storing program instructions of the application program. The processor associates an annotation with a programming module of a baseline file to display, in an unsegmented window of a graphical user interface, the baseline file as a hierarchical structure having nodes. Each node represents a programming module of the baseline file. Displayed is an annotation in the unsegmented window of the GUI proximate to the node that represents the programming module with which the annotation is associated. The displayed annotation includes selectable messages displayed proximate to each other to facilitate visual comparison. Each selectable message describes a modification made to the baseline file by a different contributor. The annotation indicates that the modifications produce a conflict. The conflict is resolvable within the unsegmented window by a selection of one of the selectable messages.

Abstract: An annotation system receives a first annotation input representing first annotation content for temporally annotating a first instance of a first target in a first instance of a first XML document. The first instance of the first XML document is served by a document server component of a document system. The annotation system is functionally independent of the document system. The annotation system temporally annotates the first instance of the first target with the first annotation content. The annotation subsequently manifests the first annotation content in connection with a manifestation of a second instance of the first target in a manifestation of a second instance of the first XML document served by the document server.

Abstract: A configuration information manager monitors attempts by processes to update non-structured storage of system configuration information, such as plain text files which contain system configuration information. When such an attempt is made, the configuration information manager makes a copy of the target file, and redirects the write operation to this copy. The configuration information manager then analyzes the process that did the writing, as well as the content that was written. If the process and/or the content is deemed to be suspicious, the changes will be logged and discarded, thus protecting the system. Should the changes be deemed legitimate, then the configuration information manager folds them into the real file, typically in an annotated manner, so as enable subsequent reversion of the changes as desired.

Abstract: Techniques are described for sharing multidimensional data and associated annotations between software systems. As described herein, the techniques provide mechanisms for defining inter-application “links” for automatically copying data and associated annotations among databases associated with the enterprise software systems. For example, a system may include a first database storing multidimensional data for a first software application, and a second database storing multidimensional data for a second software application. The system further includes an interface by which an administrator defines a link that specifies a source area of the first database and a target area of the second database. A link control module automatically moves multidimensional data and annotations associated with cells or cubes of the multidimensional data from the source area to the target area in accordance with the link.

Abstract: A user provides an annotation, such as text or graphics, in relation to a resource available on a computer network. The annotation is automatically stored and/or retrieved without requiring separate action from the user to accomplish the storage or retrieval. An annotation interface may receive the annotation from the user. The annotation is then stored in association with the user and the network address of the resource. The user's annotation may be later retrieved and displayed to the user based on the network address of the resource. In one specific embodiment, a browser toolbar receives and displays user annotations associated with Web sites or Web pages to which the user has navigated. Preferably, the annotation interface remains available to the user throughout the time in which the resource is provided. Further controls may enable the user to make an annotation publicly available to others, and to receive annotations from others.

Abstract: A method for assisting the evaluation of medical image data is disclosed. In at least one embodiment of the method a current layout is displayed which presents a particular arrangement of image series or individual images which are generated using one or more data records. Further, at least one executable work step is displayed which has at least one associated further layout, wherein the further layout involves at least the arrangement being changed, and, in particular, other information from the data records or other data records are used for generating the image series or images. Finally, a check is automatically performed to determine whether execution of the displayed work step requires a layout change in which the current layout is replaced by the further layout, or the current layout can be retained.

Abstract: A method described herein includes the acts of receiving an image captured by a mobile computing device and automatically annotating the image to create an annotated image, wherein annotations on the annotated image provide instructions to a user of the mobile computing device. The method further includes transmitting the annotated image to the mobile computing device.

Abstract: Methods and systems, including computer program products, implementing techniques for reviewing and editing word processing documents. The techniques include receiving from a reviewer one or more comments about a word processing document, receiving from an editor one or more changes to the word processing document, and classifying each change under one of the comments. The techniques can further include selecting a subset of the comments and presenting the word processing document so that the changes that are classified under the selected comments are distinguishable from the changes that are not classified under the selected comments.

Abstract: A method for performing a load-on-demand operation on assigned graphic objects allows a user to load a computer file without the assigned graphic objects to shorten the loading time of the computer file. The assigned graphic objects can be subsequently loaded by the user by activating an “assigned to” object.

Abstract: A map user interface control provides functionality for displaying a map in conjunction with the display of a Web page. The map control operates in combination with a location extraction component that analyzes the contents of the Web page to identify locations mentioned therein. Once the location extraction component has identified the locations mentioned in the Web page, a map is generated that encompasses the locations identified in the Web page. Once the map has been generated, the map control displays the map in conjunction with the display of the Web page. The map might include visual indicators corresponding to the locations mentioned in the Web page. The map might also include visual indicators corresponding to other locations near the locations identified in the Web page that have been identified using co-occurrence values generated through an analysis of a set of travelogues.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically generating flowcharts based on jobs within a mainframe job scheduling system is disclosed. The system may be interfaced through a web browser over a network (e.g., Internet) in order to configure a job flowchart request. The system includes a job flow utility employing rules and logic to execute a Job Control Language (JCL) script thereby invoking the creation of a job schedule based from a scheduling library and generates a delimited set of data that is stored within a database or saved as a delimited text file. The system also enables a user to view a job flowchart online or download the text-delimited file to open within existing charting applications.

Abstract: A user can highlight text and provide accompanying annotations. Highlighted text, accompanying annotations, and time-stamp information are stored in a user profile that is maintained locally with a web browser, at the client side. A retrieved web page is presented to a user with annotations of some form, based upon the user profile. The retrieved web page may typically be annotated through marked or highlighted portions of text, so that the user can readily locate this information in the web page, and assess the relevance of the retrieved page.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to related art citation management. One example embodiment includes a method of automating related art citation generation. The method includes reading a citation status of a related art reference for a patent document. The method further includes generating a related art reference list document. Additionally, in response to the citation status of the related art reference having a first citation status value, the method includes inserting into the related art reference list document a related art citation, the related art citation comprising metadata for the related art reference.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, system for image processing is provided that creates an object note for a picture. The method, apparatus or system includes: automatically obtaining picture description information from a picture source, wherein the picture description information at least partly have been formed automatically; obtaining annotation information from at least two object sources, wherein the two object sources are different from the picture sources, automatically fusing the said annotation information from the two object sources to form fused annotation information, and attaching said fused annotation information to the picture to create the object note for the picture.

Abstract: Methods (100), systems (200), computer program products, and signal bearing mediums for streaming an eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-type document (210) over a communication network (240) are described. A sequence of commands are received and synchronously converted (112) into XML-type fragments (230) for assembling and streaming a single XML-type document for a mobile device (220) in the communication network (240). The size of the XML-type document (210) exceeds the size limit imposed by the available memory on the device but less than the size limit imposed by the transport layer of a communication network (240). A DTD of the XML-type document (210) can be broken up into logically independent elements. The XML-type fragments (230) are assembled (114) in a buffer that is constrained to be smaller in size than the size constraint of the transport layer of the communication network (240).

Abstract: Techniques for annotating an electronic document in an electronic document application are described. A request to add an annotation to an electronic document application is received. An annotation template for the requested annotation is retrieved. The annotation template is external to the electronic document application and the electronic document and includes fixed content, associated instructions defining variable content, and layout information for the fixed and variable content. The associated instructions are executed to define the variable content for an instance of the requested annotation. The instance of the annotation is applied to the electronic document. The annotation instance has an appearance defined by the variable content, the fixed content and the layout information.

Abstract: The invention provides embodiments of a method an apparatus for dynamic management of distributed context. Each of a plurality of sticky notes can be associated with contextual information corresponding to a first context in which the virtual sticky note was posted. A request to access at least one of the virtual sticky notes can be received. A second context in which the request was generated can be identified. At least one of the virtual sticky notes that is associated with contextual information that corresponds to the second context can be identified. The identified virtual sticky note(s) can be communicated for presentation to a user.

Abstract: A multiple audio/video data stream simulation method and system. A computing system receives first audio and/or video data streams. The first audio and/or video data streams include data associated with a first person and a second person. The computing system monitors the first audio and/or video data streams. The computing system identifies emotional attributes comprised by the first audio and/or video data streams. The computing system generates second audio and/or video data streams associated with the first audio and/or video data streams. The second audio and/or video data streams include the first audio and/or video data streams data without the emotional attributes. The computing system stores the second audio and/or video data streams.

Abstract: A characteristic content of a Web page is easily extracted from the contents constituting the Web page. A computer is caused to function as an extraction means that extracts a content constituting a designated Web page, a calculation means that calculates the frequency of appearance of each content constituting the designated Web page, and a determination means that determines a characteristic content of the Web page among the contents constituting the designated Web page based on the calculated frequency of appearance.

Abstract: A method for emphasizing differences in graphical appearances between an original document and a modified document is provided in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. The method includes the step of receiving a first bitmap of the modified document, and a second bitmap of the original document. The method includes deriving a set of difference points based upon a comparison of the first bitmap and the second bitmap. The method includes a step of superposing a spatial index onto the set of difference points, and generating polygon vertices from a plurality of adjacent elements of index. Each of the elements has a predetermined density of difference points. The method concludes with generating an annotation from the polygon vertices.

Abstract: A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for determining the behavioral mood of an electronic messaging system user. User input is provided through one or more input receptors of an electronic device. The user input is collected by the mood identification system. The collected input is processed to generate behavioral biometrics, which are in turn correlated to predetermined behavioral moods, each of which has a corresponding behavioral mood indicator. The behavioral mood of the recipient user is indicated by applying text attributes to the user's identifier (ID) or by displaying an icon proximate to the user's ID.

Abstract: A method to convert visually orientated objects to embedded text is disclosed. In a particular embodiment, the method includes scanning an electronically stored document, identifying at least one visually orientated object within the document, analyzing the at least one visually orientated object to generate a textual description of the at least one visually orientated object, and embedding the textual description within the electronically stored document, and storing a converted document with the embedded textual description for distribution to users of text to speech synthesizers and Braille output devices. In addition, the method includes identifying text characters within the at least one visually orientated object. The text characters within the at least one visually orientated object are used in generating the textual description of the visually orientated object.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods, systems, and articles of manufacture for managing an annotation system that includes storing annotations for a document family, i.e., a series of versions of a data source. Annotations created for one version of the data source may be viewed in context from both subsequent and prior versions of the same data source. Embodiments of the invention associate annotations with both a data source “family identifier” as well as a “version identifier.” Other than adding a family ID to the data source, the data source remains unchanged. The family ID is maintained across different versions of the data source, whereas version IDs are determined for a specific version of the data source. Version IDs can be constructed from each data source directly, and do not need to be stored.

Abstract: Systems and methods for template-based multimedia authoring and sharing are described. In one aspect, media content is selectively applied to a content description template to author media in a content description. The content description template provides a temporal structure for the applied media content. A content representation template is selected and combined with the temporally structured media in the content description to specify rendering criteria and generate a content description and representation for one or more of rendering, sharing, and exporting the temporally structured authored media.

Abstract: Among other things, a computer-implemented method for annotating webpage content includes accessing a webpage in a browser, the webpage under control of a third party. A collection of annotations stored at a storage location is retrieved, the annotations collection associated with the webpage and an annotations author. The webpage is displayed with the retrieved annotations collection overlaid on the accessed webpage.

Abstract: Overlaying electronic ink over a document. A typical scenario may be where one it would be useful to mark up a document with electronic ink, such as by making handwritten comments, drawings, and the like over the underlying document. In some embodiments, a developer may easily define an inking surface, such as a transparent or opaque window, over a document. The inking surface may act as an input interface such that a user may write onto the inking surface such that is appears that the document itself is being marked up.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of annotating an electronic document may include receiving annotation information corresponding to a first electronic document file and creating annotation metadata that is associated with the annotation information. The method may further include storing the annotation information and associated annotation metadata in an annotation file that is separate from the first electronic document file, and anchoring the annotation information to a target electronic document file at an anchor location corresponding to the annotation metadata. The annotation metadata may be generated by assigning a target offset value to individual neighboring tokens defining an annotation neighborhood, wherein the target offset values correspond to positions of the neighboring tokens with respect to an annotation location within the first electronic document file.

Abstract: A system providing a user interface to annotate different items in a media production system such as in a digital non-linear post production system. Parts of the production, such as clips, frames and layers, that have an associated annotation are provided with a visual annotation marker. The annotation marker can use shape, color or animation to convey source, urgency, status or other information. Annotations can be text, freehand drawing, audio, or other. Annotations can be automatically generated. Annotations can be compiled into records, searched and transferred. A state of an application program can be stored and transferred to a remote system. The remote system attempts to recreate the original state of the application program. If the remote system is unable to do so, an image of the state of the application program is obtained, instead. Assignment of control to various functions of an application program is achieved by associating a function (i.e.

Abstract: A freeform selection tool for a computer system with a graphical user interface allows a user to draw a freeform selection path so as to select one or more graphical objects. The user is provided with the freedom to input selection ink, in any orientation, and using any desired selection path size provided by the select tool. The selecting tool may change the visual appearance of any graphical object once selected. The selecting tool provides the ability to select ink or graphical object with a particular property to be used for the selection. The selecting tool can recognize various selection gestures coordinated with a semantic relationship of the ink so that the number of selection ink strokes can be minimized. The selecting tool may change for different selection modes depending on the type of graphical object encountered and change of the context for a particular selection.

Abstract: A context aware enterprise system includes a network, an enterprise service coupled to the network, and a plurality of information sources that include enterprise information related to one or more activities of the enterprise system. The enterprise system also includes a plurality of clients with user interfaces by which a user may access the enterprise service over the network. A context determination service determines context information describing a multi-dimensional context based on the enterprise information. The context information determined by the context determination service includes a user identification, an identification of a client selected by the user, a user role, a user expertise related to the enterprise service, and a user expertise related to the selected client. Based on the context information, an interface adaptation service adapts the user interface of the client.

Abstract: In an information processing device which is capable of adding a new program, a managing unit is configured to manage bibliographic information of each of electronic manuals associated with respective programs installed in the information processing device. A registering unit is configured to register, in response to addition of a new program, bibliographic information of an electronic manual associated with the new program, into the managing unit. A display data generating unit is configured to generate display data indicating a list of the electronic manuals, based on the bibliographic information managed by the managing unit. A displaying unit is configured display the list of the electronic manuals on a display device based on the display data.