Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for removing typographic rivers from electronic documents. The method may include receiving an electronic document including a plurality of words for automatic typographic correction. A typographic river is identified in the electronic document, the typographic river including a plurality of nodes, each node including an empty glyph. A candidate adjustment that removes the first node of the plurality of nodes is identified and the candidate adjustment is applied to the electronic document.

Abstract: Techniques are described to perform an automatic reset of a database session to generate an environment that resembles a brand new session without the computational cost of creating a brand new session. In an embodiment, a DBMS receives a request from a client application to execute commands within a session. The DBMS identifies that the end request boundary, the end of the logical work unit for the client application, is reached within the session. The DBMS verifies that the end request boundary is at a resettable point of a session state of the session for the session to be safely reset. If the verification is successful, the DBMS performs a reset of the session to prevent any leakage of application-related session state to the next request.

Abstract: A request is received associated with a review. Within first content, a first field of interest and a second field of interest are identified and within second content, a third field of interest and a fourth field of interest are identified. A review is generated that includes a first indication of the first field of interest and a second indication of the second field of interest within the first content, as well as a third indication of the third field of interest and a fourth indication of the fourth field of interest within the second content. The review is transmitted to a device of a reviewer for reviewing the content.

Abstract: An electronic device and a control method therefor are provided. The present electronic device comprises: a communication interface including a circuit, a memory for storing at least one instruction, and a processor for executing the at least one instruction, wherein the processor acquires contents through the communication interface, acquires information about a text included in an image of the contents, and acquires, on the basis of the information about the text included in the image of the contents, caption data of the contents by performing voice recognition for voice data included in the contents.

Abstract: An information prompt method includes collecting an image of an ambient environment of a user to generate a real-scenario image, obtaining information about a point of interest from an electronic map, identifying the real-scenario image to determine a target object, determining a label of the target object and a display position of the label in the real-scenario image based on the information about the point of interest and position information of the electronic device, and displaying an interface including the label and the real-scenario image, where the label is displayed in an overlay mode at the display position in the real-scenario image.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method is described. The implementation accesses first and second media clips. The implementation also matches a first fingerprint of the first media clip with a second fingerprint of the second media clip and determines an overlap of the first media clip with the second media clip. The implementation also, based on the overlap, merges the first and second media clips into a group of overlapping media clips, transmits, to a client device, data identifying the group of overlapping media clips and specifying a synchronization of the first media clip with the second media clip, and generates for display on a display device of the client computing device, a graphical user interface that identifies the group of overlapping media clips, specifies the synchronization of the first media clip with the second media clip, and allows access to, and manipulation of, the first and second media clips.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for providing dynamically scrolling content within a vertically scrolling online publication is implemented by a content serving computing device in communication with a memory. The method includes retrieving a dynamically scrolling content item, receiving a set of display information related to a user computing device, and serving the dynamically scrolling content item within a slot of a vertically scrolling online publication presented at the user computing device, wherein the dynamically scrolling content item is served based partially on the set of display information, wherein the dynamically scrolling content item is configured to scroll horizontally in response to a first haptic input received by a user of the user computing device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein to search for content recommendations, and in particular, for generating emoji-based metadata for content and processing an emoji-based query using the emoji-based metadata. A system may receive a query comprising a text portion and an emoji portion. A system may search a database to identify content items associated with the query based on the text portion and the emoji portion, wherein the searching based on the emoji portion is based at least in part on matching emojis associated with a content item. A system may retrieve, for each of the content items, an emoji match score based on the emoji portion and a textual match score based on the text portion. A system generates, for each of the content items, a respective aggregate score based on the respective emoji match score and textual match score. A system may generate for display representations of the content items ordered according to the respective aggregate scores.

Abstract: A method of processing an interactive document is enclosed.

Abstract: Results of different programmatic interfaces may be paginated. A request that causes aggregation of results separately returned from different programmatic interfaces may be received. Attempts to obtain the results using the different programmatic interfaces to execute the request may be made. A token that describes result states for the different programmatic interfaces may be included in a response to the request.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer-readable media are set forth for processing exploration and production data to make such data more readily searchable for clients seeking to leverage the data for analytics and other services. The exploration and production data can be processed to generate a graph database that includes multiple nodes and node edges. The nodes can represent different portions of an exploration and production system, and the node edges can represent relationships between the different portions of the exploration and production system. Search suggestions be auto-filled at an interface of the graph database based on data available at the graph database. In this way, a user can be readily provide detailed search queries, without having to be completely cognizant of all the data available in the graph database.

Abstract: Techniques for processing a data set include: partitioning the data set into portions each including rows of data of the data set, a different one of the portions is included in a different one of a pages of a table, and rendering the pages of the table. A first number of rows of the data set is determined for a first page. The first number of rows is determined in accordance with a first plurality of heights including a height of a header section, a height of a footer section, heights of a plurality of margins, a total height of each page of the table, and a height of each row of the table. A second number of rows is determined for a second page. The second number of rows is determined in accordance with a second plurality of heights including at least some of the first plurality of heights.

Abstract: A system for performing one or more steps of a method is disclosed. The method includes receiving a first legal clause, generating, using a segmentation algorithm, a first hidden Markov chain comprising a plurality of first nodes based on the first legal clause, each of the plurality of first nodes corresponding to an element of the first legal clause, generating, using the segmentation algorithm, a second hidden Markov chain comprising a plurality of second nodes based on the second legal clause, each of the plurality of second nodes corresponding to an element of the second legal clause, comparing each of the plurality of first nodes with each of the plurality of second nodes to identify a difference for each of the plurality of first nodes, determine, based on the comparison, whether the difference for each of the plurality of first nodes exceeds a predetermined difference threshold.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus connected to an image forming apparatus includes a display control unit configured to perform control for displaying at least a predetermined image in a predetermined display region and shifting a display position of the predetermined image displayed in the display region in accordance with a command from a user, a setting unit configured to set a value used for adjusting a position where the image forming apparatus prints an image onto a recording medium based on the display position of the predetermined image in the display region, and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the value set by the setting unit to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An information exchange environment may be maintained. The information exchange environment may be configurable to allow users of an application or service to exchange suggestion data with product development. A user interface may be displayed on a device of a first user of the application or service. A request from the first user to submit first suggestion data may be processed. The first suggestion data may be classified. The first suggestion data may be provided to a first product development entity.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a document that includes a sequence of parts. Each part includes one or more strings of text. The processor displays a sequence of elements and the sequence of parts on a GUI. Each element corresponds to a part and is located at a position within the sequence of elements matching a position of the corresponding part within the sequence of parts. The processor receives information associated with a repositioning of a first element, corresponding to a first part, from a first to a second position within the sequence of elements. In response, the processor updates the sequence of elements by moving the first element from the first position to the second position, and updates the sequence of parts by moving the first part from a matching first position to a matching second position within the sequence of parts.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program for automatic, highly accurate machine scans of unstructured text data sources, like information kept or displayed in Web browsers, WORD, POWERPOINT, EXCEL, PDF, and other documents, with the ability to detect, isolate and extract specific text information from unknown and varying locations within the unstructured text data. The system uses multiple human-vision-like but electronic scans of the unstructured data using artificial intelligence techniques to locate, and extract required information despite varying conditions, like unknown number of pages, unknown sequence of pages, unknown data layouts and data arrangements, unknown number, lengths and indentations of sections/paragraphs, and in case of tabular data, unknown number of rows and column sequences in the unstructured text data source.

Abstract: A method of presenting media content is disclosed. A plurality of assets is received at a mobile device comprising a display and an orientation sensor. The plurality of assets comprises a first video asset associated with a first aspect ratio, and a second video asset associated with a second aspect ratio, different from the first aspect ratio. A desired aspect ratio is determined based on an output of the orientation sensor. In accordance with a determination that the desired aspect ratio is closer to the first aspect ratio than to the second aspect ratio, the first video asset is selected. In accordance with a determination that the desired aspect ratio is closer to the second aspect ratio than to the first aspect ratio, the second video asset is selected. The selected video is presented at the desired aspect ratio via the display.

Abstract: A system and method for frame accurate editing of high resolution live video streams is disclosed. A method includes providing a low resolution video stream displayed in a first viewing portion of an edit user interface, wherein the low resolution video stream corresponds to a high resolution video stream of the live video content, receiving, via the viewing portion of the user interface, user input identifying a first start point and a first end point within the low resolution video stream, and transmitting the first start point and the first end point to a server to obtain a respective intermediate video segment of an intermediate resolution video stream corresponding to the high resolution video stream.

Abstract: This document provides systems and methods for altering text presentation to increase reading accuracy, efficiency, and retention. This can include identification text specific attributes from machine readable text (through parsing of the text), varying the text presentation in accordance with the attributes, and creating an enhanced visual product for enhancing the reading experience. For example, a computer system can extract attributes such as parts of speech from an input sentence and display that sentence in cascading text segments down and across a display screen. The system can further use domain-specific dictionaries derived from domain-specific texts to identify domain-specific compound noun phrases and verb phrases that require specific linguistic tagging to be usable in other linguistic analysis steps.

Abstract: Images in e-book and other electronic media content can be automatically enhanced for viewing on client devices, using various image categories, attributes, and expected qualities. Should systems and methods determine, based on the categories and attributes, that a given media object does not satisfy at least one rule for optimized presentation of the content on a particular client device, an updated presentation of the content can be generated, possibly in accordance with a predetermined specification. The updating may be in the form of image enhancement through adjustment of the size of the images in the media object. Machine learning schema can assist in recognizing images by category, importance and readability scoring, and in adjusting the images for optimal viewing.

Abstract: A content compilation system includes a computing platform having a hardware processor and a memory storing a software code configured to provide an editorial interface. The hardware processor executes the software code to receive compilation authoring data via the editorial interface, identify one or more end-user(s) for receiving a content compilation, access a consumption profile of the end-user(s), obtain, using the consumption profile and a first authoring criterion in the compilation authoring data, content items from one or more content sources.

Abstract: Systems and methods are operable to present a sporting event on a display based on a determined level of viewer engagement and a determined team preference of the viewer. An exemplary embodiment presents a neutral viewpoint video content segment on the display during the first period of game play when the viewer has a neutral team preference, alternatively presents a first team alternative video content segment on the display during the first period of game play when the viewer has a preference for the first team, or alternatively presents a second team alternative video content segment on the display during the first period of game play when the viewer has a preference for the second team.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computer implemented method and system for conducting an individualized, virtually moderated, and virtual real time debate. Debating topics and debating rules are defined for the debate. A group of panelists is selected for the debate based on the debating topics. An electronic debating platform is provided to the panelists for receiving one or more key points, responses, and counter-responses contributed by each of the panelists in non real time. The key points, the responses, and the counter-responses are governed by the debating rules. The prerecorded key points, responses, counter-responses, and one or more information components relevant to each of the key points are stringed together in sequence. The debate is presented to a viewer on a multimedia presentation layer. The presentation of the debate is customized by enabling the viewer to selectively navigate through the presentation using the sequenced key points, responses, counter-responses, and information components.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a processor configured to: group electronic documents that have been processed, based on similarity degree of the electronic documents into one or more groups; determine a group, among the one or more groups, to which at least one received electronic document is to belong; determine whether the at least one received document is a modified version of one or more electronic documents belonging to the determined group, the modified version having been partially modified with respect to the one or more electronic documents belonging to the determined group; and specify a blank portion in the at least one received electronic document by comparing the at least one received electronic document with the one or more electronic documents belonging to the determined group.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method is described. The implementation accesses a plurality of media clips including a first video clip and a second video clip, matches a first fingerprint of the first video clip with a second fingerprint of the second video clip. The implementation also matches a first event subject of the first video clip with a second event subject of the second video clip, and determines an overlap of the first video clip with the second video clip based at least in part on the match of the first fingerprint with the second fingerprint and the match of the first event subject with the second event subject. The implementation also merges the first video clip and the second video clip into a group of overlapping video clips based on the overlap, and synthesizes the group into a video presentation.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system method and computer program product for selecting an advertisement and presenting it to a user are described. Products and services offered by various merchants are read using a merchant specific catalog and stored in a common format. Categories for such products and services are normalized and virtual categories are created using various product attributes. Visual creatives, termed as ad-templates are created to control the visual and interactive aspects of the ad, including ad-size, color, as well as product attributes that are displayed in the ad. Ad-templates may be constrained to specific products or product categories. A learning algorithm uses an adaptive sampling process to sample various products, product categories and ad-templates independently for different learning units such as individual users, groups of users determined by some demographics, individual web pages and groups of web pages grouped using various similarity criteria.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods and systems for the processing of database records based on results of a dynamic query session. More specifically, one or more templates can be defined. Each template can relate to a pre-defined condition of one or more records of the plurality of records and can define a dynamic query session related to the one or more records and one or more actions directed to the one or more records. The records can be monitored for an occurrence of the pre-defined condition on at least one record. In response to detecting the occurrence of the pre-defined condition on the at least one record, the dynamic query session related to the at least one record can be launched and the one or more actions can be initiated based on results of the dynamic query session.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to efficiently advance development of a program by appropriately evaluating a program component. A program component evaluation system stores a data model that is information including a data type and data characteristics required for each input data of plural program components used for configuring software, extracts the data model conforming to the data type of target input data that is data to be determined regarding whether or not the data can be used as the input data of the program component, analyzes whether or not the target input data conforms to each of the data characteristics for each of the extracted data models, specifies the program component in which the target input data conforms to the data characteristics of the data model of the input data, and outputs information indicating the specified program component.

Abstract: Secure, controlled, interactive virtual visitation for confinement institution inmates is provided using computing devices connected through a network by managing the scheduling of visitation sessions and use of shared visitation session resources, ensuring the identities of the inmate and the person with whom the inmate is to interact in the virtual visitation session, and by monitoring the interactions and communications during the virtual visitation sessions to detect prohibited activities. Another embodiment of the invention uses a virtual desktop shared from a remote server to ensure that an inmate does not have access to prohibited applications or content during a virtual visitation session.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program product for managing comments directed to a 360-degree image are provided. The embodiment may include identifying relative positions of a viewable area and user-posted comments by navigating a 360-degree image. The embodiment may also include validating content relevancy of the user-posted comments using a contextual analysis engine. The embodiment may further include aligning the user-posted comments in a different portion of the 360-degree image when the user-posted comments are misplaced or not contextually related to an original position of the viewable area. The embodiment may also include generating a 3D visualization diagram based on the validated user-posted comments, the aligned user-posted comments and the relative positions using a visualization engine.

Abstract: A screen sharing presentation system includes a presenter client system that leads a presentation and listener client systems that follow the presentation. A server facilitates communication between the presenter client system and the listener client systems. Users of the client systems may provide annotation information for the presentation. The annotation data is not visible to other users of other client systems, but is displayed on the respective user's personal views of the presentation. The presenter client system and the listener client systems are synchronized by communicating a current document location or other status indications.

Abstract: A data narration generating system generates snippets that include representations of data in one of a plurality of formats for inclusion into a data narration. The narration generating system receives selected data to be included into the data narration and provides the selected data to a plurality of ML models. The plurality of ML models are trained in generating snippets in one of the plurality of formats which can include textual format and a tabular format. Snippets in graphical formats can also be generated by rule-based processes. A plurality of snippets are thus generated in one or more of the plurality of formats which can then be presented to a user for selection and inclusion into the data narration. Alternately, a subset of the plurality of snippets can also be selected automatically based on a quality and quantity of data and a voting mechanism. The data narration thus generated is further configured to present different views based on privileges associated with user profiles.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method is described. The implementation accesses a plurality of media clips including a first video clip and a second video clip, matches a first fingerprint of the first video clip with a second fingerprint of the second video clip. The implementation also matches a first event location of the first video clip with a second event location of the second video clip, determines an overlap of the first video clip with the second video clip based at least in part on the match of the first fingerprint with the second fingerprint and the match of the first event location with the second event location, merges the first and second video clips into a group of overlapping video clips based on the overlap, and generates a presentation that includes the group formed by merging the first and second video clips based on the overlap.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system method and computer program product for selecting an advertisement and presenting it to a user are described. Products and services offered by various merchants are read using a merchant specific catalog and stored in a common format. Categories for such products and services are normalized and virtual categories are created using various product attributes. Visual creatives, termed as ad-templates are created to control the visual and interactive aspects of the ad, including ad-size, color, as well as product attributes that are displayed in the ad. Ad-templates may be constrained to specific products or product categories. A learning algorithm uses an adaptive sampling process to sample various products, product categories and ad-templates independently for different learning units such as individual users, groups of users determined by some demographics, individual web pages and groups of web pages grouped using various similarity criteria.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method is described. The implementation accesses a plurality of media clips including a first video clip and a second video clip. The implementation also matches a first fingerprint of at least a part of the first video clip with a second fingerprint of at least a part of the second video clip. The implementation also determines a temporal overlap of the first video clip with the second video clip based at least in part on the match. The implementation also, based on the temporal overlap of the first video clip with the second video clip, merges the first video clip and the second video clip into a group of overlapping video clips, and transmits, to a client computing device, data identifying the group of overlapping video clips and specifying a synchronization of the first video clip with the second video clip.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves intelligent alignment of graphical elements for display within a graphical user interface. For instance, a graphics editing tool identifies position coordinates for a set of graphical elements and groups the position coordinates into one or more clusters. In some embodiments, the graphics editing tool selects the number of clusters for the clustering algorithm based on validity scores. For a given cluster, the graphics editing tool selects a centroid value of the cluster as an updated position value. The graphics editing tool aligns a subset of the graphical elements associated with the cluster by moving each graphical element to the updated position value. For instance, the graphic editing tool can change a horizontal coordinate value or a vertical component value for each graphical element to the centroid value. The graphics editing tool causes a display device to display the aligned graphical elements.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for adapting tabular data for narration are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A set of categories used to organize data is identified in a first tabular portion of a document. A structure of the categories is analyzed. An inference is drawn about data in a first cell in the first tabular portion based on a position of the first cell in the structure. The first tabular portion of the document is transformed into a first narrative form using the inference.

Abstract: In an example implementation, a method is described. The implementation accesses a plurality of media clips and metadata for the plurality of media clips. The implementation also uses the metadata for the plurality of media clips to select, from the plurality of media clips, a subset of media clips including a first media clip and a second media clip. The implementation also matches a first fingerprint of at least a part of the first media clip with a second fingerprint of at least a part of the second media clip. The implementation also determines a temporal overlap of the first media clip with the second media clip based at least in part on the match. The implementation also, based on the temporal overlap, merges the first media clip and the second media clip into a group of overlapping media clips, and generates a presentation that includes the group.

Abstract: A method for generating a variant video production from an original video production is provided herein. The method may include the following steps: obtaining an original video production made of a plurality of visual assets being video cuts and/or images and at least one original audio track; automatically analyzing content of the original video production, to separate said visual assets; automatically detecting and storing editing operations applied on the visual assets during creation of the original video production; and automatically generating a variant video production based on at least some of the separated visual assets, wherein only some of the separated visual assets retain respective editing operations applied on the visual assets during the creation of the original video production.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a GUI for a document reader application that displays an aggregated feed with sections for different groups of personalized documents. Some embodiments provide a method for arranging documents within the different sections and for ordering the different sections within the aggregated feed. In some embodiments, the groups are dynamically generated at a device based on content (e.g., tags) of the documents.

Abstract: A shared storage architecture persistently stores database files in non-volatile random access memories (NVRAMs) of computing nodes of a multi-node DBMS. The computing nodes of the multi-node DBMS not only collectively store database data on NVRAMs of the computing nodes, but also host database server instances that process queries in parallel, host database sessions and database processes, and together manage access to a database stored on the NVRAMs of the computing nodes. To perform a data block read operation from persistent storage, a data block may be transferred directly over a network between NVRAM of a computing node that persistently stores the data block to a database buffer in non-volatile RAM of another computing node that requests the data block. The transfer is accomplished using remote direct memory access (“RDMA).

Abstract: A method for displaying webpage content includes acquiring webpage source code of a webpage to be accessed, and stopping rendering the webpage to be accessed, in the acquired webpage source code, searching for a location where a webpage node of a webpage interface needs to be inserted, inserting a webpage node code segment of the webpage interface into the webpage source code at the found location where the webpage node of the webpage interface needs to be inserted, and performing webpage rendering on the webpage source code into which the webpage node code segment of the webpage interface has been inserted, and displaying a rendered webpage.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronizing camera footage from a plurality of cameras includes providing a database of cameras, accessible via a user device, which stores a correction associated with each camera to a date/time in metadata associated with footage recorded by the camera, to facilitate synchronization of footage recorded by each camera to an actual date/time. The stored correction is applied to camera(s) to determine an adjusted date/time in the metadata corresponding to footage recorded at a particular date and time; and the footage for the camera(s) is synchronized to the particular date and time, based on the adjusted date/time determined from the correction. Cameras for synchronization are identified based on location stored in the database. A list of identified cameras may be exported with a case or UserID, and locations, adjusted metadata for synchronization, and bases for the correction calculation. The list is optionally generated via mapping functions.

Abstract: Various aspects of methods and apparatuses are described herein. Some methods may include receiving video content, receiving metadata including a hierarchical order of metadata fields, and performing an enhancement operation on at least a portion of the video content according to settings associated with at least one of the metadata fields. The enhancement operation may include a video processing operation configured to modify one or more visual characteristics of the video content. The settings associated with the metadata field(s) may be predefined in a device that receives the video content and the metadata. The enhancement operation may be performed at a time based on a time code in the video content. The enhancement operation may be performed on a bounded area of an object. The hierarchical order may correspond to a type of display technology. The hierarchical order may correspond to information associated with a manufacturer of a display.

Abstract: A method for presenting an interactive emergency department (ED) dashboard display for an ED at a user computing device is provided. The method may include presenting a plurality of user interface indicators on the interactive ED dashboard display at the user computing device. Each of the plurality of user interface indicators may correspond to a real-time performance metric for the ED, where the real-time performance metric is based on patient data for a plurality of patients in the ED. A user input may be received at the user computing device. The user input may indicate a selection of one of the plurality of user interface indicators. The method may further include, in response to the user input, presenting on the interactive ED dashboard display the patient data that is associated with the real-time performance metric corresponding to the selected one of the plurality of user interface indicators.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computer implemented method and system for conducting an individualized, virtually moderated, and virtual real time debate. Debating topics and debating rules are defined for the debate. A group of panelists is selected for the debate based on the debating topics. An electronic debating platform is provided to the panelists for receiving one or more key points, responses, and counter-responses contributed by each of the panelists in non real time. The key points, the responses, and the counter-responses are governed by the debating rules. The prerecorded key points, responses, counter-responses, and one or more information components relevant to each of the key points are stringed together in sequence. The debate is presented to a viewer on a multimedia presentation layer. The presentation of the debate is customized by enabling the viewer to selectively navigate through the presentation using the sequenced key points, responses, counter-responses, and information components.

Abstract: Communicating information through a user platform by representing, on a user platform visual display, spatial publishing objects as entities at locations within a three-dimensional spatial publishing object space. Each spatial publishing object associated with information, and each presenting a subset of the associated information. Establishing a user presence at a location within the spatial publishing object space. The user presence, in conjunction with a user point-of-view, being navigable by the user in at least a two-dimensional sub-space of the spatial publishing object space.

Abstract: An advertising selection and placement system is provided for a social networking system. An advertising selection module identifies candidate advertisements for a user to view along with social networking content. The candidate advertisements can be placed in various slots on the user's display. The expected value of various arrangements of the candidate advertisements in the slots is determined, and advertisements may be selected and placed to optimize revenue to the system. Each advertisement is evaluated using a discount function that adjusts the price of the advertisement based on its placement.

Abstract: A digital asset, such as may be created as part of a game development process, can go through various stages of development where various types of processing are performed. Some of this processing requires the asset to be in specific formats. In order to ensure that a computing device has the appropriate packages installed for processing the asset, an asset processor tool can monitor the assets and send information to a package management service regarding an asset that is unable to be processed on the computing device. The package management service can attempt to determine an appropriate package for the processing, and provide that package to the computing device. In some cases the identification and installation of packages can be performed automatically, while in other cases a user may need to select a recommended package, approve installation, or provide payment, among other such options.