Abstract: Embodiments are directed to ranking search results using a junk profile. For a given corpus of documents, one or more junk profiles may be created and maintained. The junk profile provides reference metrics to represent known junk documents. For example, a junk profile may comprise a dictionary of document data that is automatically inserted into documents created using a particular system or template. A junk profile may also comprise one or more representations (e.g., histograms) of a distribution of a particular junk variable for known junk documents. The junk profile provides a usable representation of known junk documents, and the present systems and methods employ the junk profile to predict the likelihood that documents in the corpus are junk. In embodiments, junk scores are calculated and used to rank such documents higher or lower in response to a search query.

Abstract: Particular embodiments determine that a textual term is not associated with a known meaning. The textual term may be related to one or more users of the social-networking system. A determination is made as to whether the textual term should be added to a glossary. If so, then the textual term is added to the glossary. Information related to one or more textual terms in the glossary is provided to enhance auto-correction, provide predictive text input suggestions, or augment social graph data. Particular embodiments discover new textual terms by mining information, wherein the information was received from one or more users of the social-networking system, was generated for one or more users of the social-networking system, is marked as being associated with one or more users of the social-networking system, or includes an identifier for each of one or more users of the social-networking system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and machine readable and executable instructions are provided for determining offer terms from text. A method for determining offer terms from text can include mapping keywords to a domain of a procurement event, and receiving, to a computing device, an offer text associated with the procurement event. Event-specific entities are identified, by the computing device, in the offer text. The computing device determines the domain of the procurement event from the identified event-specific entities, and using the mapped keywords corresponding to the determined domain, determines offer components from the offer text, extracts offer parameters from the offer text, and constructs the offer structure using the identified event-specific entities, derived offer components, and extracted offer parameters.

Abstract: A device and method for its operation comprising a display and input device, a processor to receive character input maintain an input context of words and a dictionary comprising a plurality of word occurrence indicators for selection of candidate words that may follow context words. A word occurrence indicator is associated with a kth order combination of a context word and a candidate word that indicates the frequency by which a respective candidate word follows the corresponding context word by k words in a text corpus. The processor is able to select a list of candidate words where the context word of at least one kth order combination matches the kth last word of input context. A score is determined depending on an associated word occurrence indicator for at least one relevant kth order combination.

Abstract: A system and method for providing definitions is described. A phrase to be defined is received. One or more documents, which each contain at least one definition, are determined. The phrase is matched to at least one of the definitions. One or more definitions for the phrase are presented.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, in which an input method editor receives input in a first writing system and presents input candidates in the first writing system or a second writing system. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes receiving input in a first writing system; presenting the input in the first writing system in a first interface element of an interface as content input; automatically identifying one or more candidates in a second writing system based on the input in the first writing system; and presenting the one or more candidates in the second writing system in a second interface element that is separate from the first interface element.

Abstract: In one aspect, a spellchecker is provided that differentiates between code and natural language parts of a source code file. In operation, the spellchecker identifies a string in the source code file and attempts to classify the string as inducing programming language instructions or natural language words. If the sting is classified as including natural language words, the spellchecker outputs an indication of a spelling mistake in the string. Otherwise, if the string is not classified as including natural language words, the spellchecker does not output indications of spelling mistakes found in the string.

Abstract: Automatically generating a glossary of terms for a given document or group of documents is provided. A single document or a group of documents associated with a given project or event are parsed for one or more unique terms (e.g., words, acronyms, phrases, etc.). Identified terms are passed to a local or external definition source, and definitions for the one or more identified terms are retrieved. Retrieved definitions are presented to a user of the documents, and approved definitions are stored in a project store for subsequent use in association with the documents.

Abstract: Word predictions in a message are selected or prioritized based on the recipient of the message and a previous location of use by a user. An input history is created based on messages sent to the recipient from the user at a particular location (e.g., global positioning system coordinates). As the user composes subsequent messages, a current location of the user is determined. Word predictions are performed based on a comparison of the current location to the previous locations, and based on the recipient(s). In further embodiments, location-aware spell-check functionality is provided for the messages.

Abstract: Approaches to identifying and evaluating risks in a contract document include a method implemented at least in part by one or more computing devices for analyzing a contract document to identify risks. The method includes analyzing text of a contract document, comparing the text of the contract document to a clause dictionary and identifying at least one clause of the contract document to a user based on its risk level. A contract document analysis system can include a user interface configured to display a contract document, a clause dictionary stored in memory and a text processing engine. The clause dictionary comprises predetermined clauses of interest to users. The analysis engine receives at least a portion of the contract document and performs test analysis to determine whether the contract document contains any clauses that resemble the predetermined clauses in the clause dictionary. For qualifying clauses, suggestions for action are displayed.

Abstract: A method for word correction on a multi-touch device, including: detecting a selection by a user of a word displayed in a user interface of the multi-touch device; breaking the word into logical segments; presenting the logical segments in the user interface; detecting a user-selected segment of one of the logical segments; displaying at least one alternative segment for the user-selected segment in the user interface; and altering the selected segment in response to receiving a user-selected replacement from the at least one alternative segment.

Abstract: A word corpus is identified and a word probability value is associated with each word in the word corpus. A sentence is identified, candidate segmentations of the sentence are determined based on the word corpus, and the associated probability value for each word in the word corpus is iteratively adjusted based on the probability values associated with the words and the candidate segmentations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for processing multi-modal collaboration. In an embodiment communication received from multiple modes are converted into a common format. Using various conversion modules, the communication may be converted into a common electronic text format (e.g. ASCII text) that contains keywords. Once the communication is converted into a common format, the information contained in the communication may be analyzed and consolidated into related areas or topics. The consolidated information may then be searched for common references in order to augment the information context.

Abstract: A method for entering keys in a small key pad is provided. The method comprising the steps of: providing at least a part of keyboard having a plurality of keys; and predetermining a first probability of a user striking a key among the plurality of keys. The method further uses a dictionary of selected words associated with the key pad and/or a user.

Abstract: Automatically generating a glossary of terms for a given document or group of documents is provided. A single document or a group of documents associated with a given project or event are parsed for one or more unique terms (e.g., words, acronyms, phrases, etc.). Identified terms are passed to a local or external definition source, and definitions for the one or more identified terms are retrieved. Retrieved definitions are presented to a user of the documents, and approved definitions are stored in a project store for subsequent use in association with the documents.

Abstract: A computer implemented method correlates a digital resource with an electronic message. A processor detects a focus on a targeted item that identifies a digital resource. The targeted item is in a user history that presents a history of a user's access to multiple digital resources. The processor then auto-populates a draft of an electronic message with the targeted item that was focused in the user history.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses detect a message; detect a message term within the message; search for a match between the message term and a stored term; and display a description based on the match wherein the description is utilized for describing the message term and the description corresponds with the stored term.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for text processing. The method comprises determining at least a part of characters in a text; dividing the text into a plurality of text segments by using the at least a part of characters as separators; and decoding the plurality of text segments respectively.

Abstract: A system for guiding a search for information is presented. The system comprises a user interface that accepts a phrase and receives at least one suggestion based at least in part on the phrase. The system also includes a phrase suggestion engine that matches the phrase with the at least one suggestion. Methods of using the system are also provided.

Abstract: An electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface displays a portion of a document in a primary user interface for the document. The portion of the document includes a respective author-specified term. The respective author-specified term is associated with corresponding additional information supplied by an author of the document, and the corresponding additional information is not concurrently displayed with the author-specified term in the portion of the document.

Abstract: A method for searching for an input symbol string, includes receiving (B) an input symbol string, proceeding (C) in a trie data structure to a calculation point indicated by the next symbol, calculating (D) distances at the calculation point, selecting (E) repeatedly the next branch to follow (C) to the next calculation point to repeat the calculation (D). After the calculation (G), selecting the symbol string having the shortest distance to the input symbol string on the basis of the performed calculations. To minimize the number of calculations, not only the distances are calculated (D) at the calculation points, but also the smallest possible length difference corresponding to each distance, and on the basis of each distance and corresponding length difference a reference value is calculated, and the branch is selected (E) in such a manner that next the routine proceeds from the calculation point producing the lowest reference value.

Abstract: An electronic illustrated dictionary device includes an illustration highlighter character string hiding unit configured to execute a process of, when an illustration associated with an expository content of an arbitrary headword is displayed on the display unit according to a user operation, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter by the illustration highlighter adding unit in invisible form, and a link destination highlighter character string hiding unit configured to execute a process of, when the in-illustration textual content display unit displays an expository content having a character string as a headword highlighted with a highlighter by the illustration highlighter adding unit on the display unit, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter by the link destination highlighter adding unit in invisible form.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for providing definitions to a user. The provision embodies the context of a text in which the defined term appears. In one aspect, a system includes an electronic device that includes one or more data processing devices programmed to respond to receipt of the user selection of the first term by performing operations. The operations include accessing, from the one or more persistent data storage devices, the characterizations of the contexts of the texts, comparing the accessed characterizations of the contexts of the texts with one or more characteristics of the context of the textual content of a media file, and ranking the definitions of the first term according to respective likelihoods that the definitions appropriately characterize the usage of the first term within the textual content of the media file.

Abstract: A computing system may predict a word based on received user input that selects a part of the word (e.g., the first characters, the first root, etc.). Specifically, a program, when run on the computing system, may perform a method including creating a candidate list of words based on received user input. These words may be then organized into a hierarchy, or tree structure, in which each word is associated with a parent and each parent is a partial match for its associated words. The top-tier partial matches may be presented, and user input corresponding to a selected partial match may be received. A set of candidates related to the selected partial match may then be presented for user selection.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with disambiguation software that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able to generate artificial variants in certain circumstances. Each artificial variant is compared with N-gram data on the handheld electronic device and is suppressed from being output if the artificial variant is determined to have a low probability of being the input intended by a user.

Abstract: A method for intelligently handling abbreviations in text-based electronic communications can begin with the compilation of abbreviation usage history data by an intelligent abbreviation handler component of a text-based electronic communications system. The abbreviation usage history data can indicate a presentation preference for abbreviation elements based upon past usage by the user. An abbreviation element can be an abbreviation, an acronym, or an initialism. The abbreviation element can be presented in a condensed format or an expanded format. Abbreviation elements can be identified in a received text-based electronic communication. The presentation preference of each identified abbreviation element can be intelligently determined for each recipient from the abbreviation usage history data. An abbreviation-adjusted text-based electronic communication can be created for each recipient using the received text-based electronic communication and the determined presentation preference.

Abstract: A method for intelligently handling abbreviations in text-based electronic communications can begin with the compilation of abbreviation usage history data by an intelligent abbreviation handler component of a text-based electronic communications system. The abbreviation usage history data can indicate a presentation preference for abbreviation elements based upon past usage by the user. An abbreviation element can be an abbreviation, an acronym, or an initialism. The abbreviation element can be presented in a condensed format or an expanded format. Abbreviation elements can be identified in a received text-based electronic communication. The presentation preference of each identified abbreviation element can be intelligently determined for each recipient from the abbreviation usage history data. An abbreviation-adjusted text-based electronic communication can be created for each recipient using the received text-based electronic communication and the determined presentation preference.

Abstract: An information display apparatus, an information display method and a storage medium including an information display program are described. According to one implementation, the information display apparatus includes a display section, a dictionary information storage section, a text display control section, a character string storage section, a character string list display control section, and an explanatory information display control section. The character string storage section stores a specified character string corresponded with position information showing a position of the character string in a text. The character string list display control section displays in a list the stored character string according to position order of the character string in the text. The explanatory information display control section displays explanatory information of an entry word corresponding to the specified character string.

Abstract: A method for facilitating texting in a non-Latin-based language includes storing mapping between a non-Latin-based language and a Latin-based language in a computer storage. The characters in the non-Latin-based language are mapped to a first group of characters in the Latin-based language. The diacritics in the non-Latin-based language are mapped to a second group of characters in the Latin-based language. The characters in the non-Latin-based language in a texting message are converted into in the coded text comprising characters in the Latin-based language according to the mapping. The texting message having the coded text is transmitted from a first communication device to a second communication device. The characters of the Latin-based language in the coded text are converted back into the characters in the non-Latin-based language according to the mapping to allow a user to read the text message in the non-Latin-based language on the second communication device.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for utilizing a dynamic personal dictionary in enhanced collaboration. A comparison is performed for each portion of entered text of the electronic communication with text identified in the dynamic personal dictionary. Responsive to a portion of the entered text matching an entry in the dynamic personal dictionary, the portion of the entered text is marked with an identifier, the identifier indicating that the portion of the entered text has an associated context definition. The electronic communication is then sent to a set of client devices with a set of marked text portions and associated identifiers.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for utilizing a dynamic personal dictionary in enhanced collaboration. A comparison is performed for each portion of entered text of the electronic communication with text identified in the dynamic personal dictionary. Responsive to a portion of the entered text matching an entry in the dynamic personal dictionary, the portion of the entered text is marked with an identifier, the identifier indicating that the portion of the entered text has an associated context definition. The electronic communication is then sent to a set of client devices with a set of marked text portions and associated identifiers.

Abstract: Methods and systems which utilize, in one embodiment, automatic language identification, including automatic language identification for dynamic text processing. In at least certain embodiments, automatic language identification can be applied to spellchecking in real time as the user types.

Abstract: A computer system implemented method of creating and using structured data from a textual input, comprising: providing a table for structured data, receiving at least one textual input, dividing at least a portion of the textual input into paragraphs, for each of the paragraphs, creating a profile by extracting predicative phrases from the paragraph, for each of the predicative phrases, extracting a noun from the predicative phrase, for each extracted noun, receiving a textual definition from the dictionary corresponding to the noun, dividing the textual definition for each noun into definition paragraphs, and creating a profile for each definition paragraph by extracting predicative phrases of the definition paragraph, comparing the profile of the definition paragraphs to the profile of the paragraph containing the noun based upon an algorithm for compatibility; and adding the predicative phrase containing the noun into the table for structured data if the algorithm is satisfied.

Abstract: A server computing system receives a request for a web page from a client that specifies a preferred language. The server computing system searches mapping data stored in a local data store using a web page identifier in the request to locate one or more terms for the requested web page to be translated. The server computing system searches translations for web pages in the local data store for a sub-set of the translations that correspond to the one or more terms for the requested web page in the specified language. The computer system generates a client-executable script to provide the sub-set of translations that correspond to the one or more terms to the client and transmits the requested web page and the client-executable script having the sub-set of translations for the requested web page to the client. The client-executable script, when executed on the client, renders the web page in the specified language.

Abstract: Presentation of results of a predictive analysis of text is delayed until entry of the text by a user is paused by a particular amount of time. The results are available for selection by the user for another particular amount of time. After the other particular amount of time is expired, the results are no longer available to for selection. If a particular result is selected, the selected result either replaces or supplements the entered text.

Abstract: The automatic completion of composite characters is supported by the generation of lists of candidate words or characters. Such lists may be generated by specifying letters or word shapes that are required to be included in candidate words or characters, independent of the order in which a specified letter or word shape is traditionally added to the completed word or character. In a subtractive mode, a user may exclude words or characters that include one or more letters or word shapes specified by the user.

Abstract: A document analysis, commenting, and reporting system provides tools that automate quality assurance analysis tailored to specific document types. As one example, the specific document type may be a requirements specification and the system may tag different parts of requirements, including actors, entities, modes, and a remainder. However, the flexibility of the system permits analysis of any other document type, such as instruction manuals and best practices guides. The system helps avoid confusion over the document when it is delivered because of non-standard terms, ambiguous language, conflicts between document sections, incomplete or inaccurate descriptions, size and complexity of the document, and other issues.

Abstract: A system provides multilanguage text input in a handheld electronic device. The system includes one or more applications implemented in the handheld electronic device. The applications include a text input application requiring access to language data usable thereby. One or more language databases contain language data from a plurality of different languages usable by at least one of the applications including the text input application. An interface provides the applications with access to at least some of the different languages of the language data of the one or more language databases, in order that the applications including the text input application receive the different languages.

Abstract: Tools and techniques for converging terms within a collaborative tagging environment are described herein. Methods for converging divergent contributions to the collaborative tagging environment may include receiving respective contributions from users within the environment. The methods may identify at least some of the contributions as divergent, and enable the users to converge the divergent contributions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for implementing network-based text-entry preferences are disclosed. An example method includes receiving, at a server, a valid login request from a user for an account maintained on the server and identifying, on the server, a set of text-entry preferences associated with the account. The example method further includes receiving, at the server, a request from the user to execute a first network-based application on the server and receiving, at the server, user-entered text associated with the first network-based application. The example method still further includes applying, by the server, the set of text-entry preferences to the received user-entered text and providing, after applying the set of text-entry preferences, the received user-entered text to the first network-based application.

Abstract: An electronic illustrated dictionary device includes an illustration highlighter character string hiding unit configured to execute a process of, when an illustration associated with an expository content of an arbitrary headword is displayed on the display unit according to a user operation, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter by the illustration highlighter adding unit in invisible form, and a link destination highlighter character string hiding unit configured to execute a process of, when the in-illustration textual content display unit displays an expository content having a character string as a headword highlighted with a highlighter by the illustration highlighter adding unit on the display unit, displaying a character string highlighted with a highlighter by the link destination highlighter adding unit in invisible form.

Abstract: A spelling correction system and method automatically recognizes and corrects misspelled inputs in an electronic device with relatively lower computing power. In a learning process, a misspelling correction dictionary is constructed on the basis of a corpus of accepted words, and context-sensitive strings are selected from among all the strings registered in the dictionary. Context information about the context-sensitive strings is acquired. In an applying process, at least one target string is selected from among all the strings in a user's input sentence through the dictionary. If the target string is one of the context-sensitive strings, the target string is corrected by use of the context information.

Abstract: A system and a method of retrieving information is described. In a system according to the invention, software modules may be used to provide the user with information that is most likely to be the information desired.

Abstract: Sentence boundaries in noisy conversational transcription data are automatically identified. Noise and transcription symbols are removed, and a training set is formed with sentence boundaries marked based on long silences or on manual markings in the transcribed data. Frequencies of head and tail n-grams that occur at the beginning and ending of sentences are determined from the training set. N-grams that occur a significant number of times in the middle of sentences in relation to their occurrences at the beginning or ending of sentences are filtered out. A boundary is marked before every head n-gram and after every tail n-gram occurring in the conversational data and remaining after filtering. Turns are identified. A boundary is marked after each turn, unless the turn ends with an impermissible tail word or is an incomplete turn. The marked boundaries in the conversational data identify sentence boundaries.

Abstract: Methods and arrangements of text entry are discussed. Embodiments include transformations, code, state machines or other logic to index segments of text from multiple sources and receive segments of text being entered into text-entry applications in a floating application. The embodiments may also involve matching the segments of text to indexed segments of text and entering completions of the received segments of text into the text-entry applications. The completions may be based upon the matching, and the completion of a segment may be entered into the text-entry application from which it was received.

Abstract: Automatically generating a glossary of terms for a given document or group of documents is provided. A single document or a group of documents associated with a given project or event are parsed for one or more unique terms (e.g., words, acronyms, phrases, etc.). Identified terms are passed to a local or external definition source, and definitions for the one or more identified terms are retrieved. Retrieved definitions are presented to a user of the documents, and approved definitions are stored in a project store for subsequent use in association with the documents.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for processing character data is provided, which selects a format of the character data to be used for generating print data. When a user instruction for printing character data according to character command data specifying the output of the character data is received, the format of the character data is selected based on the character command data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of correction of misspelled and confused words in a phrase written in a natural language, as well as a computer system employing this method. The method of the invention comprises creating a fast-lookup N-gram database for context spelling combined with editing and phonetic rules, POS and grammar bindings. Employed in the computing system the method permits to achieve fast and efficient spelling correction with a high correction success level for most difficult texts. The method of the invention does not require any pre-training or pre-learning user-specific patterns of errors.

Abstract: Plural headwords corresponding to a search character string are searched for through a dictionary-content data memory and displayed in a list form in a left area of a display screen, and heading data included in explanation contents concerning the headwords are read out from a headword table to be displayed in a right area of the display screen. When a headword is designated from among the plural headwords displayed in list form in the left area of the display screen, heading data contained in plural explanation contents concerning the designated headword are read out from an explanation data table and are displayed in list form over the heading data displayed in the right area.

Abstract: A method includes identifying a first term in a document structure instance that matches a first permissible term in a glossary and identifying a second term in the document structure instance that matches a second permissible term in the glossary. A determination is made whether the document structure instance establishes an interaction between the first term and the second term. The method also includes generating, with a processor, a relationship map. The relationship map includes a first object that represents the first term, a second object that represents the second term, and an interaction object that represents whether the instance establishes the interaction between the first term and the second term.