Abstract: A computer implemented method, computer usable recordable-type medium having a computer usable program code, and a data processing system provide a custom dictionary associated with an instant messaging contact. A chat window within an instant messaging application with the instant messaging contact is initially opened. The chat window is associated with the instant messaging contact. The instant messaging application then identifies whether the instant messaging contact is listed in a contact list. If the instant messaging contact is listed in a contact list of the instant messaging application, a default language dictionary that is associated with the instant messaging contact is loaded. The default language dictionary is one of a plurality of language dictionaries for languages that can be implemented within the instant messaging application.

Abstract: A method and device for selecting a word to be defined in a mobile communication terminal having an electronic dictionary function. The method includes selecting a word in a displayed text document in response to a first input, displaying the selected word in a search window, searching for the displayed word in response to a request to search for the displayed word, displaying information resulting from the search, and terminating display of the information and displaying the text document.

Abstract: A method for inputting Chinese characters, English alphabets, and Korean characters by using a numerical keyboard. The numerical keyboard includes a switching key set for switching the numerical keyboard to a respective software for presenting the Chinese characters, English alphabets and Korean characters. The Chinese characters, English alphabets, and Korean characters are distributed in the keys of the numerical keyboard. The Chinese character is inputted by clicking keys representing first stroke of a traditional recognized component of a Chinese character to be inputted and, a first and a last strokes of a non-traditional recognized component. The English alphabet and the Korean characters are inputted by keys representing vowels, consonants and epilogs thereof and if necessary, other keys for identifying the Chinese characters having same input way are inputted, and the # key and *key are used as auxiliary keys.

Abstract: The present invention uses spatial dictionaries (termed locationaries), for meaningfully checking and correcting the spelling of text on Geographic Information System (GIS) maps or other computer documents containing spatially, or coordinate-, bound text. Locationaries keep track of correctly spelled words and the geographic areas within which they are considered correctly spelled. In a preferred embodiment, locationaries are feature classes, ‘map layers’ of properly-spelled words or attributed features (objects). The invention selects such features from locationaries based on spatial criteria relative to the textual objects to spell-check. It then exports the attribute values to dictionaries that can be used by conventional spell checking engines. Once all errors and suggestions are found with such an engine and within user-specified criteria, a dialog is shown that contains a row per potentially-misspelled word found. From that dialog, the user can edit the word in the original textual object of the map.

Abstract: In a computer, a user interface allows users to input requests to various applications or software modules executing on the computer. During the input process, the invention presents to the user a grammar-based automatic completion of the user input so far, and/or a grammar-based suggestion list of one or more possible options for completing the user input.

Abstract: When the up-down pagefeed key is pressed in a state where each entry word read from the dictionary is sorted in a specific character order (in alphabetic order or in order of the Japanese syllabary) according to the corresponding language and displayed as an entry word list in the entry word list mode, the entry word above or below the current entry word is set as the selected entry word by the up-down cursor key, and the cursor is displayed on the n-th letter in the selected entry word, the first entry word above or below the current entry word differing in the n-th letter on which the cursor is located is set as a newly selected entry word and the cursor is displayed on the new n-th letter. When the translation/decision key is pressed, explanatory information on the selected entry word is read from the dictionary and displayed.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and program storage device for delimiting words is provided and requires adding an extensible vocabulary markup to a plurality of markup languages, wherein the plurality of markup languages comprises a knowledge representation, and processing a provided term from one or more vocabularies for use in the knowledge representation.

Abstract: A handheld electronic device includes a reduced QWERTY keyboard and is enabled with disambiguation software that is operable to disambiguate text input. In addition to identifying and outputting representations of language objects that are stored in the memory and that correspond with a text input, the device is able in certain circumstances of erroneous input to provide proposed corrected output.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for determining probable meanings of words. An input of a word is obtained. Probable meanings of the word may be determined in accordance with a prior probability of probable meanings of the word and a context frequency probability of probable meanings of the word.

Abstract: A method for the rapid, dynamic conversion of Pin Yin words is disclosed. The present invention comprises a web-based computer program. The user identifies an input which may be a hybrid or unaccented Pin Yin word. The character is translated dynamically into an accented Pin Yin word, a Simplified Chinese character or a Traditional Chinese character. The translated character is then displayed. The translation is done in the web page without a round trip to the server.

Abstract: A method for correcting a short text message comprising the steps of: creating a table of common words and misspellings; identifying keypad used for sending the message, examining message for comprehensibility; identifying most likely error, substituting symbols based on a hierarchical system of shared keys followed by adjacent keys to hypothesize correction of the most likely error; examining hypothesized correction for comprehensibility, and repeating steps (c) to (f) until an understandable message is generated.

Abstract: A method for storing a first copy of an object, including obtaining the object including a globally unique identifier (GUID), generating a first derived GUID using the GUID of the object, storing the first copy of the object identified by the first derived GUID in a root node of the object, publishing possession of the first copy of the object identified by the first derived GUID by the root node of the object, associating a first shadow root with the first copy of the object, and storing the first copy of the object identified by the GUID in the first shadow root.

Abstract: Codifying the “most prominent measurement points” of a document can be used to measure semantic distances given an area of study (e.g., white papers on some subject area). A semantic abstract is created for each document. The semantic abstract is a semantic measure of the subject or theme of the document providing a new and unique mechanism for characterizing content. The semantic abstract includes state vectors in the topological vector space, each state vector representing one lexeme or lexeme phrase about the document. The state vectors can be dominant phrase vectors in the topological vector space mapped from dominant phrases extracted from the document. The state vectors can also correspond to words in the document that are most significant to the document's meaning (the state vectors are called dominant vectors in this case). One semantic abstract can be directly compared with another semantic abstract, resulting in a numeric semantic distance between the semantic abstracts being compared.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for digital image management. In general, in one aspect, a method for digital image management includes receiving a digital image associated with a specific time. The method includes receiving a data unit associated with a time interval. The method includes associating the data unit with the digital image when the time interval associated with the data unit includes the specific time.

Abstract: A method for providing a transient electronic dictionary that travels with an original electronic document is provided. An author of an electronic document may generate a transient electronic dictionary that is linked with the original electronic document such that the transient electronic dictionary is transmitted along with the original electronic document when the original electronic document is distributed. At a recipient computer system, when the original electronic document is accessed, the associated transient electronic dictionary is loaded by the word processing application. The loaded transient electronic dictionary is used to expand the permanent electronic dictionary present in the recipient computer system temporarily. The word processing application may then resolve words in the original electronic document using the loaded transient electronic dictionary entries.

Abstract: Various methods formulated using a geometric interpretation for identifying bilingual pairs in comparable corpora using a bilingual dictionary are disclosed. The methods may be used separately or in combination to compute the similarity between bilingual pairs.

Abstract: When an additional search key of an input unit is operated by the user, if a current display on a display screen of a display unit is a list display of respective example sentences, a user input for refining example sentences is received, and example sentences are refined in accordance therewith. When the additional search key is operated by the user, if the current display is a display of explanatory information on the vocabulary entry, the display screen of the display unit is split into two, and a search of the explanatory information is carried out on one split screen.

Abstract: A window display system has a text acquisition section for acquiring text of an original window in a superimposed region; a text transmitter for transmitting to a predetermined server the acquired text, the coordinates of the superimposed region, and the coordinates of each part of the text; and a display processor for receiving a screen generated in the server, and displaying the screen in the overlapping window, wherein the server has a screen generator for determining whether a predetermined keyword is contained in the text received from the user terminal, extracting the keyword and the URL if the keyword is contained in the text, and generating and transmitting a screen in which a link to a URL is embedded in the position of a keyword contained in the text on the basis of the coordinates of the text received from the user terminal.

Abstract: A dynamic database reordering system provides a linguistics database that contains words that are ordered according to a linguistics model that dictates the order in which words are presented to a user. While a user enters keystrokes on a keypad of a communications device is pressing keys, the invention predicts the words, letters, numbers, or word stubs that the user is trying to enter. The invention reorders the linguistics model order based on the user's usage of the system by tracking the user's word selections. Once a word has been selected as a result of a next key selection (the nexted word), a frequency value is applied to the selected word and the word ordered first by the linguistics model in the linguistics database for that key sequence. The frequency value of the nexted word will become greater than the frequency value of the first displayed word upon repeated nexting to the same word.

Abstract: Additional synonym pairs are inferred from a pair of schema elements (of different schemas) mapped by a user, and the inferred pairs are added to a dictionary. According to one aspect of the present invention, a mapped pair is inferred as a synonym pair if the elements of the mapped pair cannot be mapped according to a program logic otherwise. According to one more aspect of the present invention, the parents of the mapped elements are also inferred as synonym pairs if sufficient peer (to the mapped elements) elements are already mapped or considered synonyms.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a mechanism for selecting a replacement source expression associated with respective replacement destination expressions, and the respective replacement destination expressions associated with the replacement source expression; a mechanism for extracting the replacement source expression associated with the replacement destination expression which is the same expression as the selected replacement destination expression, and creating an expression list; a mechanism for determining whether or not an expression group included in the expression list for one field is similar to an expression group included in the expression list; and a mechanism for generating a proofreading complementary dictionary, which associates an expression included in the expression list with a high replacement destination expression included in the expression list.

Abstract: A text entry dialog box (62) is disclosed for use with an associated window and associated user. A text entry space (64) is provided for text entry by the user. A memory (82) stores previous text entries. A selection button (70) is displayed when the memory (82) contains at least one previous text entry. A selection list (72) is displayed when the selection button (70) is selected by the user. The invention may alternately be viewed as a modified drop-down list box (62). The text line (64) is editable, and the visibility of the drop-down selection arrow (70) is conditional upon the selection list (72) containing at least one entry. Preferably, a parser (102) parses the edited text line contents, and the selection list (72) contains previous text entries entered in the editable text line (64), parsed by the parser (102), and containing at least one character after the parsing.

Abstract: Plural headwords corresponding to a search character string are searched for through a dictionary-content data memory and displayed in a list form in a left area of a display screen, and heading data included in explanation contents concerning the headwords are read out from a headword table to be displayed in a right area of the display screen. When a headword is designated from among the plural headwords displayed in list form in the left area of the display screen, heading data contained in plural explanation contents concerning the designated headword are read out from an explanation data table and are displayed in list form over the heading data displayed in the right area.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for a spell checker that includes sending a document to a spelling server which returns the document with associated spelling information, though the document could also be provided to a spelling assistant on the local machine. The spelling information includes identification of potentially misspelled words and one or more replacements words. The document is displayed to identify the potentially misspelled words in a visually distinctive manner. The replacement words are displayed near the potentially misspelled word in response to a user activity, such as clicking on the identified words. The misspelled word is replaced with the word selected by the user from the replacement words. The user may extend the area of text to be modified by clicking on extension buttons to the left and right of the potentially misspelled word.

Abstract: A portable terminal in which the labor in inputting plural characters and a variety of information can be relieved in case limitations are imposed on the number of available keys. The portable terminal includes an LCD 26, a memory 17 for storing the dictionary information comprised of plural words and exemplary sentences, a key input unit 29 for inputting unit characters, a CPU 13 for retrieving from the memory the words and/or exemplary sentences displayed on the LCD 26 based on the input from the key input unit 29 and/or on the character string already finalized, and a jog dial 40. A desired word and/or exemplary sentence is selected from the plural words and/or exemplary sentences retrieved by the CPU 13 responsive to rotation of the jog dial 40 and displayed on the LCD 26 and the information on the finalized character string is generated.

Abstract: An information retrieving apparatus for retrieving predetermined information according to an input of text information, including an input operation section which selects characters from a defined predetermined character list and performs input instructions, a display section which displays the character list, and input characters which have been instructed by the input operation section, a candidate definition processing section 10, and a candidate display processing section 10. The candidate definition processing section 10 retrieves input candidates containing the input instructed characters, and extracts candidate characters, and temporarily allocates the candidate characters to display areas 29 in the display section 15 of characters that do not match the candidate characters, so that they can be selected using the input operation section.

Abstract: A multi-format display device for video production and testing selectively presents a video input signal in three or more distinct ways to facilitate analysis. A complete picture, a picture zoom an area of particular scrutiny around a cursor position, tabular pixel information, a color swatch corresponding to pixel data values and graphic plots of picture data, audio and other information can be placed in areas of a formatted display. Predetermined or input pixel selection criteria can shift the display at least temporarily to identify pixels in the display that meet the criteria as the input video signal frames proceed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for providing a candidate list of alternatives for a text selection containing text from multiple input sources, each of which can be stochastic (such as a speech recognition unit, handwriting recognition unit, or input method editor) or non-stochastic (such as a keyboard and mouse). A text component of the text selection may be the result of data processed through a series of stochastic input sources, such as speech input that is converted to text by a speech recognition unit before being used as input into an input method editor. To determine alternatives for the text selection, a stochastic input combiner parses the text selection into text components from different input sources. For each stochastic text component, the combiner retrieves a stochastic model containing alternatives for the text component.

Abstract: Systems and methods for predictive conversion of user text input in one language or character set to another language or character set are disclosed. The method may generally include converting a partial user input in a non-target language or character set to a converted partial user input in a target language or character set and computing likely possible converted completions of the converted partial user input based on a likely completions module. The converting may be based on a dictionary of non-target language or character set to target language or character set mappings. The likely completions module may be a database or a model trained by performing statistical analysis on a database of user inputs or a subset thereof. The subset of user inputs may be selected from those from a particular geographic location or time period and/or from the user or the user's current session.

Abstract: A structure and method for automatically creating a dictionary for clustering text documents performs a first pass for each of the documents to determine a frequency of each word in each of the documents, creates a Hashtable of most frequently occurring words in the documents, performs a second pass for each of the documents to determine a frequency of phrases in each of the documents that contain only words in the Hashtable, adds the most frequently occurring phrases to the Hashtable, and outputting outputs the most frequently occurring words and the most frequently occurring phrases as the dictionary.

Abstract: An improved solution for dynamically configurable user preferences in a type-ahead hint system is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, a method for providing type-ahead hints includes: receiving an input string; providing a configurable preference interface; obtaining a preference from the interface; and generating at least one type-ahead hint, based upon the input string and the preference.

Abstract: Image or graphic elements such as pictures, icons and clip art, are intercepted during transfer from a computer source to a computer destination, such as during a cut-and-paste operation. Embedded text within the intercepted element is optically recognized, and encoded text is extracted. It is determined if the language of the text matches a desired language of the destination. If not, a translation of the optically-recognized text data is performed, and the translated text data is rendered into image data. The image data is then substituted into the intercepted element to overlay or replace the original embedded text, thereby “translating” the image or graphic element to a desired destination language. The modified image or graphic element is then delivered to the destination, such as a document, program, file or data structure.

Abstract: A system and method identify base noun phrases (baseNP) in a linguistic input. A part-of-speech tagger identifies N-best part-of-speech tag sequences corresponding to the linguistic input. A baseNP identifier identifies baseNPs in the linguistic input using a unified statistical model that identifies the baseNPs, given the N-best POS sequences.

Abstract: The present invention, in one embodiment, aids the user during composition of emails/letters/documents with assistance for correct gender usage. In one example application, first an automated user information look-up process is initiated over centralized databases using the proper names mentioned in the composition. Once matches are found, gender-related information is retrieved and the composer is assisted with gender recognition tools while composing gender-sensitive statements. When mismatches between proper nouns and the corresponding adjectives/pronouns are found, this method proceeds with highlighting or otherwise flagging the mismatching words. Upon right-clicking the highlighted words, the user is given suggestions for the most probably correct options. Examples of the idea explained in this invention can be incorporated in existing software/systems of email/document editor/composers.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for automatic dissemination of spelling rules within working groups. Exemplary embodiments include a method for automatic dissemination of spelling rules within working groups having a sender computer and a recipient computer, the method including composing a document on the sender computer, performing a spell check on text within the document, identifying a word flagged by the spell check as being absent from a dictionary associated with the spell check and with the sender computer, adding the flagged word to the dictionary associated with the sender computer, tagging the flagged word with an indication that the flagged word is to be added to a dictionary associated with the recipient computer in response to the document being received in the recipient computer, storing the indication within the document and sending the document to the recipient computer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, featuring techniques for text input support that, among other capabilities, can automatically convert a string of characters lacking spaces into a sentence that includes spaces. The apparatus and methods may find applicability, for example, when an operator inputs characters sequentially for generating text composed of plural words separated from each other with spaces, like English or French text.

Abstract: A word processing tool is disclosed for checking the substance and not merely the spelling of words provided by a user. The word checker is capable of identifying potentially inappropriate word choices so that unintentional errors are not introduced into electronic text documents. The word checker can be implemented as a stand-alone procedure, or integrated into a conventional spell-checking program.

Abstract: A system for guiding a search for information is presented. The system comprises a user interface that accepts a phrase and receives at least one suggestion based at least in part on the phrase. The system also includes a phrase suggestion engine that matches the phrase with the at least one suggestion. Methods of using the system are also provided.

Abstract: Providing capitalization correction for unstructured excerpts is described. An excerpt of unstructured content is tokenized into a set of words. The set of words is analyzed for correct capitalization. Individual characters constituting at least one such word in the set of words are evaluated. The at least one such word is skipped if determined to be of a predefined type.

Abstract: A method of determining the component words of a compound word is disclosed. The method identifies the component words, by comparing the word with a list of words found in a lexicon. If the word is not found in the lexicon the method proceeds to analyze the word on a character-by-character basis. After each character the method identifies any potential matches to the selected characters in the lexicon. If a match is found, it is added to a hypothesis trace in a lattice. Next, the method checks to see whether the remaining characters form a valid entry in the lexicon, and whether the entry is allowed to be a final segment.

Abstract: An improved spell check function and handheld electronic device provide a spell checking feature that includes a spell check algorithm that changes a suffix of a text entry by replacing each of one or more terminal characters thereof with a wild card element which can be any character or an absence of a character. A memory on the handheld electronic device has a plurality of language objects which are searched to identify language objects which correspond with the modified text entry with the terminal wild card element(s).

Abstract: An improved spell check function and handheld electronic device provide a spell checking feature that is available in a plurality of data entry fields of a plurality of applications. A memory on the handheld electronic device has a plurality of linguistic data sources which are searched for linguistic data during a spell check operation. Generic linguistic data is stored in a static data source, and other linguistic data is stored in a dynamic data source. An identification of a misspelled text entry results in an editing session being automatically opened on the misspelled text entry. Proposed spell check interpretations of a text entry are output in a list, and an actuation of a <MENU> key further results in the outputting of a menu of selectable spell check options. At least some of the selectable spell check options are selectable either with a track ball or with a key of a keypad.

Abstract: An improved spell check function and handheld electronic device provide a spell checking feature that includes provides a preference to a spell check algorithm that based upon extensive selection by the user of spell check results generated by the algorithm.

Abstract: An improved spell check function and handheld electronic device provide a spell checking feature that includes a spell check algorithm that alters a suffix of a text entry by deleting one or more terminal characters thereof. A memory on the handheld electronic device has a plurality of language objects which are searched to identify language objects which correspond with an initial, non-deleted portion of the text entry.

Abstract: An improved spell check function and handheld electronic device provide a spell checking feature that includes a character replacement spell check algorithm that provides a preference based upon the proximity of the characters replacing one another.

Abstract: A word processing tool is disclosed for checking the substance and not merely the spelling of words provided by a user. The word checker is capable of identifying potentially inappropriate word choices so that unintentional errors are not introduced into electronic text documents. The word checker can be implemented as a stand-alone procedure, or integrated into a conventional spell-checking program.

Abstract: A server anticipates and pre-computes different layouts of online documents and stores them in cache. The layouts are specifically optimized for viewing across a range of display sector sizes. For each document, the layouts are stored in a directory that includes a common dictionary file and a separate layout file for each display sector size. Furthermore, a client requests a document from the server which in response sends the client a handler module which runs in the background on the client, detects the current size of the display sector being used by the client to display pages of the requested document and sends a request to the server for the document's dictionary file and specific layout file corresponding to the current display sector size. In response, the server retrieves these files from cache and sends them to the client. The handler then creates the document from these files.

Abstract: A method for automatically adding one or more diacritical marks to text that has been entered into a handheld electronic is disclosed. The method includes detecting an input of the text, generating an output of the text, making a determination whether the text may require diacritical marks, and generating an output of the text with the diacritical marks. A handheld electronic device having the capability described above is also disclosed.

Abstract: A visual markup to voice markup transcoding system, method and machine readable storage. The basic method can include identifying at least one heading in visual markup; creating a corresponding menu item in voice markup; further creating a text block in the voice markup for text associated with the identified heading; and, linking the text block with the menu item in the voice markup. Additional headings can be identified in the visual markup; and, each of the creating, further creating and linking steps can be repeated for each identified additional heading. Notably, the visual markup can be formatted according to the hypertext markup language (HTML), and the voice markup is formatted according to the voice extensible markup language (VXML).

Abstract: A computer implemented method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for spellchecking an electronic document. In response to receiving the electronic document, the process parses the electronic document for a set of non-standard words that are absent from a dictionary used by a document editing program. In response to locating the set of non-standard words in the electronic document, the process generates an index that includes, but is not limited to, the set of non-standard words. The process then reviews the electronic document for spelling errors using the generated index.