Abstract: The present encoding method encodes binary data as sequences of code points occupying the Private Use Area of the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane. The encoded data can be contained within a stream of UTF-8, UTF-16 or UTF-32 code units and subsequently decoded to yield the original binary data. This method requires minimal processing for both encoding and decoding operations, and yields a 75% storage efficiency limit. Each datum encoding sequence includes type and encoding length information, enhancing parse and search operation performance. The type system includes elements for creating complex structured data-text sequences, and a mechanism for application defined extensions.

Abstract: Systems, methods, computer-readable media and other embodiments are provided for automatically determining a language of a document from a set of candidate languages. In one embodiment, a system includes a logic for setting an assumption value associated with each of the languages of the set of candidate languages where the assumption value indicates that the document is not in the language. A language analyzer determines the language and generates an output that indicates that the document is one language of the candidate languages when the assumption value for the one language passes a threshold value.

Abstract: A mixed translation of content is created in one document based on a new use of the lang’ attribute on standard HTML tags. The HTML 4.0 specification defines the ‘lang’ attribute as being used for an element's attribute value and content. Browsers use this information to assist in proper rendering of content associated with treatment of ligatures, hyphenations and quotations. Search engines and other applications may use this field for spell checking or creating indices. The implication of this common usage is that the content is in the language indicated by the ‘lang’ attribute and language specific rules for its rendering apply.

Abstract: A method for an image forming device, an electronic medium, and an image processing program, which enables external output of image data and font data for the image data with ease. The image forming device includes an input unit, a font data memory unit, a font data read-and-write control unit, a font control unit, and an output unit. The input unit inputs image data. The font data memory unit stores font data by associating it with a character code. The font data read-and-write control unit controls read-and-write operation on the font data of the font data memory unit. The font control unit acquires the font data to be used for the image data and controls conversion of the acquired font data according to an image forming mode. The output unit controls external output of the image data from the image control unit and the converted font data to be used to for the image data.

Abstract: A method and system for processing a user input character string entered by a user into a computer system that comprises a browser. The user input character string is received. The user input character string conforms to a native character set and encoding of the browser for a language selected by the user. The user input character string is converted to a converted character string consisting of characters of a Universal Character Set (UCS) which are independent of platform and language. Any leading and any trailing whitespace characters in the converted character string are removed. Following the removal of any leading and any trailing whitespace characters in the converted character string, any remaining whitespace characters of the converted character string are converted to a single value, resulting in the converted character string being a resultant character string.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and software are disclosed for delivering customized content to clients with diverse content needs, such as clients from diverse geographical areas an language backgrounds. Customizable content is separated from the underlying code, which is used as a template for inserting localized content into a basic document framework as represented by the template. Both electronic mail and Web community customization techniques are disclosed.

Abstract: A method to provide user interfaces for multi-locale context-aware systems management problem analysis comprises receiving a request for information associated with a systems management event, dynamically identifying a first locale designation associated with a first user of a systems management tool and a second locale designation associated with a second user of the systems management tool, and the systems management tool concurrently displaying the information according to the first and second locale designations.

Abstract: Document fragments are managed by the use of fragment objects. Fragment objects contain a reference to a portion of a source document. Referencing documents contain a reference to a fragment object which delivers the content of the fragment of the source document to the referencing document. The source document can be directly updated through updating the fragment of the source document contained in the referencing document via the use of the fragment object. Source document deletion is controlled by storing the references to the source document by fragment objects so that no fragment object has a reference to a non-existent source document.

Abstract: A translation support device for supporting a process of translating an original sentence in a language into another language, comprising a partial expression setting unit, a dummy head setting unit, an original sentence replacement unit, a translated sentence obtaining unit, and a translated sentence replacement unit.

Abstract: A language processing system including: a forbidden word memory part that stores a forbidden word; a sequence candidate generator that generates a plurality of word sequence candidates where each words are described separately from plain text; and a word sequence estimator that reads the forbidden word from the forbidden word memory part, excludes the word sequence candidate containing the forbidden word from the plurality of word sequence candidates, and selects an estimated word sequence with the highest concatenation possibility of the words from among the plurality of word sequence candidates.

Abstract: When an input section is actuated by a user, a character is inputted, and a storage section stores therein the inputted character. On this occasion, when the inputted character is a vowel character, a control section causes the storage section to store therein the inputted vowel character and an intonation associated therewith. In a case where a vowel character identical to the inputted vowel character is successively inputted by the input section, the control section causes the storage section to store therein the vowel character and the initial intonation in association with each other, for a first input. At second and subsequent inputs, the control section does not cause the storage section to store therein the identical vowel character anew, but it alters only the intonation associated with the vowel character which has been already stored in the storage section.

Abstract: A globalization management system (200) for managing resources of multiple interrelated data sources (1021, 1022, 1041, 1042, 1000, 1200, 1002, 1202) corresponding to a plurality of sites (102, 104, 106) accessed through a communications network (20) is provided. The globalization management system (200) includes a plurality of target application interfaces (222) respectively coupled to the interrelated data sources through the communications network. Each target application interface (222) includes systems (212, 214, 216, 218) for converting a protocol of the respective data source to a predetermined protocol, and the predetermined protocol to the protocol of the respective data source. The globalization management system (200) further includes a global management engine (100) coupled to the plurality of target application interfaces (222).

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of handling localizable objects is provided. The method includes the step of obtaining an initial class containing localizable properties and non-localizable properties. The initial class is then transformed into a base-part class and a translation-part class. A localization tool for performing the transformation is also provided.

Abstract: A method for enabling input into a handheld electronic device having at least three selectable languages available thereon includes detecting a predetermined input a number of times and switching a selected language between one of the three selectable languages and another of the three selectable languages wherein the another language is an immediately preceding selected language.

Abstract: Grammatical element prediction is used to predict grammatical elements in text fragments (such as phrases or sentences). In one embodiment, a statistical model, using syntax features, is used to predict grammatical elements.

Abstract: A method of encoding Chinese character PINYIN into digital string and utilizing a key pad to input Chinese character to computer is described herein. The pronunciation of a Chinese character can be described by Romania form of 26 letters, and four tone indicators. In accordance with the present invention, a lookup table has been composed, allowing the 30 symbols to be grouped into ten sets. Each set is associated with group identification respectively. In operation, a key pad mapped with the lookup table allows individual symbol of PINYIN to be inputted directly using group identification as medium. Individual symbols are retrieved exclusively through the group identification and echoed step by step. A human-machine interface similar to an ASCII compatible keyboard has been established by the method for a small key pad compatible to phone set during the PINYIN inputting process. An inputted PINYIN is used to retrieve a Chinese character further.

Abstract: A method of multi-lingual speech recognition can include determining whether characters in a word are in a source list of a language-specific alphabet mapping table for a language, converting each character not in the source list according to a general alphabet mapping table, converting each converted character according to the language-specific alphabet mapping table, verifying that each character in the word is in a character set of the language, removing characters not in the character set of the language, and identifying a pronunciation of the word.

Abstract: An email generation method and system. The method comprises receiving and storing by a computing system, a first data object. The computing system comprises XML files. Each XML file comprises email templates. The computing system receives language identification data identifying a first XML file of the XML files. The first XML file comprises a first set of email templates. The computing system selects the first XML file in response to receiving the first language identification data. The computing system receives template identification data identifying a first email template of the first set of email templates. The computing system selects the first email template in response to receiving the template identification data. The computing system retrieves the first data object stored in the computing system. The computing system automatically generates a first email by incorporating first portions of the first data object into associated sections of the first email template.

Abstract: Fault-tolerant systems and methods to process and correct input errors are disclosed. Original inputs can be received, each original input being defined as mapping to multiple characters in a language, each original input having one or more associated proximity measurements. Original inputs that have proximity measurements with one or more non-zero probabilities for respective intended inputs are identified as potentially incorrect original inputs. Each of the potentially incorrect original inputs is expanded to the respective intended inputs, and each of the original inputs and each of the respective intended inputs are converted to characters in the language, each of the conversions being a combination of the converted original inputs and/or the respective intended inputs. Likelihoods of conversions of the original inputs and the respective intended inputs to the characters based in part on the proximity measurements are determined, and most likely conversions are identified for presentation.

Abstract: An automatic annotation transmission device including a memory, a processor, and a transmitter, is programmed with information related to a nearby photographic subject, and configured to transmit the information to a properly configured automatic annotation reception device. An electronic image capture device including a memory, a processor, and a receiver is configured to receive information from an automatic annotation transmission device, correlate the annotation information with one or more captured images and store the annotation information in a memory.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to generate alternate phrases from a packed meaning representation. The semantics of input items in a packed meaning representation are matched against a lexicon to determine initial entries in a phrasal information structure. Context, syntax and semantic information describing each phrasal entry are added to the phrasal information structure. Linear or other implications are used to determine a set of unordered rewrite rules. The unordered rewrite rules associate semantic information with pseudofacts such that a complete set of choices from the set of disjunctions in the packed meaning representation is selected. Semantic information associated with the unordered rewrite rules identifies entries in the phrasal information structure to be updated with the pseudofact of the unordered rewrite rule.

Abstract: An improved method, apparatus, and computer instructions displaying search results. A query is received in a first language. A snippet in the document containing the word is selected in response to identifying a document in a second language in which the document contains a word matching a query word in the query. This snippet is translated into the first language.

Abstract: A method, computer readable medium and system are provided which collect new words for addition to a lexicon for an agglutinative language. Sentences in the agglutinative language are retrieved from documents, for example from web pages. New word candidate character strings are identified in the retrieved sentences. The identified new word candidate character strings are filtered using a combination of a plurality of statistical criteria to generate a new words list. Words from the new words list are added to the lexicon.

Abstract: Systems and methods for software development in which the development of a base product proceeds concurrently with the internationalization and localization of the base product to produce multiple language versions of the product for polylingual simultaneous shipment to customers wherein one or more of the multiple languages can be uploaded by the customer in a single installation process.

Abstract: A method for inputting Chinese characters, English alphabets, and Korean characters by using a numerical keyboard. The numerical keyboard includes a switching key set for switching the numerical keyboard to a respective software for presenting the Chinese characters, English alphabets and Korean characters. The Chinese characters, English alphabets, and Korean characters are distributed in the keys of the numerical keyboard. The Chinese character is inputted by clicking keys representing first stroke of a traditional recognized component of a Chinese character to be inputted and, a first and a last strokes of a non-traditional recognized component. The English alphabet and the Korean characters are inputted by keys representing vowels, consonants and epilogs thereof and if necessary, other keys for identifying the Chinese characters having same input way are inputted, and the # key and *key are used as auxiliary keys.

Abstract: The present invention provides a numeric coded Pinyin and Zhuyin multi-character input method on a reduced keypad, in which each Chinese phrase is mapped to corresponding numeric sequences based on full syllable or initial consonant of a syllable inputting rule and the keypad mapping relation, accordingly, phrases of different phonetic pronunciation may be mapped to a same numeric sequence; in the case of consecutively receiving a numeric keystroke sequence which represents of several desired Chinese characters but pronunciation still undetermined, a processor immediately searches the phrases' numeric sequences which are matched with keystroke sequence and present these mixed phrase candidates to user even though these candidates may have different pronunciation; further, an initial syllable grouping and cycling rule is specially defined, along with a key for switching between character candidate priority and phrase candidate priority, additionally, define an equal-length candidate filtering code keystroke, a

Abstract: A method and computer-readable medium are provided for consistent configuration of language support between an operating system and application programs. According to the method, an integrated process is provided for receiving and implementing one or more language settings for an operating system and one or more language settings for application programs. The integrated process includes prompting a user for new language settings for both the operating system and the application programs. The language settings for the operating system may include language group support, user interface language, keyboard layout, preferences for standards and formats, and other settings. The language settings for the application programs may include preferences for a user interface language and a default language for use in the application programs. Once the language settings have been received from the user, the new settings may be applied and utilized in future operations of the computer system.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and software are disclosed for delivering customized content to clients with diverse content needs, such as clients from diverse geographical areas an language backgrounds. Customizable content is separated from the underlying code, which is used as a template for inserting localized content into a basic document framework as represented by the template. Both electronic mail and Web community customization techniques are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for checking the validity of a sequence of input characters according to the syntactical rules of a selected language is provided. If an input character may not begin a valid sequence of characters, or if the input character may not be appended to a previously input sequence of characters according to the rules of the selected language, the newly input character may be prohibited from being displayed singularly or appended to the previous sequence and displayed on the user's computer. Previously input character sequences may be edited by determining the sequence validity context of previously input sequences of characters.

Abstract: The disclosed system translates into different languages HTML documents available through the World Wide Web. HTML documents are translated by machine translation software bundled in a browser. Alternatively, documents are retrieved as needed, translated, and stored on a Web server so user requests are serviced with a document that has been translated from a different language. The disclosed invention expands usage of the Internet for non-English speakers.

Abstract: A multi-language jump bar system and methods for use in connection with a multi-language contact management computer software program. The jump bar system includes a plurality of user-selectable buttons which may be associated with alphanumeric characters from different languages through use of a character set in which each alphanumeric character is identified by a single, unique, numeric character code. The buttons enable rapid updating of displayed contact information from a contacts information database simultaneously storing contact information in multiple languages so that a user of the contact management computer software may more quickly locate contact information for a particular contact. A jump bar method enables assignment of character codes to buttons according to weights associated with each character code. Such weights may be based at least partially on the usage frequency of the alphanumeric characters associated with the character codes in their respective languages.

Abstract: At a first step, initial groups are assigned to buttons of an input portion and they are displayed on the display. One initial group is specified in response to the pressed button. At a second step, complex initials and predetermined syllables are assigned to the buttons and they are displayed on the display. One complex initial or one predetermined syllable is specified in response to the pressed button. At a third step, finals are assigned to the buttons and they are displayed on the display. One final is specified in response to the pressed button and a syllable is determined by connecting the specified final with the initial in the specified complex initial. The predetermined syllable specified at the second step or the syllable determined at the third step is determined as an input syllable.

Abstract: A system provides multilanguage text input in a handheld electronic device. The system includes one or more applications implemented in the handheld electronic device. The applications include a text input application requiring access to language data usable thereby. One or more language databases contain language data from a plurality of different languages usable by at least one of the applications including the text input application. An interface provides the applications with access to at least some of the different languages of the language data of the one or more language databases, in order that the applications including the text input application receive the different languages.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the invention enable a user to create multiple non-redundant views using metadata targeted at a specific audience that comprises language, regional, regulatory and/or cultural specific values. The word “audience” for the purposes of this specification means a group of document consumers such as people or computers that are associated with a language, country, region, regulation or culture. Audience specific data therefore is data targeted at a specific audience and audience specific metadata is related to the descriptive information related to the data, such as a table name or a field name for example. At least one embodiment of the invention makes use of rule-based inheritance in providing metadata values via layers that comprise audience specific data.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and program storage device for delimiting words is provided and requires adding an extensible vocabulary markup to a plurality of markup languages, wherein the plurality of markup languages comprises a knowledge representation, and processing a provided term from one or more vocabularies for use in the knowledge representation.

Abstract: A statistical translation memory (TMEM) may be generated by training a translation model with a naturally generated TMEM. A number of tuples may be extracted from each translation pair in the TMEM. The tuples may include a phrase in a source language and a corresponding phrase in a target language. The tuples may also include probability information relating to the phrases generated by the translation model.

Abstract: A method, for dynamic document localization, includes issuing a request for locale-neutral content, the request having a locale-neutral identifier. The locale-neutral content is received responsive to the request. Localized language content is built by applying a language setting for a current language selection to the locale-neutral content. The language setting includes a language-specific string in a strings data structure corresponding to the current language selection.

Abstract: The present invention uses spatial dictionaries (termed locationaries), for meaningfully checking and correcting the spelling of text on Geographic Information System (GIS) maps or other computer documents containing spatially, or coordinate-, bound text. Locationaries keep track of correctly spelled words and the geographic areas within which they are considered correctly spelled. In a preferred embodiment, locationaries are feature classes, ‘map layers’ of properly-spelled words or attributed features (objects). The invention selects such features from locationaries based on spatial criteria relative to the textual objects to spell-check. It then exports the attribute values to dictionaries that can be used by conventional spell checking engines. Once all errors and suggestions are found with such an engine and within user-specified criteria, a dialog is shown that contains a row per potentially-misspelled word found. From that dialog, the user can edit the word in the original textual object of the map.

Abstract: In a translation apparatus, a translation memory (32) stores (i) source language target language translation unit pairs and (ii) structural information for at least some source language translation units indicating a structural position within a document from which the source language translation unit was derived. A comparator (30) compares a new source language translation unit with source language translation units stored in the translation memory. Each comparison includes (i) a textual comparison and (ii) a structural comparison between an identified structural position within a source language document (10) from which the new source language translation unit was derived and the structural information for the source language translation unit stored in the translation memory.

Abstract: A data relay and information processing method including storing in a database section identification information for identifying language-dependent data and replacement data corresponding to the language-dependent data in association with each other, receiving server data from the server system, detecting the replacement data from the database section on the basis of the identification information contained in the server data, replacing the language-dependent data as contained in the server data by the replacement data, and transmitting the server data as replaced to a client system. Thus, even in the case where the language used in the server system providing a service on the Internet is different from the language used in the client system, it is possible to recognize the information from the server by the client with reference to the replacement data.

Abstract: A method and system for translating text from a source language into a target language is described. A source word table and a source structure analysis table corresponding to the source language can be generated based on the text to be translated. A target word table and a target structure analysis table corresponding to the target language can be generated based on the source word table and the source structure analysis table. A translation of the text from the source language into the target language is then generated using the target word table and the target structure analysis table.

Abstract: In a computer operating system having a user interface, a resource loader, and a registry resource database, a method for dynamically verifying whether the resource content of a resource module is compatible with the most current version of the operating system. Upon obtaining a request for a resource, the resource loader verifies that the resource modules remain compatible with the operating system prior to loading a resource from an alternate resource module. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the operating system has a multilingual user interface and utilizes resource modules that are language specific.

Abstract: A system and method is provided to manage different UI language settings in a central place by merging different UI language settings and related dependency data to an integrated UI language preference list. A set of API functions is provided that enables each resource loader to gain consistent UI language support by interacting with the integrated UI language preference list.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to generate alternate phrases from a packed meaning representation. The semantics of input items in a packed meaning representation are matched against a lexicon to determine initial entries in a phrasal information structure. Context, syntax and semantic information describing each phrasal entry are added to the phrasal information structure. Linear or other implications are used to determine a set of unordered rewrite rules. The unordered rewrite rules associate semantic information with pseudofacts such that a complete set of choices from the set of disjunctions in the packed meaning representation is selected. Semantic information associated with the unordered rewrite rules identifies entries in the phrasal information structure to be updated with the pseudofact of the unordered rewrite rule. Entries in the phrasal information structure not associated with false contexts are combined based on ordered rewrite rules.

Abstract: A method of determining Unicode values corresponding to the text in digital documents includes: providing a digital document containing information related to the text in the document, the information including at least one set of data selected from the group consisting of: the numerical character code comprised by a single byte value or a sequence of multiple bytes, the glyph name corresponding to the character code for simple fonts, the code-to-Unicode mapping provided by a ToUnicode CMap, and font outline data embedded in the document; obtaining the information related to the text from the document; and determining the Unicode values corresponding to a specific code of a specific font on a per-glyph basis by executing a cascade of determination steps for each code separately, the cascade being executed in a predetermined sequence using different sources of information.

Abstract: Methods and systems which utilize, in one embodiment, automatic language identification, including automatic language identification for dynamic text processing. In at least certain embodiments, automatic language identification can be applied to spellchecking in real time as the user types.

Abstract: Original instructions, regarding an original document having a structure (e.g., an object model), for combined static and dynamic aspects of layout, display and user-interface behavior, are converted from an original markup language and a styling language to a binary format by use of a compilation process. The compilation process is specific to both the markup and the styling languages. Alternatively, video content in any of various formats can be compiled into a binary format including one or more of layout, rendering, UI interaction, and dynamic aspects. The binary format is transmitted to a receiver with or without actual programming material, such as a television show. The received binary format is decoded for display and user interaction so as to be consistent with the original instructions. The binary format produced by the compilation process preserves the original document structure so that, after the decoding, the binary format can be manipulated.

Abstract: A system, method and computer readable medium for synchronizing web content is disclosed. The method includes retrieving a first web content in a first language from a web site, the first web content corresponding to a second web content wherein the second web content is a translation in a second language of the first web content. The method further includes dividing the first web content into a plurality of translatable components and generating a unique identifier for each of the plurality of translatable components. The method further includes matching each of the plurality of translatable components to a plurality of translated components of the second web content using the unique identifier of each of the plurality of translatable components. If a translatable component is not matched to a translated component, the method further includes designating the translatable component for translation into the second language.

Abstract: Various methods formulated using a geometric interpretation for identifying bilingual pairs in comparable corpora using a bilingual dictionary are disclosed. The methods may be used separately or in combination to compute the similarity between bilingual pairs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a terminal apparatus, comprising: a display, a memory, and a user interface for receiving a sample string including one or several symbols. In order to achieve a user-friendly solution for selecting a symbol string the terminal apparatus is configured to: retrieve, from said memory symbol strings with a first part that matches with a sample string and to display the retrieved symbol strings on said display such that if the group of symbol strings includes an identical first part, then at least for these symbol strings only the first part is displayed and only once, display on said display, in response to a user selection via said user interface, information relating to those retrieved symbol strings which have an identical first part with the user selected symbol string, and receive, via said user interface, a second user selection identifying a selected symbol string.