Abstract: A method for performing workflow comparisons for determining data migration readiness is provided. The method includes initiating a comparison run for a batch file, and splitting the batch file into multiple component workflows. Each of the component workflows are then scheduled for processing across multiple processing stages. When a component workflow is determined to have completed all of the processing stages: compute a difference between a baseline and a target system for the component workflow, and cross reference the difference generated with prestored rules as well as machine learning techniques to determine whether the difference can be ignored (e.g., excluded) or explained (e.g., already encompassed in the book of work). When all of the component workflows originating from the batch file passes, merging reports for all of the component workflows for generating a merged report.

Abstract: A method for controlling the material flow of goods to be conveyed in a conveyor system of a real warehouse by a virtual three-dimensional model, for which purpose the conveyor system of the real warehouse is virtualized in a central computer, for which purpose a virtual three-dimensional model of the real conveyor system having the dimensions of the individual conveyor components and the movement parameters thereof, including the actuator properties and the identity, shape and position of the goods to be conveyed, is stored, and the conveyor system of the real warehouse is centrally controlled from the virtual model, images of the goods to be conveyed in the real conveyor system are cyclically captured by sensors, and the virtual model is cyclically compared with the reality on the basis of the recorded images.

Abstract: A client device uses a hostname-based feature mapping table. A randomized MAC address and a hostname of the client device is obtained from the memory of the client device. A user interface receives a selection. to indicate the hostname is to be changed to a new hostname. The client device is associated with a network access device when the new hostname is determined to be unique. A list of features and associated rules are displayed in the user interface for associating with the new hostname. Features and associated rules are selected from the list to link to the new hostname. A feature mapping table is presented in the user interface to show the features and associated rules linked to the new hostname.

Abstract: Controlling a conveyor installation of a real warehouse having automated machines and persons that are virtualized in a central computer for storing a virtual model of the conveyor installation having the dimensions of the individual conveyor components and the movement parameters thereof. Images of the objects to be conveyed, automated machines and persons in the conveyor installation are captured by sensors at predefined short time intervals and identified by image recognition, and the positions thereof in the conveyor installation are determined. The virtual model is continuously updated with the identification and position determination of the objects in the central computer such that a virtualized real-time model is generated, and the real conveyor installation is centrally controlled with the aid of the model, where material flow control commands are generated for the real actuators for controlling the conveying movement of the automated machines to avoid endangering the persons.

Abstract: Systems and methods for are provided that make lifecycles flexible, so the behavior of the lifecycle can be changed dynamically at runtime based on certain conditions. Embodiments include a system and method that enables the use and reuse of lifecycle fragments in a lifecycle process. Lifecycle fragments can be discovered and executed at runtime based on input data and other conditions to provide flexibility and efficiency.

Abstract: An industrial integrated development environment (IDE) supports decoupled development of industrial control programs without requiring the programs to be initially bound to a specific industrial controller. The IDE system allows industrial control programs to be defined as smart objects within an industrial control project. These smart objects can be created without an initial binding to an industrial controller, and can subsequently be assigned to selected industrial controllers after development of the control programs is complete, or while program development is in progress. A smart object can be reused and deployed to multiple industrial controllers, providing a simple means to implement common control functionality on multiple different automation systems.

Abstract: A method for generating source code from one or more blocks of a block diagram that comprises at least two non-virtual blocks and at least one signal link between two non-virtual blocks includes: transforming the block diagram into an intermediate representation, wherein transforming the block diagram into the intermediate representation comprises transforming a first block having access to a multi-component variable; successively optimizing the intermediate representation; and translating the optimized intermediate representation into source code. Transforming the first block comprises: testing whether a block pair made up of the first block and an adjacent block comprises an equal assignment; and removing any assignments in which a reference to the same variable exists on both sides.

Abstract: Disclosed are a PLC system, and a method for controlling an input/output refresh period thereof. A PLC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: a memory for storing an integrated operation program in which an input/output refresh run command is added and compiled through a program supporter; and a central processing unit which sequentially performs arithmetical processing of a plurality of control programs included in the integrated operation program, to control an operation of a plurality of expansion modules, wherein when arithmetical processing of at least one control program among the plurality of control programs has been completed, the central processing unit outputs processing result data of the at least one control program for which arithmetical processing has been completed, according to an input/output refresh run command which is additionally input.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for workflow generation using multiple interfaces. In some implementations, an interface for defining a workflow having one or more operations for a computer system to perform is provided. The interface can provide options that are selectable to cause an operation from a predetermined set of operations to be added to the workflow. Data indicating user selection of an option of the interface corresponding to a first operation in the predetermined set of operations is received. Code that specifies one or more custom operations is received. The workflow is defined to include (i) the first operation based on the data indicating the user selection and (ii) a second operation specified by the code.

Abstract: In example embodiments, techniques are described for using workspace databases to provide workspace resources to customize sessions of applications. To write workspace resources a backend module of an application may obtain a write lock on a cloud-based blob storage container, and ensure a block of a workspace database to be modified is local in a cloud cache. It may execute one or more database commands to modify the block in the cloud cache, and change an identifier of the block in a local copy of a manifest that includes a list of the blocks of the cloud-based blob storage container. It may further upload the modified block and the local copy of the manifest to the cloud-based blob storage container, wherein the uploaded local copy of the manifest replaces the manifest in the cloud-based blob storage container.

Abstract: A program comparison apparatus includes: a set alignment unit that divides a comparison source-program which is a first FBD program into sets of program components connected to one another, and rearranges the sets in a line along a Y-axis direction which is a vertical direction in ascending order of execution, and also divides a comparison edited-program which is a second FBD program into sets of program components connected to one another, and rearranges the sets in a line along the Y-axis direction in ascending order of execution; a difference detection unit that detects a difference in the sets between the comparison source-program and the comparison edited-program rearranged as difference information; and a difference display control unit that causes the sets of the comparison source-program and the comparison edited-program that are rearranged to be displayed within a screen of a display device.

Abstract: A system and method of configuring monitor blocks and effect blocks associated with a process control system for a process plant includes causing a display device to display a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface indicating a first monitor block, a second monitor block, and an effect block. The system and method further includes enabling a user to input configuration data via the input device, including: (i) configuring one of the outputs of the first monitor block to serve as one of the inputs of the second monitor block, (ii) configuring an additional one of the outputs of the first monitor block and one of the outputs of the second monitor block to serve as inputs to the effect block, and (iii) designating at least one of the plurality of cells of each of the first monitor block, the second monitor block, and the effect block as a trigger associated with the respective input/output pair for the respective cell and corresponding to a condition in the process plant.

Abstract: A secondary device for a sensor and/or information system, including a display and a control unit, is proposed. Predetermined interpretation instructions are stored in the control unit. The control unit is configured to wirelessly receive a display instruction containing at least one interpretation information and at least one text information. The control unit is configured to generate a graphic presentation containing the text information using the stored interpretation instructions on the basis of the interpretation information of the display instruction, and to display the graphic presentation by means of the display. Furthermore, a sensor and/or information system and a method of operating a sensor and/or information system are proposed.

Abstract: A project management portal is disclosed that may include a graphical user interface (GUI) by which individuals internal and external to the enterprise may coordinate performance of tasks and communicate with one another to complete the project. The GUI may include a job list window that displays a plurality of selectable jobs, each corresponding to a job that has been created by a user, and a job details window that displays information associated with a job corresponding to a selected job within the job list window. The job details window may include any number of data entry fields that allow a job to be configured. In some embodiments, some jobs within a job list window may be dependent upon other jobs, such that data produced during performance of a first job acts as an input to be used during performance of a second job.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for interactive batch operations system enabling operation excellence and competency transition. The method includes collecting data related to a batch process from different departments within a batch processing facility into a common data repository; transforming the collected data based on provided intelligence; exploiting the transformed data in the common data repository; determining a best possible alternative for continued operation of the batch process based on the exploited data; providing a visualization of the best possible alternative of the batch process using a digital twin; and operating the batch process using the determined best possible alternative on a physical twin corresponding to the digital twin.

Abstract: A method includes storing, in response to marking by a user of an area of a displayed document, information on the marked area; displaying an icon representing the marked area; conducting the storing operation and the displaying operation for a different area; and creating, in response to an operation by the user for arranging two or more icons to be in contact with each other, a joined icon by joining the icons together; and combining marked areas represented by the two or more respective icons, according to a state of contact. A corresponding computer program product and computer system are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for applying extended reality to simulate an actual flow system, including receiving selection of simulated components of the actual flow system that are graphical elements, receiving component metadata for each simulated component that represents simulated component factors that affect the simulated flow from, through, or to the simulated component, receiving simulation connection metadata for each simulated connection between the simulated components that represents simulated connection factors that affect the simulated flow through the simulated connection, receiving actual data over time, simulating the flow over time through the simulated connections based on the actual data by applying a model using a set of operations to the actual data, the simulation component metadata, and the simulation connection metadata. The method further includes displaying via the extended reality user interface the three or more simulated components as connected by the simulated connections and the simulated flow.

Abstract: Systems and processes are disclosed for providing customized user interfaces for facilitating personal payment transactions. In some embodiments, disclosed embodiments may generate a dynamic and customized interface for effecting the personal payment transaction by, for example, providing one or more options for the payer to fund the payment. The disclosed embodiments may provide an interface that includes one or more suggested recipients for identifying the payee associated with the payment transaction. The disclosed embodiments may also provide an interface that includes one or more routing options to route the payment. The disclosed embodiments may also provide an interface that provides one or more communication channel options for parties associated with the personal payment transaction to communicate.

Abstract: Presented herein are embodiments for quickly identifying and recommending key performance indicators (KPIs) for network devices based on the type of network device and/or role of the device. The type or configuration of the network device may be obtained and compared to the capabilities of the network device. Operational or performance information of the network device, represented by strings, may be obtained based on the configuration information. Operational information that is not relevant to the configuration of the network device may be filtered out. The remaining operational information may be ranked as KPIs based on a relevance of the operational information with respect to the configuration information.

Abstract: A method, system and program for determining a fingerprint of a parameter. The method includes determining a contribution from a device out of a plurality of devices to a fingerprint of a parameter. The method includes obtaining parameter data and usage data, wherein the parameter data is based on measurements for multiple substrates having been processed by the plurality of devices, and the usage data indicates which of the devices out of the plurality of the devices were used in the processing of each substrate; and determining the contribution using the usage data and parameter data.

Abstract: A display processing system including: a state display unit which displays, for a plurality of parameters each having an upper limit value, a state value of each parameter for a predetermined period of time with respect to the upper limit value; a determination unit which determines, for each of the parameters, whether the state value is close to the upper limit value or not; a warning display unit which displays a warning to a user with regard to a parameter of which the state value is determined by the determination unit to be close to the upper limit value; and a countermeasure display unit which displays, for each of the parameters, a countermeasure for improving the state when the state value is close to the upper limit value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to automatically link process control graphics to process control algorithm information are described. An example method involves displaying a first process control image including process control algorithm information and displaying adjacent to the first process control image a second process control image to include process control graphics. The method automatically links at least some of the process control algorithm information to a graphic in the second process control image in response to user inputs associated with the first and second process control images.

Abstract: A machine vision system program editing environment including synchronized selection and/or identification of related features in a plurality of different user interface windows is provided. In particular, one of the windows is an editing window where a part program representation is displayed for editing by a user. In one embodiment, a user may select data or another feature of interest in a window that is not the editing window (e.g., a results window, or graphical workpiece inspection feature display window) and the associated part program instruction representation is automatically highlighted and/or selected in the editing window. Conversely, a part program instruction representation may be selected by a user in the editing window and the associated results or feature in another window is automatically highlighted and/or selected. User interface navigation, rapid program quality assessment, and overall part program creation and editing efficiency are significantly enhanced in such an editing environment.

Abstract: A method of executing a batch process in a manufacturing environment according to a product recipe, such that the product recipe specifies a plurality of actions and a plurality of parameters, includes performing at least one action of the batch process corresponding to a first version of the product recipe, receiving a second version of the product recipe, such that the second version of the product recipe is distinct from the first version of the product recipe, suspending the execution of the batch process prior to completion of the batch process, and resuming the execution of the batch process according to the second version of the product recipe.

Abstract: The illustrative embodiments provide for a system and recordable type medium for representing actions in a data processing system. A table is generated. The table comprises a plurality of rows and columns. Ones of the columns represent corresponding ones of computer applications that can start or stop in parallel with each other in a data processing system. Ones of the rows represent corresponding ones of sequences of actions within a corresponding column. Additionally, the table represents a definition of relationships among memory address spaces, wherein the table represents when each particular address space is started or stopped during one of a start-up process, a recovery process, and a shut-down process. The resulting table is stored.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed providing visualization of a production control framework. The system includes a storage medium stored therein one or more user interfaces providing a visual representation of one or more graphical elements representing one or more entities, the one or more entities comprising one or more work centers, wherein the one or more work centers each comprise one or more user interfaces. The system further includes a storage medium stored therein a job queue display within the one or more user interfaces and a plurality of tasks for each of a plurality of parts produced by the one or more entities.

Abstract: A machine vision system program editing environment includes near real time context generation. Rather than requiring execution of all preceding instructions of a part program in order to generate a realistic context for subsequent edits, surrogate data operations using previously saved data replace execution of certain sets of instructions. The surrogate data may be saved during the actual execution of operations that are recorded in a part program. An edit mode of execution substitutes that data as a surrogate for executing the operations that would otherwise generate that data. Significant time savings may be achieved for context generation, such that editing occurs within an operating context which may be repeatedly refreshed for accuracy in near real time. This supports convenient program modification by relatively unskilled users, using the native user interface of the machine vision system, rather than difficult to use text-based or graphical object-based editing environments.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that are capable of synchronizing an industrial process. The industrial process may include a plurality of process levels. A visualization group may be displayed, showing the various levels of a process. A transition group may be graphically defined that allows for the linking of the transitions between the various process levels. In certain embodiments, sequential function charts (SFC) may include expanded capabilities that allow for the visual definition, editing, and review of the transition groups. Such SFC embodiments may be capable of process flow synchronization across any levels of the modeled process.

Abstract: A machine vision system editing environment is provided for a part program in which a continuous stream of image acquisition operations are performed during a run mode. In one embodiment, a new common syntax and representations are utilized wherein continuous image acquisition operations are recorded in the same way as regular operations, with the running of the part program being performed in two stages. In the first stage, the portion of the part program that is to have the continuous stream of image acquisition is scanned for image acquisition operations, and the most efficient order for acquiring the images is determined, after which the image acquisition process is begun. Then, in the second stage, while the image acquisition process is being performed, the portion of the part program is scanned again, with the image analysis operations then being performed.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for facilitating editing of editable code in an interface device or similar apparatus. Properties of device elements are enumerated by a general purpose engine resident on the interface device. The general purpose engine enumerates the properties in response to a query in a design-time environment. The device element includes a specific property type and editable code consistent with the property type. A server module on the device serves the editable code and an editing environment from the interface device to a configuration station. The code can be edited on the configuration station in the editing environment and restored to the interface device. The technique alleviates the need for separate editing software or storage of the editable code in any location other than on the interface device itself.

Abstract: A computer comprises a chassis, a button provided on the chassis, and a memory containing executable code. The executable code is caused to execute as a result of a user pressing the button. The code causes a graphical user interface to be displayed to the user providing the user with the ability to choose at least between a computer-diagnostic operation and a recovery operation.

Abstract: A machine-implemented method for data conversion, which is adapted for converting a plurality of entries of component data in a bill of materials, includes the steps of: (a) reading the entries of the component data from the bill of materials; (b) acquiring a critical text set from each of the entries of the component data; (c) generating a converted component value and a converted component value range for the critical text set acquired from each of the entries of the component data; and (d) rearranging the entries of the component data in the bill of materials according to the converted component values, and displaying the rearranged entries of the component data together with the corresponding converted component values and the corresponding converted component value ranges.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for providing content previews. One apparatus operates to display one or more user interface controls as a foreground against a background on a display device; receive user input resulting in a user interface state that has an associated action; and display as the background a preview of the associated action. In another aspect, the user input gives focus to a user interface control that has associated content; and a preview of the associated content is displayed without further action on the part of the user. In another aspect, user interface controls are displayed; and giving input focus to a particular user interface control that has associated content causes an apparatus to play a preview of the associated content without further action on the part of a user.

Abstract: A planter monitor system and method that provides an operator with near real-time data concerning yield robbing events and the economic cost associated with such yield robbing events so as to motivate the operator to take prompt corrective action.

Abstract: A locked element and methodology are provided for use in a block diagram model of a graphical modeling environment. The locked element displays within the block diagram model but access to the functionality of the locked element requires authorization. Without authorization the locked element will not function. Authorization may also be required to access the implementation details of the locked element. Without authorization the implementation details of the locked element cannot be viewed or modified. In certain implementations, any code generated from a locked element without authorization is obfuscated.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that are capable of synchronizing an industrial process. The industrial process may include a plurality of process levels. A visualization group may be displayed, showing the various levels of a process. A transition group may be graphically defined that allows for the linking of the transitions between the various process levels. In certain embodiments, sequential function charts (SFC) may include expanded capabilities that allow for the visual definition, editing, and review of the transition groups. Such SFC embodiments may be capable of process flow synchronization across any levels of the modeled process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for developing microcomputer-based systems. A controller model having at least one parameter is simulated and, similarly, a plant model having at least one parameter and controlled by the controller model is simulated. A user interface then has access to the parameters of the controller model and plant model and optionally suspends the execution of the controller model and plant model in response to a trigger event. The user interface determines the status of the controller model parameters and/or plant model parameters at the time of the trigger without altering the controller model parameters or plant model parameters or the program code of the controller model.

Abstract: A field device is able to diagnose a broad spectrum of possible faults and/or states, and includes: structure for performing user defined, diagnostic methods; which has an input circuit, via which at least one input variable is fed to the structure; which has an evaluation unit, which serves for deriving, on the basis of at least one input variable selected by the user and at least one evaluating method selected by the user, at least one characterizing variable; which has a monitoring unit, which monitors the derived characterizing variables on the basis of monitoring criteria selected by the user; and which has an output unit, which, upon the meeting of a monitoring criterion, outputs a diagnosis associated with such monitoring criterion; and an interface, via which a user selects the input variables for each user defined diagnostic method, selects the evaluating methods to apply to the input variables, selects the monitoring criteria, and specifies the diagnosis.

Abstract: A method and a portable device controls output of a display unit to display information accurately and clearly regardless of a background image. Disclosed is an arrangement for calculating a difference between an arbitrary expression value of an arbitrary screen configuration element to be displayed on a given area of the background image and an actual expression value of the given area of the background image. Each expression value includes at least one of a color and lightness. The arrangement automatically selects the expression value of the screen configuration element based on the calculation result. The screen configuration element is displayed at the given area of the background image based on the selected arbitrary expression value.

Abstract: A mechanism for processing graphical block diagram parameter expressions is presented. The mechanism achieves optimal implementation of block equations in the execution (run-time) environment by defining a mapping between user-defined block parameters and a run-time version of the parameters. The parameter processing mechanism also pools like, non-interfaced parameter expressions, allowing reuse of both uniform and non-uniform data across constant block parameters in the generated code and during model execution. The parameter processing mechanism further maintains an execution structure that maps the run-time parameter expressions containing interfaced variables to generated code for the block diagram so that the interfaced variables appear in the generated code. This mapping thus allows for interfacing to the interfaced variables in the generated code from any execution framework.

Abstract: A method of executing a batch process in a manufacturing environment according to a product recipe, such that the product recipe specifies a plurality of actions and a plurality of parameters, includes performing at least one action of the batch process corresponding to a first version of the product recipe, receiving a second version of the product recipe, such that the second version of the product recipe is distinct from the first version of the product recipe, suspending the execution of the batch process prior to completion of the batch process, and resuming the execution of the batch process according to the second version of the product recipe.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to bi-directional communication between an Integrated Circuit (IC) layout editor and various generic layout and/or pattern data viewers. Further, the present invention provides a bi-directional control between the IC layout editor and the various generic layout and/or pattern data viewers and allows substantially simultaneous display of an IC design in various IC mask layout data formats. The IC layout editor and the various generic layout and/or pattern data viewers include various tools. The bi-directional communication connects these tools to form connected tools. Subsequently, the actions performed by a connected tool in response to user interactions are synchronized with the actions performed by other connected tools.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosed subject matter are directed to a graphical display that provides a visual enhancement in conveying a vehicle reading. In accordance with one embodiment, a method is provided that causes the graphical display to render a border of an instrument with a distinguishing visual attribute. More specifically, the method includes assigning a priority level to an instrument used to convey a vehicle reading. When an abnormal condition is identified, the instrument is assigned an enhanced priority level that corresponds to the abnormal condition. Then, the method causes the graphical display to render the instrument, wherein that border of the instrument is depicted with an enhanced visual attribute indicative of the abnormal condition. In this regard, the enhanced visual attribute distinguishes the instrument from one or more other instruments depicted on the graphical display that are not assigned an enhanced priority level.

Abstract: A planter monitor system and method that provides an operator with near real-time data concerning yield robbing events and the economic cost associated with such yield robbing events so as to motivate the operator to take prompt corrective action.

Abstract: A method of executing a batch process in a manufacturing environment according to a product recipe, such that the product recipe specifies a plurality of actions and a plurality of parameters, includes performing at least one action of the batch process corresponding to a first version of the product recipe, receiving a second version of the product recipe, such that the second version of the product recipe is distinct from the first version of the product recipe, suspending the execution of the batch process prior to completion of the batch process, and resuming the execution of the batch process according to the second version of the product recipe.

Abstract: A control device controls an external storage device with a plurality of storage units which can be driven and stopped independently. The control device comprises: a display control unit; a setting unit; and a control signal output unit. The display control unit displays on a display a selection screen that allows a user to select which storage unit from among the plurality of storage units to operate. The setting unit sets a storage unit selected by the user as an operating storage unit to be operated. The control signal output unit outputs to the external storage device a control signal for having the operating storage unit be operated.

Abstract: A device for manipulating containers, comprising a manipulation unit manipulating the containers in a predetermined manner, this manipulation unit including at least one condition detection unit which detects at least one operating condition of the manipulation unit and sends out condition signals which are characteristic for this operating condition of the manipulation unit, and including a monitoring unit for monitoring the manipulation unit, the monitoring unit including a visual display device for displaying information as well as a storage device in which presentation data for components of the manipulation unit is deposited. According to the invention, the monitoring unit includes an image manipulation unit which as a response to emitted condition signals provides image sequences on the basis of presentation data stored on the storage device, which image sequences may be output via the display device.

Abstract: An air conditioner with operation according to a user-defined curve and the control method thereof are disclosed. The air conditioner includes a main unit, the main unit includes: a receiving unit of user-defined curve for receiving the user-defined curve set by a user, the user-defined curve is used to define the coincidence relation between the needed air conditioning temperature and the time, and a control unit connected to the receiving unit of user-defined curve for controlling the air conditioning temperature of the air conditioner at different time according to the user-defined curve. The user-defined curve can be set by a keyboard of a remote controller by the user, the data of the user-defined curve can be stored in a memory chip and then can be sent into an infrared signal receiving unit of the main unit, a MCU control chip controls the operation of the air conditioner according to the user-defined curve.

Abstract: The integration of transactional workflows that are distributed across multiple contact centers is described herein. Respective agent interfaces can execute concurrently with applications running at two or more contact centers. These interfaces enable agents at the contact centers to conduct respective interactions with a customer. As the interactions progresses, the agents can enter data related to the interactions via the agent interfaces. The agent interfaces need not be integrated with the applications or the contact center infrastructure, thereby eliminating the expense of performing such integration. Instead, the agents can use both the application and the agent interfaces concurrently while interacting with the customer. Data entered by one agent via the interface can be made available to the other agent, thereby enabling the agents to cooperate with one another, and integrating the respective interactions into a cohesive transactional workflow.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatus, and computer-readable media are provided herein for declarative data binding and data type propagation in a remote workflow schedule authoring system. According to one method, a user interface is provided for binding a parameter in a workflow action rule to a data value provided by a data source. The user interface may include a control for specifying a data source and a data field to which the parameter should be bound. The parameter is bound to the data source and data field selected using the user interface. If the data type of the selected data source is identical to the data type of the parameter, an internal lookup may be performed to retrieve the data value. Otherwise, the data type of the parameter may be propagated to the data source during lookup of the data value.