Abstract: A method of increasing control precision of a path of a product in a leveling machine including: a fixed support cage; two leveling assemblies with parallel rollers, which are placed above and below the strip respectively; devices necessary to adjust the interlocking of the rollers; a mechanism for measuring leveling forces at least of two sides of the machine; and a theoretical pre-setting model. The method directly measures at least one value for the spacing of the leveling rollers, which is compared to reference values, and uses the members for adjusting the position of the leveling rollers to maintain the measured values equal to the reference values. The method is particularly suitable for machines used to level flat metal products.

Abstract: Method of forming a workpiece comprising (a) providing a tool and a workpiece, wherein the workpiece has an initial shape; (b) placing the workpiece and the tool in contact, applying force to the tool and/or the workpiece, and moving the tool and/or the workpiece to effect a change in the initial shape of the workpiece by forming; and (c) providing a jet of cryogenic fluid and impinging essentially all of the jet of cryogenic fluid on a surface of the tool.

Abstract: Various embodiments of roller hemming apparatus and methods are disclosed including one wherein multiple rollers are carried on a single mount to hem a flange in a single pass, another including induction heating and air quenching means movable with a roller to anneal the flange just prior to hem forming, and another in which friction from a rotatably driven roller heats the flange to reduce bending stresses during hemming of the flange.

Abstract: A system and the relevant thermo-electromechanical process with two superimposed devices (A) able to coil and uncoil a pre-strip (a) by reversing their positions, provided with outer (4) and inner (7) burners to respectively equalize and optimize the temperature along the whole pre-strip by means of special algorithms of the control software, suited to also control the speed, acceleration and deceleration, both in the coiling and uncoiling step, of the chuck (6) up to the advanced stop during coiling to let a segment of tail (c) of the pre-strip out of the device (A). A particular structure of the chuck (6)is also described.

Abstract: A method for bending a tube in a pre-selected geometry includes deriving at least one processing parameter from the geometry, applying a thermal source circumferentially to the tube to heat the tube along at least one circumferentially directed path in accordance with the parameter and actively cooling the tube to a pre-selected temperature. The applying and active cooling steps are alternately performed a number of times. A system for bending the tube includes a thermal source for heating at least one region along the path on the tube, a tube advancing module for advancing the tube, an active cooling module for cooling the tube to a pre-selected temperature, a processing module to derive at least one processing parameter from the geometry and a control module configured to control the thermal source and active cooling module in accordance with the parameter. The alternate heating and cooling are performed a number of times.

Abstract: A bending method for producing a coil using a thick wall pipe, comprising a simultaneous hot bending and pressing of the pipe by which it is possible to obtain a coil without welded 180° elbows since the return sections are integral part of the pipe.

Abstract: A printing plate bender for forming shaped edges on a substrate. The printing plate bender generally has a frame, and an elongate mandrel rotatably supported on the frame. The mandrel includes a substrate retainer supported thereon for securing the substrate thereto. The plate bender includes a first substrate guide supported on the frame and disposed adjacent to the mandrel. The printing plate bender further includes a heater disposed in longitudinal alignment with the mandrel and operatively connected with the mandrel. The heater is movably mounted to the frame and upon rotation of the mandrel is movable to a position wherein the heater is in close proximity to the substrate secured to the mandrel in order to assist in forming the desired bend on the printing plate.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the bending process of a stabilizer bar by locally pre-heating the stabilizer bar immediately prior to formation. By pre-heating the stabilizer bar, the stress in the stabilizer bar is relieved at the bending areas. This allows larger bars to be formed which would otherwise be outside of machine parameters. In the disclosed embodiments, the stabilizer bar is locally heated by induction coils or resistance heating at the bend areas.

Abstract: The present invention is carried out to supply a small sized and lightweight steel pipe bending apparatus so as to bring to construction sites, so as to keep thinning a thickness of the pipe at lower level and so as to obtain the pipe with a desired bending radius. The following apparatus realizes above-mentioned objectives of the present invention.

Abstract: A method is provided for bending a difficult-to-work metallic wire into a complicated profile. A predetermined length of the difficult-to-work metallic wire is prepared. Part of a portion thereof is held by a conductive clamping device. A first conductive pressure member is brought into contact with a first bending work position of the workpiece, while applying a predetermined pressing force thereto, electric power is supplied between the first member and the clamping device via the wire. Thereby, the wire is bent by a predetermined amount, which part of the wire thus bent by the predetermined amount is located on a conductive rod having a circular cross-section. A second conductive pressure member is brought into contact with a second bending work position of the wire, while applying a constant pressing force to the second member, electric power is supplied between the second member and the conductive rod via the wire.

Abstract: A method to control the drawing of rolled stock in a segment of the rolling line includes measuring the section of the rolled stock passing through is made by a first detector located at the outlet of the semi-finishing block and by a second detector located at the inlet to the finishing block. The method also carries out at least a measurement of the section of the rolled stock with a third detector located at the outlet of the finishing block, the drawing action being controlled and regulated by a control unit by comparing the measurements of the section at the outlet of the semi-finishing block, at the inlet to the finishing block and at the outlet thereof with the corresponding values memorized in tables in the control unit.

Abstract: A boost bend method of making tight radius bends in boiler tubes, such as bends having a radius of 1.times.D or less, in which a selected portion of the intrados of the tube is heated in a controlled manner thereby reducing the necessary tube wall thickness relative to the diameter of the tube for 180.degree. bends. Tubes bent using the method may have wall thicknesses of about 6.6% of the tube diameter and suffer less than about 7% thinning of the extrados tube wall.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is apparatus for fabricating a coil spring including axially opposite end convolutions having respective ends respectively knotted to the associated end convolutions, which apparatus comprises a frame, a coil forming device mounted on the frame and operative to initially form a coil spring including axially opposite end convolutions having respective free ends, a tempering device mounted on the frame and operative to temper the initially formed coil spring, a knotting mechanism mounted on the frame and operative to respectively knot the free ends of the tempered coil spring to the associated end convolutions, and a transport mechanism mounted on the frame and operative to transport the initially formed coil spring to the tempering device, and to transport the tempered coil spring to the knotting mechanism.

Abstract: It is possible, in a rolling method of a strip shifting one-side-tapered work rolls in the axial direction and causing the upper and the lower work rolls to cross each other, to appropriately set a quantity of shift and a crossing angle and to improve an edge drop satisfactorily, by utilizing the relationship of the three factors including the quantity of shift and the crossing angle for determining quantities of operation necessary to correcting an edge drop of the strip and the quantity of correction of edge drop corresponding to these quantities of operation in the form of the relationship between the roll gap between the upper and the lower work rolls and the quantity of correction of edge drop, by providing an effective roll gap reference position apart from the strip edge by a prescribed distance.

Abstract: A process for the continuous chipless separation of identical individual rings from tubular workpieces by using cutting rollers. In order to produce highly-accurate rings, preferably from antifriction bearing steel, the section of the tubular workpiece to be separated is completely encompassed by the longitudinal contour of the cutting rollers and the faces of the rings are produced plane-parallel and vertical relative to the workpiece axis. What is essential is that prior to the cutting process the tubular workpiece is heated to a temperature that substantially lowers the deformation resistances of the material used.

Abstract: A method for treating heat exchanger tubing to be expanded by fluidic or electromagnetic expansion. The tubing treatment reduces the increased material hardness of the tubing in areas where cold work has been imparted thereon. By reducing these areas which have increased material hardness, the tubing will have a substantially similar tube yield along its entire length and can therefore be expanded to substantially the same cross-sectional area throughout by either fluidic or electromagnetic expansion. After forming the cold work regions, the regions are annealed with a heat source, such as through flame or induction heating, and are gradually cooled to avoid the effects of quenching.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aneurysm clip (10) having a coil spring (22), a first arm (26) ending in a first clamping jaw, and a second arm (34) ending in a second clamping jaw (40). The method includes: (a) providing a cylindrical starting rod (1) of titanium or titanium alloy; (b) cold drawing the rod to reduce its diameter and increase its strength; (c) cutting the rod to form a single resilient member (12); (d) winding the member about a mandrel to form the coil spring while incorporating the deflection of the arms into the clamping force of the clip; (e) shaping the member into two end sections (16) forming the clamping jaws and two connecting sections (18) forming connecting elements for the jaws; (f) coining the two end sections of the member a temperature between 900 and 1000 degrees F.; and (g) bending the clamping jaws into a position assuring that the clamping jaws are parallel when clamped onto tissue (70).

Abstract: For economy of operation, as much as possible of the total length of a steel strip being rolled by a Steckel mill should be maintained at an acceptably high temperature. To this end, the trailing edge of the strip is drawn into the coiler furnace to the extent possible without losing driving control of the strip. This is enabled by providing within or in close proximity with the entrance/exit port of the coiler furnace a pair of preferably heated pinch rolls that drive the trailing edge of the strip (that has just completed a pass through the Steckel mill) into the coiler furnace as far as possible, leaving only a very short protruding portion of that trailing edge outside the coiler furnace. The strip may be left idle within the coiler furnace for as long a time as is required to bring the temperature of the wound strip up to a target operating temperature. Then the same pair of pinch rolls in or near the entrance/exit port of the coiler furnace drive the strip out of the furnace toward the Steckel mill.

Abstract: Machine to sharpen bars to a point, especially bars to be drawn, which comprises at least one sharpening assembly and at least one assembly for displacement of the bar in relation to the sharpening assembly, the sharpening assembly (31) consisting of two counterpart rolls (11) each of which contains on the plane of positioning of the bar a groove (24) including at least two sections of reduction, means (14-15) being comprised for the circumferential positioning of the rolls (11) at the desired section of reduction, there also being included at least one rolling assembly (27a) upstream of the sharpening assembly (31) and at least one rolling assembly (27b) downstream of the sharpening assembly (31), such rolling assemblies (27) operating on the bar on a plane substantially at a right angle to the plane of reduction.

Abstract: A stabilizer bar or a similar metallic tube product for vehicles, has a central portion and at least two bent portions forming legs. The bar includes a thick-walled metallic tube having in the central portion a wall thickness and outside diameter in a ratio amounting to at least 1/10. This tube has an outside wall portion bent with a restricted thinning, ranging from about 5 to 15%. The bent portions are bent with an average bending radius of curvature in the range from about 1.4 to 2.1 times the outside diameter of the tube. Apparatus and methods can manufacture stabilizer bars or similar tubular metallic products of the foregoing type. For example, a method includes the steps of fitting to a bending arm one end of the thick-walled metallic tube. An inside wall portion of the tube has a radial spacing from a bending center of curvature, no greater than the length of the bending arm. The tube and the heating zone move relatively, with the heating zone advancing along the tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for coiling strip, in particular, continuously cast thin slabs, which after leaving the continuous caster are wound into a coil in a furnace at a casting speed, and are payed out of this furnace at a rolling speed, whereby preferably two furnaces are preferably located one above the other for alternating coiling and payout. To improve an apparatus of the type described above for the coiling of strip which has only small thermal losses in a largely closed furnace, and has the smallest possible number of moving parts inside the furnace to achieve a high degree of operational safety and reliability. The invention proposes that each furnace has a threading opening for the strip which is largely closed by a pair of pinch rolls, and together with the pair of pinch rolls, can be pivoted around its horizontal axis, which corresponds to the coiling axis, from the coiling position into the payout position.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for forming twin-wall polycarbonate sheets into desired arcuate forms to be used for example for awnings. The apparatus is distinguished from known forming apparatus which are generally not effective in forming the polycarbonate sheets hereinafter described.The apparatus generally comprises means for preheating a portion of the polycarbonate sheet, engaging the sheet with the mould which is pivotally mounted to the frame of the apparatus, frictionally restraining the movement of the sheet with respect to the frame at a position spaced from the mould, and pivoting the mould so as to form the sheet.The present invention generally overcomes the difficulties in forming twin-walled polycarbonate sheets thereby allowing the material to be used in place of other conventional awning materials such as fibreglass and corrugated iron.

Abstract: A method of producing an electric-welded pipe by continuously shaping a steel sheet into a tubular form in a hot condition is disclosed, which is characterized by employing a forming roll arrangement of the constant pass-line type in combination with the downward bending system.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an electric-welded pipe by continuously shaping a steel sheet into a tubular form in a hot condition is disclosed, which is characterized by a forming roll arrangement of the constant pass-line type in combination with the downward bending system.

Abstract: Direct softening heat treatment of rolled wire rods comprises the steps of:providing wire rods by hot- or warm-rolling, and immediately following rolling, coiling the rolled wire rods in an annealing furnace. Apparatus therefor comprises an annealing furnace provided with an externally or internally built coiler for rolled wire rods disposed adjacent to a rolling line of said wire rods, the coiler being disposed so as to directly receive the rolled wire rods.

Abstract: A coil box apparatus provided between a roughing roll and a finishing mill at a hot rolling mill so as to coil a rolled material transported from the roughing mill in order to make the temperature distribution of the rolled material more uniform, which is provided with a controller for computing a stand-by time of the coiled rolled material in a coil box on the basis of a condition of proceeding a rolling operation of an advanced rolled material at the finishing mill of the downstream side process, and predicting a temperature difference between the outermost first coiled layer and the inside coiled layers from the second coiled layer of the coiled rolled material after the lapse of the computed stand-by time with reference to information of the previously stored temperature drop at each part of the coiled rolled material, so that when the predicted value is larger than the reference value, the coiled rolled material is covered on the surface of the outermost first coiled layer thereof by coil covers formed o

Abstract: During the heating of a moving wire (21) such as when the wire is being aaled, the wire is heated in such a manner that the energy applied to each successive increment of length of the wire is substantially constant. This is accomplished by causing an integral number of half cycles of alternating curent to be applied to each successive increment of length of the wire as the increments are moved from one sheave to another in an annealer (20). In one embodiment, the integral number of half cycles is achieved by adjusting the speed at which the wire is being advanced between two sheaves of the annealer in a manufacturing line. This also may be accomlished by adjusting the distance between the sheaves in an annealing leg of the annealer, or by adjusting the frequency of the applied power source.

Abstract: A method for improving the magnetic properties of a core fabricated from at least one strip of amorphous metal wound about itself to form adjacent laminations in the shape or a closed loop is disclosed. In accordance with the method, a force in tension of predetermined strength is applied to the loop from the innermost lamination of the loop outwardly. While this tensile force is being applied, the loop is annealed simultaneously and subjected to a magnetic field of predetermined strength.

Abstract: Line to cool wound bundles of rolled wire and rod, the diameter of the rolled stock processed on the line ranging from a few millimeters up to about 45 mm., the line comprising a head (12) to form coils of wire, a roller conveyor (13), a cooling tunnel (15), a reel (14) to collect coils and to form wound bundles of wire and a conveyor to discharge wound bundles of wire and rod, two Garrett-type reels (28) being included at the sides of the coil-forming head (12) coiling the wire.

Abstract: A method for preventing the camber of a two-layered clad metal sheet having a base layer and a covering layer of different metals which exhibit different amounts of thermal contraction. The method comprises developing a temperature difference .DELTA. T expressed by the following formula between the base layer and the covering layer during a hot levelling, by providing a greater cooling effect before or during levelling to the layer which exhibits the greater thermal contraction than to the layer which exhibits the smaller thermal contraction:.DELTA.T=f (.DELTA..alpha., .alpha., a, To)where,.DELTA..alpha.: the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between both metalsa: the clad ratio (ratio of covering layer thickness to total sheet thickness)To: hot leveller inlet temperature (.degree.C.).alpha.: mean thermal expansion coefficient of both metals.

Abstract: In a coiler-furnace unit comprising a coiler for coiling a metal strip, a sleeve (2), which comprises heating means (3) for heating the coiler mandrel (1) and is adapted to be axially displaced over the coiler mandrel (1), and a heat-insulating shell (7) associated with said sleeve, a uniform heating of the coiled strip and a low dissipation of heat are ensured in that the heat-insulating shell (7) is mounted to be axially displaceable toward the coiler mandrel (1) relative to the sleeve (2) and is provided with a passage slot (18) for receiving the metal strip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bending thick metal tubes is disclosed and is characterized in that thermal insulation is disposed inside the heated zone of the tube being bent, and that the thickness of said thermal insulation is great enough to considerably reduce the temperature gradient between the inside and outside surfaces of the tube in said heated zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing internal stresses of roller straightened rails. After the straightening operation the rail web portion is heated for a short time to temperatures ranging between 200.degree.-700.degree. C., preferably between 350.degree.-500.degree. C., and after reaching the desired temperatures the rail is cooled by air to room temperature. For the purpose of heating the rail is continuously conveyed in front of the heating apparatus.The inventive process permits to reduce internal stresses in the rail head and base portions to a value of less than 50 N/mm.sup.2 thus ensuring increased rupture strength of the rail.

Abstract: A continuous process for high speed fabrication of wire comprises the steps of directing wire through a first set of drawing dies to reduce the wire diameter to an intermediate diameter, applying a lubricant to the wire during the drawing process, annealing the intermediate diameter wire while it is still coated with some of the lubricant, controlling the tensile forces and elongation of the wire during the anneal, and drawing the annealed intermediate diameter wire to a desired final diameter in a second set of dies. The process is particularly well suited for fabricating fine copper wire having improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: In a method and an arrangement for winding and forming helixes of elastic synthetic plastic and metal wire the wire is supplied from a wire supply device, windings are then wound from the wire so as to form straight winding legs connected by head curves, the windings are then separated to provide distances therebetween, the separated windings are widened in correspondence with the distances between them produced during the separation and the finished helixes are supplied to a helix supply device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bending elongate workpieces, particularly pipes, by applying a bending moment to the workpiece while inductively heating a cross-sectional zone of the workpiece to provide a nonuniform temperature distribution along the circumference of this cross-sectional zone by means of an induction loop which surrounds the workpiece and by cooling the workpiece in at least one adjacent zone. According to the method of the invention, within a partial region of the circumference of the workpiece to be bent, which partial region is to be set at a relatively low temperature, the electrical current of the induction loop is branched off into a plurality of partial currents of which at least one is inductively directed primarily onto the cross-sectional zone to be heated and at least one other partial current is inductively directed primarily onto an adjacent zone of the workpiece, and the inductive heating of the respective adjacent zone is partially or completely cancelled out by cooling.

Abstract: A continuous process for high speed fabrication of wire comprises the steps of directing wire through a first set of drawing dies to reduce the wire diameter to an intermediate diameter, applying a lubricant to the wire during the drawing process, annealing the intermediate diameter wire while it is still coated with some of the lubricant, controlling the tensile forces and elongation of the wire during the anneal, and drawing the annealed intermediate diameter wire to a desired final diameter in a second set of dies. The process is partially well suited for fabricating fine copper wire having improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A thin metal strip is made by hot-rolling a strip workpiece, stretch-bend leveling the hot-rolled strip workpiece immediately after hot-rolling it, tensioning the strip workpiece with a predetermined tension while stretch-bend leveling it, and thereafter coiling up the workpiece. In addition the workpiece is rapidly cooled immediately after stretch-bend leveling it and before coiling it up. Thus the workpiece is stretch-bend leveled before it cools so it can be treated while still about 1100.degree. C., at which temperature it is still very plastic. The workpiece can therefore be deformed greatly while under modest tension, so as to produce a very thin product that is very uniform. The tension in the strip merely serves to keep the workpiece looped over as much an arc as possible around the stretch-bending rolls.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of metallic alloys in amorphous form are optimized in as-formed configurations by the dynamic annealing process of this invention.

Abstract: A device for feeding material in the form of a coil of wire from a fixture for receiving and rotating said coil of wire through a straightening apparatus and a heating station to a hot and semi-cold metal-working machine in an intermittent manner. The device includes a cold feeding fixture with one or more pair of rollers which act on the cold wire to pull the wire from the coil and through the straightening apparatus and a hot feeding fixture downstream of the heating station with at least one pair of feed rollers which act on the hot wire and urge the hot wire against a stop of the metal-working machine. The device also includes adjustable link means for driving both feeding fixtures in formulant synchronism with the metal-working machine.

Abstract: The magnetic properties of metallic alloys in amorphous form are optimized in as-formed configurations by the dynamic annealing process of this invention.

Abstract: A method capable of continuously manufacturing a metallic bent pipe having straight pipe portions at both ends of a bent pipe portion which have been subjected to the same heat treatment as that for the bent pipe portion.

Abstract: A coiler-furnace combination comprises a horizontal coiler, a strip guide which comprises two pressure rollers for forcing the strip against the coil and two part-cylindrical guide segments, one of which precedes the other in the winding sense and adjoins a strip transfer bridge for transferring the strip to and from the coiler, and a strip lifter. To simplify the structure, the two guide segments are secured to arms which pivoted on pivots disposed outside the heat-shielding hood and parallel to the mandrel. The strip lifter is constituted by the delivery edge of that guide segment which succeeds the other in the coiling sense. The strip transfer bridge consists of a roller conveyor and at its end facing the mandrel has a pressure roller for forcing the strip against the coil.

Abstract: An arrangement for producing double conical springs from heated rod-shaped material, in which one side of a conical-shaped spring is formed with a cylindrical end corresponding to the largest winding diameter. The end is then shaped to a conical form. After being transferred from a spring winding station to an end roll-in unit, the spring is clamped, and a shaping member is inserted radially into the spring, and moved against a stop. With the aid of a roll-in head, the cylindrical spring end is conically formed. After the shaping member is radially removed from the spring, the latter is released and transported to a hardening process.

Abstract: A method of bending a long metal member of constant cross-section by locally heating a narrow zone on the periphery of said member by means of a heating collar (5) which surrounds said zone, by exerting thrust (2) on one end of the member and by supporting its other end by means of a pivoting arm (3). The temperature of the heated zone on the periphery of the member is kept substantially constant by detecting the temperature of this zone or the size of the gap which separates the heating collar from the periphery of said zone at at least two points around said periphery, one of these points being nearest the center of curvature and the other being on the opposite side to the first.

Abstract: A method and hot bending apparatus for metal pipes in which the temperature of the pipe is kept constant during "gradation bending". The temperature may be adjusted by adjusting the power applied to the heater, or alternatively by adjusting the relative movement of the pipe with respect to the heater. While a feedback system may be utilized, a predetermined program is preferred under control of a microprocessor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing pressed parts from round stock such as steel wire wound on a reel, which comprises unwinding the wire from the reel, passing the wire through a straightening device, and then feeding the wire intermittently through a heater where it is heated to a temperature of between 600.degree. C. and 850.degree. C. and subsequently cut to the appropriate length and fed to a press where it is pressed to the appropriate shape.

Abstract: A method of forming electrical structures embodying the following steps:(a) providing a carrier sheet having electrodes formed thereon in spaced relation along a length dimension of the sheet, and(b) spirally rolling said sheet about a roll-up axis to bring the electrodes into radial registration, the rolling including transmitting roll-up force to the carrier sheet from a web being translated endwise, adjacent the carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing steel spring leaves. The apparatus incorporates successively arranged entry guide rollers with an inductor in-between, bending rollers, a cooler and exit guide rollers. An additional inductor with cooler is provided between the exit guide rollers to enable surface-hardening of spring leaves. The cooler, additional inductor with cooler and the exit guide rollers are arranged along a circular arc whose radius is that of a specified radius of curvature of the spring leaf.

Abstract: A process and a machine for bending elongated articles wherein the article is led progressively past a heating device heating a small band of the article, the bending taking place in said band, wherein for controlling the thickness of a wall portion lying in the bend one measures the longitudinal speed of said still unbent wall portion before this reaches the heating device and likewise the speed after this wall portion has passed the heating device, and adjusts the distribution of the temperature in the heating zone of the band by changing the heating pattern in dependence on the relation between said two speeds.