Abstract: There is provided a production method for a hat-shaped steel sheet pile including performing rough rolling, intermediate rolling, and finish rolling on a material to be rolled through hot rolling, and then performing bending forming, in which the material to be rolled is composed of a web corresponding part, flange corresponding parts, arm corresponding parts, and joint corresponding parts, corner parts as worked parts are formed at connection places between the web corresponding part and the flange corresponding parts and connection places between the flange corresponding parts and the arm corresponding parts, the intermediate rolling is carried out by performing rolling in a plurality of passes on the material to be rolled in a hot state by using a caliber provided to upper and lower caliber rolls in one or a plurality of intermediate rolling mills in which one stand is configured by one caliber, at a height lower than a predetermined target product height, the bending forming is performed in a hot state an

Abstract: A method for producing H-shaped steel, the method includes: a rough rolling step; an intermediate rolling step; and a finish rolling step, wherein: the rough rolling step includes: an edging rolling step of rolling and shaping a material to be rolled into a predetermined almost dog-bone shape; and a flat rolling step of performing rolling of a web part with the material to be rolled after completion of the edging rolling step rotated 90° or 270°; upper and lower caliber rolls of at least one caliber of calibers configured to perform the flat rolling step include recessed parts configured to form a raised part at a middle of a web part of the material to be rolled, the recessed parts being provided at roll barrel length middle parts of the upper and lower caliber rolls; and a side surface inclination angle ? of the formed raised part is set to 30° or more.

Abstract: Mill rolls capable of rolling long kilometers used for ESP production line and a method for rolling long kilometers using the mill rolls. The mill rolls include rolls (3, 4), a bearing box (2) and a roll shifting hydraulic cylinder (1), wherein the middle portion of the surface of the roll sinks inwards, one end of the rolls is frustum-shaped, smaller and smaller outwards, so that the roll surface forms a compensation ramp, and the other end of the rolls is cylindrical. The upper roll (3) and the lower roll (4) have the same roll profile and are positioned in the opposite direction. The mill rolls are characterized by reduced runaway of the rolled product and a longer service life.

Abstract: A milling apparatus includes a plurality of milling roller units each including one milling roller that is made contact with, by pressing, one surface of one of a plurality of differently angled plate parts of an elongated metal milling material and another milling roller that is made contact with another surface of the plate part by pressing. At least one of the milling roller units mills a plate part different from a plate part milled by any other milling roller unit. A plurality of the milling roller units configured to mill an identical plate part are installed in a longitudinal direction of the plate part. The one milling roller and the other milling roller of at least one of the milling roller units are movable in axial directions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for forming a round bar into variable shapes, comprising: a main body provided with a plate portion with a circular shape having a plate hole formed in a center thereof, having plate protrusions protruding to the plate portion in a radial shape, and a turn gear connecting portion formed at an outer circumference surface of the plate portion; a round bar forming portion coupled between the plate protrusions and having a slide mold seated on the plate portion and a forming roll coupled to the slide mold to rotate; and a turn gear having a donut shape, provided with a turn gear protruding portion with a circular arc shape having different diameters from a center in an inner surface thereof, and disposed between the slide mold and the turn gear connecting portion.

Abstract: Methods of forming a high-strength metal alloy precursor by tailor-casting strips having a tailored thickness across a width of a strip material are provided. The tailor-cast strips have varying thickness throughout the width, which can then be further tailor rolled to a final required thickness profile/tailored thickness. Such tailor-casting method can be conducted by contacting a patterned surface of a casting roller or a casting block with a liquid high-strength metal alloy in a continuous casting process. The present disclosure provides methods of continuously casting a strip having varying thickness across the width allows for improved product in subsequent processing, like tailor rolling. Methods of making a high-strength metal alloy structural automotive component from a tailor-cast blank having a tailored thickness are also provided.

Abstract: A method for rolling a Z-section sheet pile comprises rolling a curved preform of a web (16) in successive roll gaps defined by at least one roll pair comprising a grooved upper roll (26) and a grooved lower roll (28), wherein: a first corner (18) and an adjoining first part of the curved preform of the web (16) are formed in a first groove (42) of an upper roll (26); and a second corner (20) and an adjoining second part of the curved preform of the web (16) are formed in a first groove (46) of a lower roll (28). In the last roll gaps forming the curved preform of the web (16), the diameter of the lower roll (28) decreases in a discontinuous manner in the interval between the first groove (42) in the upper roll (26) and the first groove (46) in the lower roll (26), and the diameter of the upper roll (26) increases in this interval in a complementary manner.

Abstract: In a Turk's head stand, double inner frames are disposed inside an outer frame. A first inner frame is disposed so as to be adjusted in the vertical direction, and a second inner frame is disposed so as to be adjusted in the horizontal direction. Four-way straightening rolls and position adjusting devices are incorporated inside the second inner frame. Mechanical structures for convexo-concave engagement are disposed on faces of the respective roll chocks and yokes and the inner frames opposed to each other, thereby to guide the respective roll chocks and yokes, by utilizing descending motions of the inner frames, after connection with a pressing device has been released, to form the stack body in series, and to enable the stack body to be withdrawn from the roll stand.

Abstract: In a method for producing hot-rolled sections of steel with a rectangular or square cross-section, a substantially round pipe blank produced seamlessly by hot rolling or cold finished and welded and having a defined nominal outside diameter is initially produced and then formed at a forming temperature into a hollow section having the required cross-section, with visible edges C1 and C2 of the hollow section having a value ?1.5×t (t=wall thickness). The pipe blank has a nominal outer diameter determined from a reduction ratio of the pipe blank to be achieved and the hollow section dimensions to be achieved, wherein the reduction ration lies within a range of ?2% to ?13% and is determined according to the following formula: Reduction ratio R[%]=[(2×(H+B))??×D]×100%/[2×(H+B)].

Abstract: A rolling stand 100 in accordance with the invention is a rolling stand provided with three grooved rolls for rolling a tubular or bar shaped material to be rolled, in which three grooved rolls R21 to R23 are arranged in such a manner that an angle formed by pressing directions of any two adjacent grooved rolls of the three grooved rolls R21 to R23 comes to 120 degrees. With regard to a cross sectional shape of each of the grooved rolls R21 to R23 formed by cutting each of the grooved rolls in a plane which includes a center line of a rotating axis of each of the grooved rolls R21 to R23 and is orthogonal to a pass line of a material to be rolled, any one grooved roll R21 is provided with a first straight portion L1 extending vertically to the pressing direction in both side flange portions, and the other two grooved rolls R22 and R23 are provided with a second straight portion L2 opposing to the first straight portion L1 and extending in parallel to the first straight portion L1 in the flange portions.

Abstract: A method for the production of a cold-rolled profile having at least one thickened profile edge made of a metal strip is provided. For this purpose the metal strip is guided through at least one clamping nip formed by at least one guide roll and at least one lateral edging roll, wherein the roll axis of the guide roll is disposed parallel to the web level of the metal strip, while the roll axis of the edging roll is disposed transverse to the roll axis of the guide roll, and is lined up at an angle to the strip level such that in addition to the upsetting force exerted by the edging roll onto the strip edge a clamping force is also applied that acts on the side of the metal strip facing away from the guide roll. The edging roll may be configured in steps, and surrounds the web edge at least on the side of the metal strip facing away from the guide roll.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for profiling a tube of given length, whereby, after inserting the tube between at least one pair of rolls having respective coplanar, parallel axes of rotation crosswise to the tube, the rolls are moved onto the tube and pressed gradually against the tube, which, at the same time, is moved axially back and forth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mandrel mill and the like that is capable of not only enhancing the elongation ratio of the pipe or tube, but also suppressing a pinhole defect from occurring. The first means of the present invention provides a mandrel mill comprising a plurality of rolling stands in which two grooved rolls R11, R12 are disposed, respectively, the mandrel mill being characterized in that the roll diameter ratio for the first rolling stand and the second rolling stand is set at a value of 4.6 or over. The second means of the present invention provides a mandrel mill comprising a plurality of rolling stands in which three grooved rolls R21, R22 and R23 are disposed, respectively, the mandrel mill being characterized in that the roll diameter ratio for the first rolling stand and the second rolling stand is set at a value of 2.8 or over.

Abstract: A rolling apparatus for rolling angle profiles from rolling stock has upper and lower horizontal profile rolls rotatable about respective parallel upper and lower axes and together defining an open or closed roll gap that lies in a rolling plane perpendicular to a travel direction of the rolling stock. At least one pair of nonhorizontal edging rolls laterally compress the rolling stock and define a rolling plane extending perpendicular to the travel direction of the rolling stock. The rolling plane defined by the profile rolls and the rolling plane defined by the pair of edging rolls are not coplanar with each other. This rolling stand can do angle rolling in reversing and also continuous operating mode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of ground-buried-type solid insulation transformer includes producing a coil form into which an inner window is formed; winding a low voltage coil and a high voltage coil on the coil form to produce a first coil part; winding glass fiber on the first coil part to produce a second coil part and assembling a first mold into the inner window and then pre-heating the second coil part; putting the second coil part into a second mold and injecting epoxy resin and hardener between the second coil part and the second mold, and automatically molding and curing thereof under predetermined speed, vacuum, pressure and temperature to produce a third coil part on outer circumference of which an epoxy layer is formed; separating the first mold from the inner window of the third coil part and then after-treating and curing the third coil part; cooling the after-treated and cured third coil part and sanding and washing the epoxy layer, and applying semi-conductive coating material to the sanded part to

Abstract: A method for the production of a cold-rolled profile having at least one thickened profile edge made of a metal strip is provided. For this purpose the metal strip is guided through at least one clamping nip formed by at least one guide roll and at least one lateral edging roll, wherein the roll axis of the guide roll is disposed parallel to the web level of the metal strip, while the roll axis of the edging roll is disposed transverse to the roll axis of the guide roll, and is lined up at an angle to the strip level such that in addition to the upsetting force exerted by the edging roll onto the strip edge a clamping force is also applied that acts on the side of the metal strip facing away from the guide roll. The edging roll maybe configured in steps, and surrounds the web edge at least on the side of the metal strip facing away from the guide roll.

Abstract: Roll forming a round tube to a square tube without applying excessive load to the raw tube scheduled portions to become corner portions and shoulder portions. This invention structures the curvature of the rotation axis direction of the forming roll surface in a way that in relation to other raw tube locations (straightening precedes for the raw tube locations adjacent to the corner portion scheduled locations of the square tube. It disposes stands of four-direction roll structure at the forming roll stand furthest upstream and furthest downstream sides and disposes stands of upper-lower and left-right two-direction roll structure between the upstream and downstream roll stands, and by adopting forming roll with a structure having a curvature for constricting the raw tube locations to become the shoulder portions adjacent to the corner portions of the square tube at a smaller curvature than that constricting the raw tube portions to become the side portion centers of the square tube cross section.

Abstract: A rolling stand 100 in accordance with the invention is a rolling stand provided with three grooved rolls for rolling a tubular or bar shaped material to be rolled, in which three grooved rolls R21 to R23 are arranged in such a manner that an angle formed by pressing directions of any two adjacent grooved rolls of the three grooved rolls R21 to R23 comes to 120 degrees. With regard to a cross sectional shape of each of the grooved rolls R21 to R23 formed by cutting each of the grooved rolls in a plane which includes a center line of a rotating axis of each of the grooved rolls R21 to R23 and is orthogonal to a pass line of a material to be rolled, any one grooved roll R21 is provided with a first straight portion L1 extending vertically to the pressing direction in both side flange portions, and the other two grooved rolls R22 and R23 are provided with a second straight portion L2 opposing to the first straight portion L1 and extending in parallel to the first straight portion L1 in the flange portions.

Abstract: A method of forming titanium structures, and more specifically, a method of superplastically continuous roll forming titanium structures are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming a shape in an article comprising titanium, the method including, among other things, providing first and second rolling members, the first rolling members being conductive and the second rolling members being continuous roll shaping members; contacting the article with the first rolling members to transfer a current to the article to heat the article to a temperature suitable for superplastic forming; and with the article being in a superplastic state, contacting the article with the second rolling members to form the shape in the article.

Abstract: A method of rolling a material in two more continuous passes is disclosed. The method includes rolling the material with a flattened-shaped caliber in a first pass, and subsequently rolling with a square-shaped caliber in a second pass. The rolling is performed with a first pass caliber having a flattened shape, wherein the ratio of the length (2A01) of minor axis of the first pass caliber to an initial width (2A0) is (A01/A0)?0.75; and a second pass caliber, wherein the ratio of a diagonal dimension (2AS1) of the second pass caliber to the length (2B1) of the major axis of the material after the first pass is (AS1/B1)?0.75 to introduce the large strain into the material.

Abstract: A transformer and method of making includes first half primary and secondary windings as metallic circuits that are etched on a metallic cladding of a first liquid crystal polymer (LCP) sheet. Secondary windings are positioned in spaced relation to the primary windings. A second LCP sheet is applied over the first LCP sheet. Second half primary and secondary windings are etched as metallic circuits on a metallic cladding of a second LCP sheet. Respective first and second half primary windings are interconnected to each other and the first and second half secondary windings are connected to each other by conductive vias.

Abstract: A flange-forming apparatus allows a user to automatically adjust the device's roll forming stations, concurrently together, for changing the height of a flange formed into a metal web by the roll forming stations, e.g., for ductwork. The height is adjustable within an infinite range between set maximum and minimum limits. Each roll forming station includes upper and lower roll forming pairs, which cooperate for forming the flange or portion thereof. Each roll forming pair includes a first roll forming portion, and a second, coaxial roll forming portion that is axially moveable towards and away from the first roll forming portion. (The portions are in effect a laterally split roll forming die.) The second roll forming portions are rotatably supported on a plate-like adjustment linkage assembly, which can be shifted, using an array of motor driven screw members, towards or away from the first roll forming portions.

Abstract: A transformer and method of making includes first half primary and secondary windings as metallic circuits that are etched on a metallic cladding of a first liquid crystal polymer (LCP) sheet. Secondary windings are positioned in spaced relation to the primary windings. A second LCP sheet is applied over the first LCP sheet. Second half primary and secondary windings are etched as metallic circuits on a metallic cladding of a second LCP sheet. Respective first and second half primary windings are interconnected to each other and the first and second half secondary windings are connected to each other by conductive vias.

Abstract: A universal rolling stand with control of the space between the rolls comprises a pair of horizontal rolls and one or more vertical rolls with respective chocks, positioning housings and a guide for the chocks with adjustment tie rods (6, 7, 6?, 7?, 18, 18?, 19, 19?) anchored on one side to the housings and acting on the chocks for the adjustment and positioning of the rolls. Adjustment is performed by means of hydraulic capsules (8, 8?, 9, 9?, 20, 20?, 21, 21?) with two hydraulic chambers with dual actuation effect and a double stem at the ends of each tie rod.

Abstract: A method for casting and rolling preliminary sections, especially H-sections, and a device for the support, guidance and deformation of a metal strand, especially a steel cast strand (1), in a continuous casting installation for preliminary sections with soft reduction (9), wherein roll carriers (2) are arranged below the continuous casting mold opposite each other on each side of the cast strand (1a, 1b), the rolls of said carriers being in transport and/or deformation connection with said cast strand, and wherein to avoid segregation and porosity, the preliminary section is precast in the continuous casting mould with a bulge (6a) on the flanges (7) on the surface (6b) of the web of said preliminary section, and the bulges (6a) of the flange (7) and the web of the preliminary section (6) are rolled flat in the soft reduction area (9) in such a way that the outer surfaces of the flange (7a) and the web surfaces of the preliminary section (6b) are largely plane.

Abstract: A method of X-H rolling of a parallel flange steel structural shape or beam with an H cross section using a compact rolling group. In the first universal mill frame the vertical roll have roll surfaces inclined to one another at an angle up to 10° whereas in the second universal mill frame the vertical rolls have cylindrical roll surfaces which divide the H opening cross section with lateral surfaces of the horizontal roll. The structural shape is rolled in the second universal mill frame to up to 100% of the reduction in the first rolling mill frame.

Abstract: A modified cross-section wire material is formed into piston rings such as oil-control rings for use in an engine. An apparatus of the present invention for forming the modified cross-section wire material has a forming unit (15) comprising in combination a non-powered pre-stage four-roll turks-head (16) and a powered post-staged four-roll turks-head (17). Disposed in tandem and downstream of the forming unit (15) is a non-powered finishing four-roll turks-head (21). A forming roll of the powered turks-head (17) has a diameter equal to or larger than 70 times as much as a height-of a flange of the material. In forming, the material is kept at a tension equal to or less than 300 N between the non-powered turks-head stand (16) and the powered turks-head (17), and at a tension of from 50 to 200 N between the forming unit (15) and the finishing turks-head (21).

Abstract: A universal rolling stand with control of the space between the rolls comprises a pair of horizontal rolls and one or more vertical rolls with respective chocks, positioning housings and a guide for the chocks with adjustment tie rods (6, 7, 6′, 7′, 18, 18′, 19, 19′) anchored on one side to the housings and acting on the chocks for the adjustment and positioning of the rolls. Adjustment is performed by means of hydraulic capsules (8, 8′, 9, 9′, 20, 20′, 21, 21′) with two hydraulic chambers with dual actuation effect and a double stem at the ends of each tie rod.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-H rolling method for parallel-flange steel sections (supports) with an H profile, in a tandem operation in a compact roll group, consisting of a first universal frame, an upsetting frame located downstream of the latter and a subsequent second universal frame. The rolls of the frames have surfaces that run at a slant or vertically in relation to the roll axes. According to the invention, if vertical rolls comprising rolling surfaces that are inclined away from one another at an angle of between 0 and 10° are used in the first universal frame and vertical rolls comprising cylindrical rolling surfaces are used in the second universal frame, the lateral surfaces of the horizontal rolls, which together with the rolling surfaces of the vertical rolls form the H pass, are inclined at an angle of approximately 0 to 0.

Abstract: There is provided a multifunction rolling mill for rolling an H-beam including: a pair of right and left vertical rollers composed of flange thickness reduction rollers; web thickness reduction horizontal rollers; and a pair of upper and lower horizontal rollers arranged on both sides of the web thickness reduction rollers, having flange width reduction rollers freely moved in the vertical direction by retracting mechanisms. In the case of reduction of flange thickness and web thickness rolling, the flange width reduction rollers of the above horizontal rollers are moved upward and downward so that the flange width reduction rollers of the horizontal rollers do not interfere with the vertical rollers.

Abstract: A universal rolling mill stand with horizontal and vertical rolls, adjustably supported in two parallel roll posts is disclosed. The universal rolling mill stand enables a simple construction and operational process if the horizontal rolls are received, without the help of installation pieces in bearings disposed in the roll posts 3, operator side roll post with the bearings face away from the drive elements and can be moved away in rolling axis direction of the horizontal rolls, from the other roll post. Vertical rolls, supported in adapters, are slid into guide frames solidly connected with the roll posts.

Abstract: In a rolling method for a profiled section performed in a universal roll stand with horizontal rolls and vertical rolls having a vertical roll center, hydraulic cylinder units configured to adjust the horizontal rolls are provided. The horizontal rolls are adjusted with the hydraulic cylinder units, based on a preset nominal horizontal roll gap, toward one another to form an actual horizontal roll gap, wherein the horizontal rolls are adjusted with the preset nominal horizontal roll gap symmetrically relative to the vertical roll centers. An additional nominal value is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder units and, based on the additional nominal value, the horizontal rolls are vertically adjusted in the same direction by the same amount. The vertical rolls are adjusted toward the horizontal rolls to form actual vertical roll gaps. A universal roll stand for performing the device is also described.

Abstract: A method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections by means of roll stand arrangements which operate in reversing operation and include a compact rolling group composed of a first universal stand at the entry side and a second universal stand at the exit side and an intermediate edging stand arranged between the universal stands, and a roughing group arranged in front of the compact rolling group and composed of vertical roll stands and horizontal roll stands and/or universal stands. A rectangular preliminary section or a preliminary section having the approximate final dimensions is preshaped in the roll stands of the roughing rolling group in a number of shape changing passes and/or shape reduction passes, possibly reversing with or without the use of selectable grooves. Subsequently, the section is further shaped in the compact rolling group in several shape changing passes or shape reduction passes in the universal stand on the entry side.

Abstract: In a calibration method for a universal roll stand with horizontal rolls and vertical rolls, wherein the horizontal rolls are supported in upper and lower horizontal chocks and the vertical rolls are supported in vertical chocks and wherein the horizontal rolls are configured to be screwed down on one another and the vertical rolls are configured to be screwed down on the horizontal rolls, the vertical chocks are moved between the horizontal chocks such that vertical roll gaps remain between the horizontal rolls and the vertical rolls. Subsequently, spacers are arranged between the vertical chocks and at least one of the upper and the lower horizontal chocks. The horizontal chocks are advanced toward one another until the horizontal chocks contact the vertical chocks or the spacers, wherein the horizontal chocks during advancing are loaded maximally with an advancing force. The horizontal chocks are loaded after completion of advancing with a calibration force which is greater than the advancing force.

Abstract: A precision-rolling process for producing rolled stock in bar or wire form while maintaining tight shape and size tolerances is characterized, for the purpose of providing good accessibility to the roll stands, by the combination of the following features: rolling of the stock in at least one two-high roll stand with an open pass, starting from any desired cross section, to form rolled stock which is polygonal, in particular tetragonal, in cross section, guiding the rolled stock over a predetermined distance along one or more longitudinal edges and/or along those surfaces of the rolled stock which adjoin longitudinal edges, to a further roll stand, and subsequent rolling to form rolled stock which is circular in cross section in at least one closed pass, in which rolling forces act on and deform the rolling stock in a star shape from at least three directions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a universal rolling mill in which rolls including width-variable rolling rolls can be replaced at a time even if the universal rolling mill is of a type in which a yoke is caused to recede upward. A concrete structure of the invention is the universal rolling mill including a pair of width-variable rolling rolls each of the rolls having a driving portion (housed in a support box) detachably joined to an end portion of a roll shaft on an operating side for varying a rolling width, the pair of width-variable rolling rolls being used as horizontal rolls, in which a receiving/passing device for receiving and passing the driving portion of an upper width-variable rolling roll from and to the rolling mill is mounted to a yoke for receiving reaction force of an upright roll on the operating side.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining and setting the center of a roll stand and adjusting positions of a roll stand, wherein the bearing chocks of the horizontal rolls have processed planar support surfaces located opposite each other and preferably parallelepiped-shaped spacer pieces with defined dimensions are placed on these support surfaces. Defined pressures are applied to the spacer pieces by adjusting the rolls, wherein the resulting adjustment positions are determined and used as actual values for the position determining system which controls the roll stand during the rolling operation.

Abstract: A method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections by means of roll stand arrangements which operate in reversing operation and include a compact rolling group composed of a first universal stand at the entry side and a second universal stand at the exit side and an intermediate edging stand arranged between the universal stands, and a roughing group arranged in front of the compact rolling group and composed of vertical roll stands and horizontal roll stands and/or universal stands. A rectangular preliminary section or a preliminary section having the approximate final dimensions is preshaped in the roll stands of the roughing rolling group in a number of shape changing passes and/or shape reduction passes, possibly reversing with or without the use of selectable grooves. Subsequently, the section is further shaped in the compact rolling group in several shape changing passes or shape reduction passes in the universal stand on the entry side.

Abstract: A rolling train for rolling flat steel using universal stands having--instead of vertical rolls-adjustable support members for pairs of loose vertical rollers arranged in the areas of the stands. The rolling train includes a roughing rolling group with vertical two-high stand or universal stand and horizontal two-high stand and a compact rolling group composed of two tandem universal stands and arranged following the roughing rolling group, wherein the two universal stands of the compact rolling group are equipped with non-driven adjustable vertical rollers.

Abstract: A universal roll stand including a multiple-part stationary roll housing on the drive side and a multiple-part roll housing on the operator side which can be moved away, wherein the housings are connected to each other through hydraulically pretensioned tie rods or the like. The roll housings are composed of conventional two-high housing frames and vertical frames which can be fixedly anchored to the two-high housing frames. The vertical frames may be composed of several parts and include two flange-mounted beams arranged spaced apart from each other by the distance between the housing beams of the roll stand and a crosshead connected to the flange-mounted beams.

Abstract: A rolling train for rolling flat steel using universal stands having--instead of vertical rolls--adjustable support members for pairs of loose vertical rollers arranged in the areas of the stands. The rolling train includes a roughing rolling group with vertical two-high stand or universal stand and horizontal two-high stand and a compact rolling group composed of two tandem universal stands and arranged following the roughing rolling group, wherein the two universal stands of the compact rolling group are equipped with non-driven adjustable vertical rollers.

Abstract: A horizontal roll guide device HG or a friction guide device FG is disposed in front, and in the proximity, of a finish universal mill FU of a rolling process of a shape steel having a flange and a web so as to restrict the center portion of the web in the transverse direction, the finish universal mill includes barrel width-variable horizontal rolls 1a and 1b, and axes XV of vertical rolls 2a and 2b are moved by a distance d on the entry side of the rolling direction relatively to the axes XH of the barrel width-variable horizontal rolls 1a and 1b to as to restrict the web. Due to the synergistic effect of these two restriction effects, web curving and web off-center of the web when the web of the shape steel is rolled from axial direction by the vertical rolls 2a and 2b by setting the roll width of the barrel width-variable horizontal rolls can be restricted. Accordingly, a variety of shape steels having a flange and various web heights can be produced very accurately.

Abstract: A device for changing the vertical position of the vertical rolls in universal roll stands for rolling girders of different heights, wherein the vertical cross section of the housing of the bearing chock is constructed asymmetrically and the vertical distances of the planes of the two slideways of the bearing chock from the horizontal longitudinal center plane of the vertical roll are dimensioned differently. The increase of the distance between the roller table and the center of the vertical roll can also be achieved by shims which can be placed and fastened on horizontal guide surfaces of the bearing chocks of the vertical rolls of the universal roll stand.

Abstract: A universal roll stand with a divided housing on the operator side, wherein a vertical housing stirrup engages between the upper and lower separating lines or planes of separation of the housing. A transfer element overlapping the two separating lines for transmitting the vertical forces between the upper and lower housing parts is arranged in each lateral housing groove arranged on both sides of the roll housing on the operator side.

Abstract: A rolling plant for rolling all types of finished sections from flat blooms or preliminary sections with close to final dimensions, wherein the blooms or preliminary sections arrive from a continuous casting plant and may be stored in reheating furnaces arranged in front of the plant and/or may be maintained at rolling temperature. The rolling plant includes a compact rolling group with two universal stands arranged closely one behind the other and an edging stand arranged between the universal stands. A roughing group is arranged in front of and parallel offset to the compact rolling group, wherein the roughing group is composed of a group of a vertical stand, a horizontal stand and a universal stand arranged closely one behind the other.

Abstract: A method of rolling steel sections, particularly in a universal section mill, wherein X-shape rolling and H-shape rolling are carried out alternatingly and specifically directed cooling of the steel section is carried out during rolling. During roughing rolling in a X-shaped groove a cooling water channel is formed at each side of the steel section at the connecting locations between web and flange. The roll cooling water flowing off from the H-shaped rolls is concentrated in the cooling water channels. An additional quantity of water may be added either without pressure or in the form of spray water to the concentrated roll cooling water.

Abstract: A method of rolling finished sections from a preliminary section by initially carrying out five or more passes and reversing passes between a universal stand and a horizontal stand, wherein profiled horizontal rolls of the universal stand form in the section two indentations located opposite of each other and offset relative to a longitudinal center of the section. Subsequently, head and flange projections of an emerging rail section are preshaped and the indentations are laterally reduced by one of alternative grooves of a horizontal stand of a preliminary rolling group. The emerging rail section is rolled in a reversing operation after three or more passes in the universal stand and in two alternative grooves of an intermediate upsetting stand. The section is finish-rolled into a rail section in an additional pass through the universal stand.

Abstract: The method of rolling a wide flange beam results in an improved accuracy of the web thickness and the flange thickness in a universal rolling mill. Rolling a wide flange beam in a universal rolling mill having horizontal rolls and vertical rolls, switching over the positional control gain for each of drives for the horizontal rolls and drives for the vertical rolls by means of measured values of rolling load on the horizontal rolls and the vertical rolls during rolling, or filtering a control amount of the horizontal roll position calculated from a rolling load acting on the horizontal rolls and a control amount of the vertical roll position calculated from a rolling load acting on the vertical rolls to achieve different responses of horizontal roll rolling and vertical roll rolling, results in reducing mutual interference between horizontal roll rolling and vertical roll rolling caused through the rolling material.

Abstract: A rolling method, and an apparatus therefor, capable of improving a fundamental unit of rolling rolls, dimensional accuracy and rolling stability, and having high productivity are described. The rolling method, and the apparatus therefor, reverse roll a to-be-rolled material having a dog bone-like shape and rough rolled by a single or plurality of breakdown mills BD, etc, by using an intermediate universal mill UR for carrying out X-shape rolling, a quick shift edger mill QE having a plurality of box calibers having different sizes, for carrying out edging rolling by quickly shifting one of the box calibers corresponding to a pass schedule, and a finish universal mill UF for carrying out H-shape rolling for raising flanges on both sides.

Abstract: A spring washer improves resistance to loosening of fasteners tightened thereon. The spring washer is stronger than prior art devices. On the upper and lower surfaces of the spring washer, approximately 1/5-1/4 of the width inward from the outer perimeter is formed without V-shaped grooves. The remaining flat portions are formed with V-shaped grooves in various patterns. These V-shaped grooves increase the coefficient of friction and resist loosening of the spring washer.