Abstract: Hot rolling stock (1) made of metal which is rolled in at least one roll stand (2) and then cooled in a cooling section (5) arranged downstream of the at least one roll stand (2). Sound generated by means of a sound generator arrangement (8) is coupled into the rolling stock (1) by a coupling device (1) so that a standing sound wave is formed at least in the region of the rolling stock (1) which is located in the vicinity of the coupling device (10).

Abstract: A method for simply producing components suitable for use under high loads and risks of wear and which have a core portion which consists of a metal material and a wear-resistant layer on a peripheral surface of the core portion is disclosed. A core portion blank is provided and consists of the metal material whose dimension in a first spatial direction is greater than the desired finished dimension of the core and whose second dimension is smaller than the desired finished dimension is provided. A material that forms a wear-resistant layer in the component is applied to a peripheral surface of the core portion blank. The composite body is shaped to form the component. The component may then be optionally finished.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a feeding roller configured to feed a document, a separation roller configured to pinch the document with the feeding roller at a nipping position for separation, a first sending roller located downstream of the feeding roller and configured to send the document downstream, a read sensor located downstream of the first sending roller and configured to read the document, and a second sending roller located downstream of the read sensor and configured to send the document downstream. A guide surface is disposed downstream of the nipping position and below a common tangent line to the first sending roller and the second sending roller. The guide surface is positioned to come in contact with a front end of the document sent downward from the nipping position beyond the common tangent line to guide the document upward toward the common tangent line.

Abstract: Provided is a shaping device for a roller electrode for seam welding that prepares shapes for a first roller electrode and a second roller electrode attached to an arm of a robot. This shaping device is provided independently from the robot and disposed within rotational range of the arm, and is provided with a first roller and a second roller that are disposed on a line orthogonal to a line joining the rotational centers of the first and second roller electrodes and are in contact with the outer circumferences of the first and second roller electrodes.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating and monitoring objects incorporating a metal material. The objects are treated with a treatment fluid in one or more treatment zone(s) and the treatment fluid is then removed from and/or dried on the objects. To provide constant quality monitoring, at least one portion of at least one object respectively is optically detected and calorimetrically evaluated. In this manner, discoloration of metal materials caused by the treatment can be promptly detected.

Abstract: A servo-rotating all-function tool module is provided for use with a spring forming machine and includes an axle rotating tool module that is mounted, together with an axle, to a front wall board and includes a tool and an axle slide base mounted to the axle, so that the axle slide base is acted upon by a force to slide along the axle, the tool is caused to press downward or return upward. A servo transmission module assembly is mounted to the spring forming machine to provide a driving force for causing the axle slide base to slide along the axle. Since the tool module is mounted, together with the axle, to a front wall board of the spring forming machine, the direction in which the tool approaches a wire can be varied by rotating the axle in order to conduct operations of bending at different angles and twisting/looping.

Abstract: A servo-rotating all-function tool module is provided for use with a spring forming machine and includes an axle rotating tool module and a servo transmission module assembly. The axle rotating tool module is mounted to the axle and includes an axle slide base and a tool, so that the axle slide base is acted upon by a force to slide along the axle, the tool is caused to press downward or return upward. The servo transmission module assembly is mounted to the spring forming machine to provide a driving force for causing the axle slide base to slide along the axle. Since the tool module is mounted to an axle mounted to a front wall board of the spring forming machine, the direction in which the tool approaches a wire can be varied by rotating the axle in order to conduct operations of bending at different angles and twisting/looping.

Abstract: A surgical bender for use in bending and/or plastically deforming a variety of types and/or shapes of materials in medical and/or surgical applications. Various embodiments include a compact and easily sterilizable multiple fulcrum arrangement that utilizes a series of interlocked actuating lever arms to greatly multiply an actuating force applied to a pair of handles for application to an intended material.

Abstract: The current invention refers to a paintless dent removal tip having a rare earth magnetic sphere which is free to rotate within a mounting cup and attach itself to the inside of a motor vehicle panel at a point on the magnet dictated by its polarity, so that maximum magnetic flux attracts a ferromagnetic ball trace on the panel's outer surface, indicating the exact position of the part of the magnet touching the panel, regardless of the angle at which the tip is held, and so showing the user where to apply pressure to remove a dent.

Abstract: A composite rolling mill roll according to the present invention includes: a steel roll shaft; and an outer layer provided around the roll shaft, in which the outer layer includes a sintered body including a base metal which is an iron alloy, a fibrous inclusion which consists of a ceramic and has an average diameter of 1 to 30 ?m and an average aspect ratio of 10 to 500, and a particulate inclusion which consists of a ceramic and has an average diameter of powder 1 to 100 ?m, an amount of the fibrous inclusion is 5 to 40 volume % relative to the volume of the sintered body, and an amount of the particulate inclusion is 5 to 30 volume % relative to the volume of the sintered body.

Abstract: A method of rolling NiW alloy tapes for coated conductors belongs to the technical field of metal materials rolling. According to the method, a cylindrical NiW alloy ingot with a diameter not less than 10 mm is used to be rolled back and forth along the axial direction as a rolling direction, wherein the content of W is 5˜7 at. %, and the axis of this ingot is perpendicular to the plane where the axes of working rollers are located. During rolling process, the cross sectional area reduction of the ingot is retained at 5% per pass. When the total cross sectional area reduction of the ingot is larger than 98% and the thickness of the tape is down to 60˜100 ?m, the rolling is stopped, and thus the NiW alloy tape is obtained.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing a honeycomb body is described provided. Said system having: a forming mold with a plurality of sub-molds, which are movable so that they can be opened and closed; a tightening mold for tightening said forming mold; rolling pin(s), which can be inserted into and pulled out of the inner volume of said forming mold and can rotate around a rotation axis; wherein said tightening mold has a shape that cooperates with the shape of said forming mold, so that an action of said tightening mold causes tightening of said forming mold.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing large diameter tapered roller bearing cages includes beginning with a metal strip, coil or plate of cage blank material and feeding it into a rolling mill. The rolling mill includes a pair of unparallel forming rolls disposed to define a wedge-shaped gap therebetween. As the cage blank material is fed through the wedge-shaped gap, one lateral side of the cage blank material is plastically deformed to reduce its thickness and to elongate its length, while slight or no deformation is introduced into the other lateral side, thus forming the cage blank into an arc shape. A third roll disposed at the exit side of the forming rolls bends the rolled cage blank into a circular conical ring. Adjacent butt ends of the formed conical ring cage blank are aligned and joined together during the assembly process to form the large diameter tapered roller bearing cage.

Abstract: A fishing net includes a hoop formed of a section of tubing bent to a loop-like configuration, the hoop defining a net opening. An elongate handle is secured to the hoop at a proximal portion thereof, and a net bag is supported on the hoop. The hoop is formed with a cross-sectional profile that varies along at least a portion of the length of the section of tubing. A method of forming a hoop for a fishing net is also provided.

Abstract: In performing cold rolling on a seamless pipe as a mother pipe, it is possible to inhibit the generation of metal chips from the end portions of the mother pipe, and to prevent the formation of indentations therein that may be caused by the metal chips to thereby provide good surface appearance. This is made possible by using a mother pipe (1) having end portions at the cold rolling starting side and finishing side that have been R-chamfered, at each outer edge and at each inner edge, such that (T0?T1)/2?R?T0/2 is satisfied, where R is a radius (mm) of the R-chamfer on the outer edges and the inner edges of the end portions, T0 is a wall thickness of the mother pipe, and T1 is a wall thickness of the pipe after cold rolling.

Abstract: At least one foil surface of an aluminum foil is roughened; and in arithmetic mean roughnesses Ra, stipulated in JIS B 0601:2001, of the roughened surface(s), A, which is the arithmetic mean roughness Ra measured in a direction at a right angle to a rolling direction during foil rolling, and B, which is the arithmetic mean roughness Ra measured in a direction parallel to the rolling direction during foil rolling, satisfy the following relationships: 0.15 ?m?A?2.0 ?m; 0.15 ?m?B?2.0 ?m; and 0.5?B/A?1.5. Preferably 50-1000 ?g/m2 of oil is adhered to the roughened foil surface. The oil is preferably rolling oil.

Abstract: A composite rolling mill roll according to the present invention includes: a steel roll shaft; and an outer layer provided around the roll shaft, in which the outer layer includes a sintered body including a base metal which is an iron alloy, a fibrous inclusion which consists of a ceramic and has an average diameter of 1 to 30 ?m and an average aspect ratio of 10 to 500, and a particulate inclusion which consists of a ceramic and has an average diameter of powder 1 to 100 ?m, an amount of the fibrous inclusion is 5 to 40 volume % relative to the volume of the sintered body, and an amount of the particulate inclusion is 5 to 30 volume % relative to the volume of the sintered body.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatus for forming fluid distribution channels in fuel cell electrode plates, and to plates produced by such methods. Exemplary embodiments disclosed include a method of forming fluid distribution channels in a fuel cell electrode plate (100), the method comprising traversing the plate between opposing surfaces of a roller (801) and a planar die (802) while applying pressure across the thickness of the plate to thereby form a series of channels across a surface of the plate.

Abstract: Controlling a flatness of a first surface of a sheet material can include: (a) determining a first surface contour of the first surface of the sheet; (b) applying compressive stresses to one or more portions of the first surface of the sheet after the determination of the first surface contour of the sheet; (c) annealing compressive stresses in one or more portions of the first surface of the sheet after the determination of the first surface contour of the sheet; (d) determining a second surface contour of the first surface of the sheet after the compressive stresses have been applied to, and annealed from, the sheet; (e) comparing the second surface contour to a threshold flatness; and (f) performing (b)-(e) one or more times until the determined second surface contour is less than the threshold flatness.

Abstract: A method for producing a fracture-divided component, in particular a connecting rod, with an at least partially coated bore includes the steps of: providing an unfinished component; applying a coating of a bearing material to a bore surface; and working the coating, in order to compensate internal tensile stresses in the coating, before fracture division of the component. Alternatively, the method for producing a fracture-divided component, in particular a connecting rod, having an at least partially coated bore includes the steps of: providing an unfinished component; applying a coating of a bearing material to a bore surface before fracture division of the component; and forming a counter-hardness zone before the application of the coating in order to generate compressive stresses which oppose the internal tensile stresses of the coating.

Abstract: A steel foil according to an aspect of the present invention includes, by mass %, C: 0.0001 to 0.02%; Si: 0.001 to 0.01%; Mn: 0.01 to 0.3%; P: 0.001 to 0.02%; S: 0.0001 to 0.01%; Al: 0.0005 to 0.1%; N: 0.0001 to 0.004%; and a balance consisting of Fe and impurities, wherein a thickness is 5 to 15 ?m, and a tensile strength is more than 900 MPa and 1.200 MPa or less.

Abstract: A high strength and high toughness magnesium alloy, characterized in that it is a plastically worked product produced by a method comprising preparing a magnesium cast product containing a atomic % of Zn, b atomic % in total of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Ho and Er, a and b satisfying the following formulae (1) to (3), and the balance amount of Mg, subjecting the magnesium alloy cast product to a plastic working to form a plastically worked product, and it has a hcp structure magnesium phase and a long period stacking structure phase at an ordinary temperature; 0.2?a?5.0??(1) 0.2?b?5.0??(2) 0.5a?0.

Abstract: A hot strip for producing an electric steel sheet has the following alloy composition in weight %: C: 0.001 to 0.08 Al: 4.8 to 20 Si: 0.05 to 10 B: up to 0.1 Zr: up to 0.1 Cr: 0.1 to 4, remainder iron and melting related impurities.

Abstract: Provided is a method of rolling/drawing a nickel-free high-nitrogen stainless steel material, the method including: an intermediate annealing process S11 in which a nickel-free high-nitrogen stainless steel material made of a fine grain structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 30 ?m or less is annealed at a temperature of 900° C. or higher and 1000° C. or lower and then is air-cooled to room temperature; a rolling/drawing process S12 in which the nickel-free high-nitrogen stainless steel material is extended while being thinned or being reduced in diameter; and a final solution treatment process S13 in which the nickel-free high-nitrogen stainless steel material is heated to a temperature of 1200° C. or higher and 1400° C. or lower and then is air-cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: With the invention a metallic flat product can be systematically made available with such a fine, stochastic or quasi-stochastic surface texture that after a typical automotive paint application it is only minimally perceptible, if at all, by the human eye. At the same time, in the case of a surface topography constituted according to the invention, the transition between the peak plateaus and the valleys takes place via steep flanks. In this way, it is achieved that the morphology of the sheet metal surface is practically independent of the actual depth of the valleys. As a result therefore, the morphology of the sheet metal surface of a metallic flat product according to the invention is also independent of the skin-pass rate, which is obtained when the fine metal texture is produced by skin-pass rolling.

Abstract: Methods for forming aluminum enclosures for consumer products are described. Included are methods for forming features, such as brackets or supports for supporting one or more internal components of the consumer product. In some embodiments, methods involve shaping integral features into the aluminum enclosures. In some embodiments, methods involve molding resinous or plastic features onto the aluminum enclosures. Some methods involve one or more of an extrusion, rolling, stamping, bending, forging and other shaping techniques. Some methods involve a metal softening technique such as an annealing process. Some methods involve post-shaping treatments including one or more of an impurity removal process, hardening process and surface finishing process. Some embodiments involve forming nano-pores in aluminum enclosures and inserts to enhance bonding of plastic features to the aluminum enclosures and inserts.

Abstract: It is an object of the exemplary embodiments to obtain a long electric-wire protection pipe having a flat outer shape, using a simple press working process, while preventing warping problems. An electric-wire protection pipe is a metal pipe that surrounds an electric wire, and has a reinforced section and a flat pipe section. The reinforced section is a section that is located at a part in the circumferential direction of the electric-wire protection pipe, and constitutes a protrusion forming, on either the internal or external surface of the electric-wire protection pipe, a ridge line extending along the longitudinal direction of the electric-wire protection pipe, and a groove extending along the longitudinal direction of the electric-wire protection pipe on the other surface. The flat pipe section is a section that constitutes at least a part in the longitudinal direction of the electric-wire protection pipe, and that is flattened by press working.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing metal-based, high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMs), for example microchannels in a heat exchanger. The preferred manufacturing method operates in a continuous mode, and employs low-temperature rolling of metals. A process is disclosed for bonding metal microchannel sheets or plates to flat metal sheets or plates to form single-, double-, and multiple-layered microchannel structures. The process can operate at much lower temperatures than prior methods of compression microscale molding of metals, at room temperature or even lower.

Abstract: A device for configuring foil for use in cooking food comprising a base portion comprising first and second portions, the second portion pivoting relative to the first portion; a first plurality of rotatable elements operatively associated with the first portion; and a second plurality of rotatable elements operatively associated with the second portion; the first portion operating to pivot relative to the second portion for entry of foil therebetween; the first and second plurality of rotatable elements operating to configure foil as the foil passes between the first and second plurality of rotatable elements.

Abstract: A method of reducing the volume of oil required by a transformer is described. The sides of a transformer are embossed by use of a metal roller press causing indentations into the metal sides of the transformer.

Abstract: Guide wire devices fabricated from a linear pseudo-elastic Ni—Ti alloy and methods for their manufacture. The Ni—Ti alloy that includes nickel, titanium, and about 3 atomic % (at %) to about 30 at % niobium (Nb). Cold working the Ni—Ti alloy stabilizes the alloy's martensitic phase and yields a linear pseudo-elastic microstructure where reversion to the austenite phase is retarded or altogether blocked. The martensitic phase of cold worked, linear pseudo-elastic Ni—Ti—Nb alloy has an elastic modulus that is considerably higher than the comparable cold worked, linear pseudoelastic binary Ni—Ti alloy. This yields a guide wire device that has better torque response and steerability as compared to cold worked, linear pseudoelastic binary Ni—Ti alloy or superelastic binary Ni—Ti alloy.

Abstract: In an apparatus for disposing of wastewater in subsurface soil, corrosion-resistant wire-mesh is formed by profile-rolling into a conduit-arch skeletal framework with open floor and is covered with non-woven geofabric. This conduit, set in excavated trenches to form a leach field and is buried with permeable soil cover, allows dispersal of wastewater throughout the trenches without distribution pipe or crushed stone, and allows substantial evaporation from the trenches and substantial air infiltration into the trenches to encourage aerobic degradation of organics and ammonium. The wire-mesh is derived from easily available coils sold for wire-mesh fencing.

Abstract: A device for configuring foil for use in cooking food comprising: a base portion; a first plurality of rotatable elements operatively associated with the base portion; a support mounted on the base portion; and a second plurality of rotatable elements operatively associated with the support; the support operating to pivot relative to the base portion so as to allow entry of foil between the first and second plurality of rotatable elements in a first position and engagement of the first and second plurality of rotatable elements in a second position; whereby in the second position the first and second plurality of rotatable elements impart a configuration to the foil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rolling mill of a plate or a sheet which eliminates rolling trouble due to warping of the rolled material and wavy shaped flatness defects running through the plate or sheet width direction such as “waviness”, “full waves, and “small waves” by providing a pair of a top and bottom work rolls, a pair of electric motors independently driving the pair of rolls, and control means for controlling one electric motor using the roll rotational speed as a control target value and controlling the other electric motor using the rolling torque applied to the rolled material from the work roll driven by that electric motor becoming substantially constant as a control target and using the drive torque as a control amount and a control technique of such a rolling mill of a plate or a sheet.

Abstract: A composition for welding or brazing aluminum comprises silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) along with aluminum in an alloy suitable for use in welding and brazing. The Si content may vary between approximately 4.7 and 10.9 wt %, and the Mg content may vary between approximately 0.15 wt % and 0.50 wt %. The alloy is well suited for operations in which little or no dilution from the base metal affects the Si and/or Mg content of the filler metal. The Si content promotes fluidity and avoids stress concentrations and cracking. The Mg content provides enhanced strength. Resulting joints may have a strength at least equal to that of the base metal with little or no dilution (e.g., draw of Mg). The joints may be both heat treated and artificially aged or naturally aged.

Abstract: A blank tube for cold drawing is used for the production of a longer-length, small-diameter tube such as a heat-transfer tube for steam generation in nuclear power facilities, wherein the blank tube will not cause scoring and chattering vibration in a drawing process. The blank tube is used to produce a cold drawn tube through cold drawing of the blank tube. The average surface roughness Ra (ANSI B46.1) of the inner surface of blank tube before drawing satisfies the condition: 0.10 ?m?Ra?1.00 ?m in the case of a blank tube for cold drawing for use in an oil-lubricated drawing. In particular, the surface roughness Ra satisfies the condition: 0.10 ?m?Ra?0.50 ?m in the case of a blank tube for use in a high-pressure lubrication drawing and made of an austenitic alloy for use in a heat-transfer tube for a steam generator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for controlling flatness of a stainless steel strip in connection with cooling after annealing in a finishing line.

Abstract: A stainless steel plate is manufactured by performing temper rolling using a dull roller after the finish cold rolling and bright annealing. The stainless steel plate has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.2 to 1.2 ?m in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel plate surface. Furthermore, the stainless steel plate has a transfer ratio of 15 to 70% which is an area ratio of a portion onto which a dull pattern is transferred relative to the steel plate surface. In addition, the micro-pits being formed in the steel plate surface, having a depth of 0.5 ?m or more, and having an opening area of 10 ?m2 or more, have an existing density in the steel plate surface of 10.0 or less per 0.01 mm2, and an opening area ratio in the steel plate surface of 1.0% or less.

Abstract: A method for bending a sheet metal comprises: a hardness adjustment process wherein a blank (10), including a high-hardness region (11) and a low-hardness region (12) having a lower hardness than the high hardness region (11), is formed by changing the hardness of at least a part of a sheet metal; and a bending process wherein a product (20) is formed by bending low-hardness region (12) of blank (10).

Abstract: There is provided a method for straightening a steel product, comprising using hard alloy straightening rolls each made of a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC—Co) based sintered material (hard metal), wherein the hardness of each roll is HRA85 to 87. According to this straightening method, when bends of steel product are straightened, roll wear is suppressed, defective roll mark(s) caused by the roll wear is prevented from being formed on the surface of the product being straightened, and time for changeover and/or setup of rolls is shortened to enhance the operation rate of the straightening machine, whereby the efficiency of a finishing process and, in turn, the productivity can be improved. Therefore, this method is especially effective in the case where a product to be straightened is a high-strength product such as a steel pipe for a motor vehicle air bag.

Abstract: In a pump housing, in block form, of a vehicle brake system, having a top side which is manufactured to final dimensions and a bottom side which is manufactured to final dimensions, the final dimensions of the top side and of the bottom side are obtained by means of a non-cutting deformation process starting from a blank.

Abstract: A spline rolling rack assembly for cold-forming external surface configurations upon a metal workpiece is provided, having a durable carriage of the type secured upon a reciprocating slide assembly, a perishable rack insert that is removably secured upon the carriage, a locating key disposed between the rack insert and the carriage for properly aligning the rack insert upon the carriage, a locating assembly disposed upon the carriage and engageable with the rack insert for assisting in properly aligning the rack insert and the carriage between load and work positions, and multiple clamping assemblies disposed within said carriage for releasably securing the rack insert upon the carriage. The perishable rack insert is designed for quick and convenient replacement, reducing maintenance cost and idle time for these devices. The single-use insert relieves inventory burden and ensures that replacement tools are ordered in a timely manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mandrel mill and the like that is capable of not only enhancing the elongation ratio of the pipe or tube, but also suppressing a pinhole defect from occurring. The first means of the present invention provides a mandrel mill comprising a plurality of rolling stands in which two grooved rolls R11, R12 are disposed, respectively, the mandrel mill being characterized in that the roll diameter ratio for the first rolling stand and the second rolling stand is set at a value of 4.6 or over. The second means of the present invention provides a mandrel mill comprising a plurality of rolling stands in which three grooved rolls R21, R22 and R23 are disposed, respectively, the mandrel mill being characterized in that the roll diameter ratio for the first rolling stand and the second rolling stand is set at a value of 2.8 or over.

Abstract: Metal sheets and plates having friction-reducing textured surfaces and methods of manufacturing these metal sheets and plates are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, there is provided a transportation vessel that includes at least one metal product having at least one surface that is substantially grooved, wherein the substantially grooved surface forms a riblet topography, the riblet topography including a multiplicity of adjacent permanently rolled longitudinal riblets running along at least a part of the surface, and wherein the riblet topography is coated with at least one coating sufficiently designed and applied to preserve the riblet topography. In an embodiment, the multiplicity of adjacent permanently rolled longitudinal riblets results in a friction-reducing textured surface. In an embodiment, metal product is used in fabricating at least a portion of an aircraft. In an embodiment, metal product is used in fabricating at least a portion of a rotor blade.

Abstract: A method for surface treating work rolls to produce isotropic textured aluminum sheet features indenting the surface of the working rolls that produce the sheet with spherical media such as steel ball bearings having the requisite properties to avoid fracture and resulting in a smooth surface lacking facets. The spherical media can be introduced into a nip between two rolls and indent by compression, but ultrasonic peening or knurling. The aluminum sheet produced by the roll has properties that facilitate mechanical forming, such as when the sheet is processed by forming tools.

Abstract: A high-strength, high-workability steel sheet for cans contains 0.070% to less than 0.080% C, 0.003% to 0.10% Si, 0.51% to 0.60% Mn, and the like on a mass basis and has a tensile strength of 500 MPa or more and a yield elongation of 10% or more. The average size and elongation rate of crystal grains are 5 ?m or more and 2.0 or less, respectively, in cross section in the rolling direction thereof. The hardness difference obtained by subtracting the average Vickers hardness of a cross section ranging from a surface to a depth equal to one-eighth of the thickness of the sheet from the average Vickers hardness of a cross section ranging from a depth equal to three-eighths of the sheet thickness to a depth equal to four-eighths of the sheet thickness is 10 points or more and/or the maximum Vickers hardness difference is 20 points or more.

Abstract: The disclosed junction material, manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing method of junction structure utilize lead-free materials and ensure a high reliability of the junction between a semiconductor element and a frame or substrate, or, between a metal plate and another metal plate. For junctions between a semiconductor element and a frame or substrate, by using as the JUNCTION MATERIAL a laminate material comprising a Zn-based metallic layer (101), Al-based metallic layers (102a, 102b) on both sides thereof, and X-based metallic layers (103a, 103b) (X=Cu, Au, Ag or Sn) on the outside of both the Al-based metallic layers (102a, 102b), even in an oxygen-rich environment, the superficial X-based metallic layers protect the Zn and Al from oxidation until said junction material melts, preserving the wettability and bondability of said junction material as solder and securing the high reliability of the junction.

Abstract: A titanium alloy contains niobium from 8 to 18% by weight; zirconium from 2 to 15% by weight; tin from 0 to 8% by weight; yttrium from 0.0 to 0.3% by weight, and a balance essentially titanium. The titanium alloy has a low Young's modulus, high yield strength, excellent cold bending properties, and good cold stamping and forming performance.

Abstract: A method for producing a profile from a sheet-metal strip is disclosed. The sheet-metal strip is bent at least twice during a first stage, where, as viewed in the cross-section of the sheet-metal strip, a center section as well as two flank sections are formed, which project angularly from two opposing end regions of the center section. During a second stage following the first stage, the center section is compressed by two complementary roller arrangements which engage on the two opposing end regions of the center section, and the sheet-metal strip is thereby locally thickened.

Abstract: A method of making metal articles as well as sputtering targets is described, which involves deforming an ingot to preferred dimensions. In addition, products made by the process of the present invention are further described.