Abstract: A forward feed gear mechanism for a cold pilger rolling mill having at least one forward feed slide, whose advancing movement can be derived from at least one forward feed spindle which is driven in continuous rotation, and an oscillating axial movement can be superimposed on the rotational movement of the forward feed spindle so that the gear mechanism is flexible and adaptable to different settings and provides high acceleration values with a simplified gear unit design. A planetary rolling spindle is provided for generating the axial movement of the forward feed spindles and is coaxially connected with one end of the forward feed spindle so as to be independently rotatable. The housing of the rolling spindle is rigidly arranged in the forward feed gear mechanism housing and the planetary rolling spindle can be driven in rotation in a translatory manner by a separate drive via a spur gear unit stage.

Abstract: The present invention has an aim of providing a rolling mill and an operation method thereof for remarkably extending a roll life, optimizing a driving source and saving maintenance in the rolling mill. An optimum ratio for the number of driving rotations between driving rolls can be obtained by arranging rolls of predetermined shapes in a plurality of roll stands and adjusting the rolling reduction so as to obtain a required shape, then gripping the material to be formed with a clamping device, drawing the same for a required length without driving any of the rolls and determining the number of rotations or the like of each of the rolls. The driving force between each of driving rolls can be matched and optimized by driving each of the driving rolls at the optimum ratio for the number of driving rotations, which can remarkably extend the roll life, optimize the driving source and save maintenance in the rolling mill.

Abstract: A four-roller type sizing mill apparatus for forming round steel rods, comprises two four-roller mills each having two pair of facing rollers. One pair of facing rollers is arranged in rolling direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the other pair of rollers. The two four-roller mills are arranged in line, with the rolling direction of one of the two four-roller mills being shifted by 45.degree. from the rolling direction of the other four-roller mill. The two pair of rollers of a first four-roller mill positioned closer to the rolling material inlet are separated from each other by a distance which is greater than zero and not greater than five times the projected contact length of one of the pair of rollers positioned closer to the rolling material inlet.

Abstract: Long products are hot rolled and sized by being subjected to progressively diminishing area reductions in a succession of at least three mechanically interconnected two roll passes driven by a common mill drive. The area reductions are achieved by imparting a first cross sectional configuration to the products rolled in the first roll pass, and by imparting a different second cross sectional configuration to the products being rolled in each of the second and third roll passes. A wide range of product sizes is accommodated by selectively adjusting the speeds at which each of the roll passes is driven by the common mill drive in order to vary the drive speed ratios between successive roll passes.

Abstract: A rolling mill has a power source (10) driving a common drive shaft (11) which in turn drives gearboxes (12 to 15). Each gearbox drives a respective shaft (16-19) which in turn drives a roll (20 to 23). A free wheel (24) is provided between the gearbox and forming surface of its associated roll.

Abstract: A block type rolling mill having work roll pairs arranged along a rolling line to roll a single strand product in a twist-free manner, wherein the work roll pairs are driven by a common mill drive via a drive train which includes first and second line shafts extending in parallel relationship with the rolling line, and intermediate drive means for mechanically interconnecting two successive work roll pairs interposed between the two successive work roll pairs and the first and second line shafts, and first and second engagement means for alternatively connecting the intermediate drive means to one or the other of the first and second line shafts via respective first and second intermeshed gear sets having different gear ratios.

Abstract: The invention is directed to provide a rolling method which enables an enlarged range of reduction ratio in sizing-rolling in the common drive system. The invention provides that when tension applied to rolled material between the upstream and downstream-placed mills is made higher than a value that tension/average resistance to deformation of rolled material is 0.2, the upstream-placed mill is caused to perform force rolling, and when compressive force of the rolled material is made higher than a value that compressive force/average resistance to deformation of rolled material is 0.1, the downstream-placed mill together with the upstream-placed mill are caused to perform tensile rolling in the common drive system. The rolling methods provides a stable rolling in a larger sizing range without decrease of diameter or buckling of rolled material.

Abstract: A cold pilger rolling mill includes a reciprocating roll stand and a crank drive connected to the roll stand through connecting rods. The crank drive includes three shafts arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart at equal distances. The middle shaft is a crank shaft connected through crank pins with the connecting rod. A main weight for balancing half of the inertia forces of the roll stand is arranged eccentrically relative to the axis of rotation on the crank of the crank pin offset by 180.degree. from the pivot point of the connecting rod. On the two other shafts are arranged two additional weights of equal size which balance the other half of the inertia forces of the roll stand.

Abstract: A block type rolling mill has a plurality of roll stands arranged along a mill pass line, each roll stand having at least a first pair of work rolls mounted in cantilever fashion on a first pair of roll shafts. The first roll shafts have first pinion gears which are separate from each other and in meshed relationship respectively with one of a pair of intermeshed spur gears carried on a pair of intermediate drive shafts, with one of the intermediate drive shafts of each roll stand being coupled to one of two line shafts extending in parallel relationship to the mill pass line. At least one of the roll stands is provided with a second pair of work rolls mounted in cantilever fashion on a second pair of roll shafts. The second pair of roll shafts have second pinion gears which are separate from each other and each in meshed relationship respectively with one of the intermeshed spur gears of the at least one roll stand.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a compact roll stand apparatus, particularly of four-roll type, comprising both a roll parting adjustment device and an all-roll drive device.

Abstract: Driving apparatus for a rolling mill includes upper and lower work rolls for rolling a workpiece having a longitudinal axis lying in a horizontal plane, upper and lower driving shafts for driving the upper and lower work rolls, respectively, an upper universal joint operatively coupling the upper work roll to the upper driving shaft, and a lower universal joint operatively coupling the lower work roll to the lower driving shaft. The upper and lower work rolls have axes lying in planes parallel to the horizontal plane of the workpiece longitudinal axis and are slanted in opposite directions with respect to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece. The upper and lower driving shafts are disposed symmetrically with respect to the horizontal plane of the workpiece longitudinal axis and a vertical plane passing through the workpiece longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A stretch-reducing mill comprises a plurality of rolling stands laid side-by-side between an input stand and an output stand. A first group of stands adjacent to one another is next to the input stand and a second group of stands adjacent to one another is next to the output stand. The first group of stands is operated through a differential drive with two motors; the second group of stands is driven by independent single motors.

Abstract: A rolling mill assembly (1) for metal sections equipped with a drive assembly (27) comprising means (7) of rotating a pair of shafts (2, 3) each of which supports a rolling mill roll (12, 13) locked between two supports (16, 17), said drive assembly (27) having a front frame (6), said pair of shafts (2, 3) supporting in an axially removable manner said rolls (12, 13) and being supported at both ends by a pair of uprights (4, 5) forming a stand (26), one (5) of the uprights of said pair (4, 5) being designed to be made transiently and frontally integral with said front frame (6), said rotating means (7) being made continuously and coaxially integral with said pair of shafts (2, 3) when the stand (26) is mounted on the drive assembly (27), there being provided eccentric means (8, 8', 8") of containment, guide and positioning of the shafts (2, 3, 7) for center to center distance adjustment of said rolls (12, 13).

Abstract: A shaping machine for bending a plate into a cylindrical shape which comprises a frame and first, second, and third roll assemblies disposed on the frame. Each of the roll assemblies includes a roll for engaging a plate to be bent and a plurality of pairs of support rollers axially distributed along and supporting the roll. There is a drive disposed at the frame for rotatably driving each of the rolls of the first, second, and third roll assemblies, and at least one of the roll assemblies is displaceable transversely to the longitudinal axis of its roll.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a pair of rotatable devices (9,11) each holding a plurality of metal shaping and/or cutting rollers (17,19;127), the rollers of one device meshing with rollers of the other device to produce specific designs or widths of material. This is made possible by merely selecting suitable rollers of both sets and when production of a specific metallic section or desired widths are terminated, other rollers are selected by rotating the rotatable devices, if another metallic section or widths are desired. When suitable rollers (17,19:127) have been selected they are locked in operating position and the operation is allowed to proceed by feeding metal strip to the machine. When another design or widths are required, the devices are unlocked, a selection is made, and the devices are again locked to produce the new metallic section or widths of material.

Abstract: A rolling mill in which the direction of rolls, in a rolling system for rolling bar steel, can be shifted from horizontal to vertical or from vertical to horizontal. The rolling mill comprises a pair of first shafts removably connected individually, by means of universal joints, to a pair of spindles to which a rotatory force for rolling is transmitted, a second shaft disposed substantially parallel to the first shafts, and a pair of rolls disposed so that the axes thereof extend at right angles to the second shaft, so that the rolls are interchangeable as a whole, whereby the rolling direction can be shifted from horizontal to vertical or from vertical to horizontal. In this case, the first and second shafts are connected to each other by means of a series gear train, and the second shaft includes a pair of bevel gears directed opposite to each other, the bevel gears individually engaging bevel gears on the shafts of the rolls.

Abstract: A drive for a pilger cold rolling mill which includes a crankshaft and a connecting rod. The connecting rod provides a balancing or equilibrium of moments while the crankshaft provides a balancing or equilibrium of mass.

Abstract: The rolls of a rolling mill have working rolls which may be quickly changed, with the associated tools. The rolling machine has an angular trunnion, at least on one end of the working roll, supported in a divided clamping part of a driving shaft having a mating fixture. The other end of the working roll may have a circular trunnion or a non-circular trunnion removably supported by a guiding and supporting shaft.

Abstract: Rolling stand with multiple rolls supported as cantilevers for high-speed rolling, which comprises a motor unit (16-15) that actuates at least one common shaft (22a) which transmits motion to a plurality of pairs of rolls (11-12) with their axes placed alternately substantially at a right angle to each other (11a, 12a, 11b, 12b . . . 11n, 12n), the stand including from six to ten pairs of rolls (11-12), the rolled stock being kept under traction between one pair of rolls (11-12) and the next pair (11-12), cooling chamber means (13) followed by temperature equalization chamber means (14) being included between the pair of rolls (12) which processes round sections and the pair of rolls (11) which processes oval sections, the length of the cooling chamber means (13) being at least a function of the rolling speed of the pair of rolls (12) positioned upstream of that cooling chamber means (13), the cooling chamber means (13) being progressively longer in the direction of feed of the rolled stock.

Abstract: A rolling mill drive with spindles arranged axially slidably between pinions and work rolls. A joint of each spindle is releasably connected to the neck of at least one roll, particularly the work roll. At least the spindle joint connected to the work roll includes a coupling and uncoupling device, preferably an annular bayonet-type coupling device.

Abstract: An operating method and a rolling mill train for continually rolling a profiled billet to a predetermined finished cross-sectional shape of accurate dimensions by means of successively arranged rolling mill stands with pairs of rolls, wherein the axes of the pairs of rolls extend perpendicularly to each other. The pairs of rolls have oppositely located pass screws which determine the cross-sectional shape of the rolled steel section billet which travels through the pairs of rolls. The billet is sized in one or more roughing stands locally in a circumferential portion of the cross-section thereof which, after leaving the last roughing stand, runs in the subsequent main stand into the region of a contact line of the two rolls of the main stand, such that the entire material of the billet running into the main stand completely fills out the pass of the main stand without significantly deforming the region of the contact line of the two rolls of the main stand.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for manufacturing hot-rolled steel strip from continuously cast initial materials in continuously successive work steps, wherein the continuously cast initial material is cut after solidifying to a certain length, is heated in a soaking furnace to rolling temperature and is introduced into a finishing rolling mill train for rolling out. The continuously cast initial material is introduced after being heated to a multiple-stand, reversible finishing rolling mill train and a coilbox connected downstream to the finishing rolling mill train.

Abstract: A rolling mill wherein the frame or frames for pairs of superimposed rolling tools can be lifted off the base by a crane. Each rolling tool carries a first clutch element receiving torque from a separable discrete second clutch element on a support which is adjacent a properly installed frame. The support is mounted on a reciprocable carriage, together with or independently of a drive for the second clutch elements, and can be moved in the axial direction of the tools toward and away from the adjacent frame. The upper second clutch element of the pair of second clutch elements on the support is movable up and down by a fluid-operated motor toward and away from a position of alignment with the corresponding first clutch element. The second clutch elements have pins which enter registering sockets in the adjacent first clutch elements, or vice versa, and the second clutch elements are axially movably mounted in their bearings on the support and are biased toward the respective first clutch elements.

Abstract: The apparatus transmits a high shifting force reliably and has a simple and rapid assembly. The axial shifting occurs by a clamping device which is in releasable working connection with the roll stub shaft of a rolling-mill roll or the rotating shaft. The disengageable clamping junction is formed between the clamping device and roll stub shaft shaped to fit together. Especially the clamping device is formed as a compact unit comprising a clamping head with at least one axially precompressed compressible spring which acts on a plurality of clamping disks working as a clamping body. The clamping disks force a radially elastic clamping sleeve to grip the roll stub shaft. The clamping disks are releasable from a clamped position by a hydraulic pressurized medium against the action of the compressible spring. The clamping disks are supported axially on the one side on a portion of a housing of the clamping head and on the other side by an axially slidable hollow cylinder acted on by the compressible spring.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a pair of rotatable devices each holding a plurality of metal shaping rollers, the rollers of one device meshing with rollers of the other device to produce specific designs. This is made possible by merely selecting suitable rollers of both sets and when production of a specific metallic section is terminated, other rollers are selected by rotating the rotatable devices. When suitable rollers have been selected they are locked in operating position and when another design is required, the devices are unlocked, a selection is made, and the devices are again locked to produce the new metallic section.

Abstract: The present invention related to a wire-rod block which forms part of a wire rolling line and which includes two roll rings, between which the wire rod is rolled, and which further includes an input drive shaft and a gearing for transmitting the drive torque of the drive shaft to the roll rings. According to the invention, the input shaft (10) drives one of the roll ring shafts directly, via a first bevel gear (13) and also an output drive shaft (12), via a gear (11). The output drive shaft, in turn, drives the shaft of the other roll ring, via a second bevel gear (14), wherein the transmission ratios of the gear (11) and the bevel gears is such that the roll rings will rotate at mutually the same peripheral speeds.

Abstract: This invention concerns a device (10) to replace rolls (11) and/or apparatus (12) on rolling stands (25-26) having rolls (11) supported at one end, which device is able to cooperate with static support stand means (25-48) and is moved by crane or bridge crane means, possibly with a rotatable turret (33), and comprises frame means (110) with hook means (23), jaw means (16) with means (20) to engage rolls, and actuation means (17), such device comprising also means (22) to engage apparatus, the reciprocal positioning of parts (11-12-13) when engaged by such device (10) being substantially the same as the reciprocal positioning of such parts (11-12-13) when fitted to the rolling unit (25-26).

Abstract: A telescopic drive spindle assembly for a rolling mill permits the assembly to accommodate axial displacement of the roll. The assembly has first and second overlapping members with a piston in one member being displaceable in a cylinder in the other member. The piston defines a chamber and a quantity of gas in the chamber serves to urge the piston in the direction out of the cylinder so as to increase the effective length of the drive spindle.

Abstract: The roll forming machine consists in a succession of stands (1), each carrying at least two parallel forming rolls (12, 13) carried by shafts (48, 49) journaled on either side to a pair of uprights (16, 17) anchored permanently to a base (2) that can be clamped to and separated from the fixed bed (3) of the machine; the rolls (12, 13) of each stand are driven by way of respective p.t.o. shafts (32, 33) mounted to a further fixed upright (27) and carried in journal blocks (34, 35) of which at least one associates with the upright on a floating fit that will allow a margin of transverse movement in relation to the axis of rotation. Self-aligning couplings (38, 39) are used to connect the roll shafts (48, 49) with the p.t.o. shafts (32, 33).

Abstract: A rolling mill provided with a pair of rolls rotatable in a roll housing and in a first mode of operation drivably connected to respective drive gears of a main frame and gear housing, the drive gears meshing with respective pinions which mesh together, the main frame and gear housing being capable of being located in either one of two positions angularly spaced at 180 degrees, and the drive gears and pinions are capable of being re-adjusted in position whereby in a second mode of operation the drive gears can be brought into mutually meshing positions and the pinions can be moved apart to become the gears with which the rolls are drivably connected.

Abstract: The method of controlling a velocity dependent factor of strip material being processed in a mill includes the steps of simultaneously determining the apparent velocity of material prior to, between and subsequent to spaced apart work rolls. Input slip is determined by comparing the apparent input velocity with the apparent work roll velocity, and output slip is determined by comparing the apparent output velocity with the apparent work roll velocity. A velocity dependent factor is calculated in response to a comparison of input slip and output slip. The calculated factor is compared with a previously calculated factor and a derived factor is calculated when the calculated factor exceeds the previously calculated factor by more than the selected amount and an adaptive factor used to calculate the derived factor is calculated when the calculated factor does not exceed the previously calculated factor by the selected amount.

Abstract: A driving apparatus in which power of a single motor is distributed to two shafts by a cam roller, whereupon the power quantities of the respective shafts are transmitted to working rolls through speed reducers.By employing planetary reduction gears of the inner gearing type as each of the speed reducers, it is permitted to transmit a great torque with small gears.

Abstract: A continuous mill plant for rolling steel plates having one or a plurality of rolling mills. The ratio of maximum rolling speed to minimum rolling speed of the plant is at least 3.0 but no more than 10.0 at the continuous rated output of an electric motor for driving the rolling mill.

Abstract: To avoid impacts on the first pass of the rolled product through a universal rolling mill the vertical rolls of the rolling mill can be provided with their own integral drive according to our invention. In an electrical drive for a vertical roll the vertical roll is the rotor of an electric motor while the stator is a circular collar on a nonrotatable supporting axle for the vertical roll. In a hydraulic drive for a vertical roll a hydraulic motor is either located in a housing side extension of the structural member supporting the vertical roll to drive it from the outside by spur wheel gearing or by a frictional drive or the hydraulic motor is mounted in the nonrotating supporting axle of the vertical roll and engages on an inner cogged drive ring on the vertical roll from the inside by spur gearing positioned on a transverse plane.

Abstract: An inertia force balancing apparatus for a machine haivng a reciprocating heavy object, such as a Pilger rolling mill provided with a heavy object stand having a pair of Pilger mill rolls and horizontally supported such as to be reciprocable and with a drive device for imparting reciprocating motion to the Pilger mill stand by a motive power converted from rotational motion, into reciprocating motion. A spring device secured at its end to the heavy object and adapted to balance the inertial force of the reciprocating motion of the heavy object. A control device is provided for changing the spring force of the spring device in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotational motion of the drive device.

Abstract: A drive for a pilger cold-rolling mill with mass and torque balancing, where the driven crank, rotating around a vertical axis, is connected via a coupler with a roller frame guided horizontally in a guide and where the coupler assumes, with its total mass, the balancing of momentum and where the crank, with its total mass, assumes the mass balancing. An additional mass M.sub.z, which is movable synchronously and parallel to the roller frame and where the center of gravity (S.sub.M) is lower than the virtual engagement point (S.sub.AG) of the centrifugal force of the crank balancing mass (MA), where the product of the force of inertia for accelerating the mass (M.sub.z) and of the vertical distance (b) between the center of gravity (S.sub.M) and of the mass (M.sub.z) and the engagement point (S.sub.AG) of the centrifugal force of the mass (MA) corresponds to the balancing mass moment obtained as a product of the force of inertia engaging at the center of gravity (S.sub.

Abstract: A process for driving and synchronizing rolls, in particular the rolls of a strip casting facility, is such that each roll is driven by a separate motor drive via gearing, and the turning speed of the motor is regulated. The synchronizing of the motor drives during idling of the rolls takes place via miter gearing coupled to the motors and a sliding coupling between these sets of gears in addition to a shaft connecting them; the synchronizing is undertaken via manual or automatic control of motor turning speed as a function of roll speed and roll diameter.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for a vertical rolling mill comprises a vertical electric motor mounted on a frame which has a hollow rotary shaft therein supported by a bearing and surrounding a portion of an intermediate shaft. The upper end of the intermediate shaft extends through the hollow rotary shaft and connects to a first universal joint disposed axially above the motor, and which engages the upper end of the hollow rotary shaft. The torque of the hollow rotary shaft is transmitted to the vertical roll through the first universal joint of the intermediate shaft, and a second universal joint.

Abstract: Apparatus to straighten wire ropes. A first frame has a plurality of rollers sequentially mounted on it. A channel is formed in the periphery of each roller. The channels are generally semi-circular in cross section and of a pedetermined radius. The rollers can be driven. A second frame is reciprocable relative to the first and also has a plurality of rollers sequentially mounted on it, above the rollers of the first frame, and in the same plane as the first rollers. A channel is formed in the periphery of the roller. The channels in the rollers form a pathway through the apparatus for a wire rope. The second frame can be reciprocated and, with it, the roller on it. All the rollers can be driven at the same speed. There is an opening in the first frame, parallel to and coextensive with the above pathway through the rollers.

Abstract: A roll block for rolling wire to final gauge in a high speed wire mill with a plurality of roll units alternatingly positioned at right angles to each other and behind each other, which are driven by two roll drive shafts running on both sides of the line of rolls parallel to it, includes a dividing gear unit for driving both drive shafts by a common drive motor. The individual roll units are connected to the roll drive shafts by miter wheel, bevel and/or other gear units. The gear ratios in the dividing gear unit on setting predetermined rotational speed ratios of the roll drive shafts lead to a predetermined series of caliber reductions for which the respective roll block is designed. Other materials and/or roll products require, if the gear ratios and rotational speeds are to be maintained constant, correspondingly changed dividing gear units. Such changes are no longer required when the dividing gear unit is a mechanical or hydraulic gearshift which produces different rotational speeds.

Abstract: A setting device for adjusting the position of a roll with respect to a mating roll, as in the press section of a paper machine, or the like. A roll trunnion or journal at the end of the roll is received in a bearing which is supported in a bearing housing that is axially outward of the roll. The outer part of the bearing is in turn supported to an actuator which is shiftable to move the roll transversely of its axis with respect to the mating roll. A base plate hydraulically supports and raises the actuator for the bearing housing. A guide plate supported to the base plate extends past the roll trunnion or journal. Linear motion guide elements for guiding the motion of the bearing housing under the influence of the actuator are provided. They are guide claws on the bearing housing which wrap around the guide plate and move along it. An additional actuator piston operates on the roll trunnion or journal to move it in the opposite direction from the actuator.

Abstract: A wire rolling machine comprising a pair of parallel drive shafts, a housing mounted for swinging movement on each drive shaft, and a first gear within the housing secured to each drive shaft. A second gear within the housing is driven by the first gear, a driven shaft within the housing bearing at one end the second end and emerging from the housing and bearing at an end opposite the second gear a driven roll. Each driven roll has a peripheral groove, the peripheral grooves being adapted to be brought into registry with each other when the housings are swung toward each other. The driven shafts swing in a common plane. Structure is provided to swing the housings relative to each other about the drive shafts.

Abstract: A device for axial displacement for a roll in a rolling stand. The roll is mounted in a chock which is guided in a roll housing. The chock is adjustably guided in the rolling stand. The roll is axially displaced by a hydraulic piston-cylinder assemblies acting on the rolling stand and connected to the support member of the roll bearing. The roll bearing is axially slidingly guided in the chock. The chock has a guide for a sliding carriage which is provided with a coupling device for the roll neck. The hydraulic piston-cylinder assemblies are articulated to this sliding carriage.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing increased reductions in strip material, particularly soft metal strip materials, are disclosed. The process and apparatus utilize a rolling mill having at least two offset work rolls driven at a peripheral speed ratio less than a desired gage reduction ratio but greater than zero and a mechanism for applying forward tension to the strip material. The desired gage reduction may be obtained using reduced separating force magnitudes and minimized tension force magnitudes. The rolling mill utilizes relatively small diameter work rolls without having to provide additional support structures other than the back-up rolls and frame roll supports to prevent roll bending in the rolling direction. Roll flattening is substantially eliminated resulting in improved gage control and strip flatness.

Abstract: Actuator device for axially shifting rolls which can be powered rolls journaled by way of radial bearings in holding elements in a rolling mill frame, uses hydraulic cylinders. At the drive side, the journal portions of the working rolls are respectively stepped to provide a centering roll portion, onto which respectively, an axial bearing is mounted to be positively held in position. At the housing of this bearing is attached a hydraulic cylinder which carries out the adjustment/control operation. The respective locking after mounting a new roll, for example, is achieved by a spindle head which is slipped on and which transmits the motive power of a driving spindle by way of the locking function performed by this spindle.

Abstract: A rolling line for the stretch-reducing of tubes, has a plurality of rolling stands which are arranged closely one after the other. These rolling stands are driven by a group drive, whereby the rolling stands, or at least a part thereof, are divided into groups, the groups being defined between directly acting drive shafts (111). The stand locations lying between these drive shafts (111) are driven by way of differential gear stages (112), each combining two rotational speeds which are derived by way of gear wheel trains (113-116, 117-120) from the drive shafts (111).

Abstract: A supercompact rolling group (10) with rolls supported at one end. Vertical (11) and horizontal (12) units are arranged alternately or as necessary. Each unit (11-12) is driven by an independent motor (25-23) through a transmission (34) on parallel axes. A rolling line has at least one supercompact rolling group (110-210) constituted as above.

Abstract: An adjustable hydrostatic machine is connected to a pressure line with impressed system pressure. The pressure difference applied at the machine is set at a control valve so that the stroke volume of the machine in idling operation is set to an adjustment belonging to a predetermined load torque. In idling operation the machine is thus operated at large stroke volume with small pressure difference. If it is then necessary to furnish the load torque a switching valve is opened so that at the machine the full pressure difference is immediately applied, the machine can furnish the desired torque and the time loss necessary for setting the machine is eliminated.

Abstract: A six-high rolling stand has a pair of upper and lower working rolls defining a nip, a pair of upper and lower inner backup rolls vertically flanking and bearing on the working rolls, a pair of upper and lower outer backup rolls vertically flanking and bearing on the inner backup rolls, a frame, and respective journal blocks carrying the rolls in the frame and supporting the rolls therein for rotation about respective axes that are all substantially parallel with the outer roll axes at least defining a vertical plane. A drive is connected directly to the outer backup rolls for oppositely rotating same and the upper and lower rolls vertically engage one another so that the rotation of the outer backup rolls is transmitted through the inner backup rolls to the working rolls. Actuators braced between some of the journal blocks and the frame for vertically displacing at least some of the rolls horizontally perpendicular to the plane.

Abstract: A roll stand has a frame, an upper backup roll and a lower backup roll rotatable in the frame about respective vertically spaced axes, and an upper working roll and a lower working roll flanked by and operatively engaging the respective backup rolls. A workpiece normally passes horizontally through the nip formed by the working rolls. Actuators can urge the backup rolls toward each other with a high force and with a low force. Respective upper and lower drives are connected to the respective backup rolls and energizable for rotating same and thereby pulling the workpiece engaged between the working rolls through the roll stand. A clutch is connected between one of the drives and the respective backup roll and is openable to rotationally disconnect the one drive from its backup roll. A controller is connected to the one drive and the clutch for deenergizing the one drive and opening the clutch for low-force rolling. For high-force rolling the clutch is closed and both drives are energized.