Abstract: A bladder assembly including an inflatable bladder having an elongated body defining an internal volume, the body being formed as a layered structure that includes an elastomeric layer defining an interior surface of the body, a friction-reducing layer defining an exterior surface of the body, and a jacketing layer positioned between the elastomeric layer and the friction-reducing layer, and a pressurized fluid source in selective fluid communication with the internal volume of the body.

Abstract: A process for forming a hollow member with A complicated cross-section wherein a section of a tube blank first undergoes a bending deformation due to its internal pressure and bend moment generated by the upsetting of an upper die, and is then compressed to be molded under the support of the internal pressure. The process of the invention does not require the reshaping step at an increased pressure. The process can make a hollow member with a complicated cross-section formed under a low pressure, and solves a technical bottleneck relating to a conventional process for forming this kind of members that is subject to an ultrahigh pressure generator.

Abstract: Press systems for manufacturing hot formed structural components are provided. The systems comprise a fixed lower body, a mobile upper body and a mechanism configured to provide upwards and downwards press progression of the mobile upper body with respect to the fixed lower body. The system further includes a cooling tool configured to cool down a previously heated blank. The cooling tool includes upper and lower mating dies, the lower die connected to the lower body with one or more lower biasing elements and/or the upper die connected to the upper body with one or more upper biasing elements. The system further includes a press tool configured to draw the blank, wherein the press tool is arranged downstream from the cooling tool. Moreover, methods for hot forming structural components are also provided.

Abstract: The rivet gun has a barrel, a handle, an inflator, a piston assembly and at least one buffer device. The piston assembly has a piston rod and a piston head. The at least one buffer device is mounted in the piston head and has a housing, a valve stem and a buffer spring. The housing has an inserting hole and a side hole communicating with the inserting hole. The inserting hole has a valve opening. The valve stem is movably mounted in the valve opening. A valve part is formed on a lower end of the valve stem to selectively close the valve opening. The buffer spring is mounted around the valve stem. When the piston head moves upward, the buffer spring absorbs some momentum produced by the high pressure gas to mitigate shake caused by the high pressure gas directly hitting the piston head.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an automobile door hinge includes hot forging a round steel bar to form a forged workpiece including a mounting portion, an arm portion, and a column portion, and forming a shaft hole by punching the column portion by using a special die and a punch. The die has a gap formed therein so that, during punching, a slug is not generated and the column portion expands outward when the punch is pressed from a punching start point to a predetermined dimension, and a slug is generated and discharged when the punch is pressed from the predetermined dimension to a punching end point.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an integrally forged golf club head has acts of: forging a crude rod to form a blank of a main body of a golf club head, mounting a weight in a mounting recess of the blank of the main body of the golf club head, covering the mounting recess with an outer cover, and then welding and forging the blank of the main body of the golf club head and the outer cover to form a golf club head. Thus, the at least one weight is securely held in the golf club head and does not come off the golf club head, and also no noise occurs when the golf club head strikes a golf ball. Furthermore, the at least one weight is not exposed so that the golf club head has a good appearance and improved quality.

Abstract: A die is adapted for forming a cold forged receiver hitch that includes an integral cold forged smooth reinforcing flange at an upper end. The die includes a top plate and a bottom plate spaced apart from the top plate along a plate axis that is perpendicular to the surfaces of the top and bottom plates. The top plate includes two transversely spaced-apart jambs within which the top plate is slidably mounted, an actuation system configured to move the top plate relative to the bottom plate along the plate axis. The bottom plate supports a bottom support plate to which a stationary mandrel is secured and an assembly of two transversely spaced-apart split cams, the split cams being transversely spaced from the stationary mandrel by a distance that is greater than the thickness of the tube out of which the receiver hitch is to be cold forged.

Abstract: After molding a product-to-be-preliminarily-molded to form a preliminarily molded product as a material, the preliminarily molded product is put into a full-enclosed forging die so that a product is molded with the full-enclosed forging die. On a preliminary leading-end surface to be formed as a leading end surface of a shaft portion of the product formed of the preliminarily molded product, there is formed a shear-drop suppressing portion for suppressing thickness reduction on a boss-portion side of an outer peripheral portion of the leading end surface of the shaft portion of the product. At a time of putting the preliminarily molded product into the full-enclosed forging die so as to mold the product, a relief portion is formed between the leading end surface of the shaft portion to be formed and a cavity of the full-enclosed forging die.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sprocket segment that is formed by forging as one of a plurality of circumferentially divided parts of a sprocket having a plurality of teeth arranged on an outer peripheral surface of a circular flange, the method includes: forming a material of the sprocket segment into an initial formed state in an initial forming step; and subjecting the sprocket segment in dies to a finish forming process with a tooth trace direction of the sprocket segment as viewed in cross-section of the sprocket segment being inclined relative to a forging direction of the dies in a finish forming step.

Abstract: Disclosed is an angle sensor, which is capable of accurately measuring an angle of a steering shaft by selecting an optimum gear ratio between main and subsidiary gears constituting the angle sensor, measures a rotation amount of a vehicle steering shaft, and includes a ring-shaped main gear rotating along with the steering shaft, a first subsidiary gear rotated by rotation of the main gear and having a magnet coupled to a surface thereof, and a magnetic device detecting a change in magnetic field of the magnet and outputting data on a rotation amount, so that the first subsidiary gear rotates four times while the main gear rotates once, and a value of a scale factor is minimized during a process of acquiring valid data for measuring the angle of the main gear and thereby an error of a measured value is minimized.

Abstract: There is provided a base plate including a body part formed of a metal plate, a pocket part including a recess formed in one surface of the body part by decreasing a thickness of the body part, a center plate part forming the pocket part and corresponding to the recess, a pocket periphery part forming the body part in a periphery of the pocket part, and a pocket edge part formed between the pocket periphery part and the center plate part and having a thickness different from that of the center plate part, wherein a height from a bottom surface of the body part to a top surface of the center plate part is identical to a height of the pocket periphery part, and a thickness of the pocket periphery part is greater than a thickness of the center plate part.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of a rack shaft, the rack shaft is formed by mounting a shaft raw material on a receiving groove of a lower mold, the receiving mold having an approximately U-shaped cross section, thereafter arranging an upper mold having a rack-teeth-forming teeth portion formed in a rectangular shape in a bottom view and capable of oscillating in a width direction of the receiving groove around a center in the width direction of the rack-teeth-forming teeth portion, in such a manner that the center of oscillation lies on a vertical line of a center in a width direction of the rack teeth, pressing the shaft raw material in the diametrical direction, deforming the shaft raw material along the receiving groove, and thereafter deforming the shaft raw material while oscillating the upper mold so as to form a rack teeth.

Abstract: A clinch-type fastener is formed by simultaneously creating an undercut during the same forging that creates the head and displacer of the fastener. A fastener blank is compressed end-to-end between top and bottom dies whereby the axial compression of a blank causes the outward bulging of the shank at its midline. Simultaneously, a tapered end point and a tangential interference band are formed provided by a curvilinear-shaped bulge in the shank. As the bulge is formed an undercut is created between the bulge and a shoulder which extends downwardly from a head of the fastener. This method of formation and the fastener produced thereby are particularly suited to the manufacture of small clinch pins having a diameter in the range of 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A floor support for a grain bin floor made from a sheet of galvanized steel having a top surface, a bottom surface and flat ends. The floor support has a plurality of flanges and notches disposed within the top surface and a plurality of openings disposed through the sheet of galvanized steel. Positioned between each opening is a first bend. Positioned on either side of selected first bends is a second bend thereby forming a z-shaped floor support.

Abstract: A press including a number of pairs of dies each clamped by a driving source to press set work pieces in a vertical direction, and a revolver holding the pairs of dies and rotatable around a vertical axis, wherein the revolver by rotating moves any pair of dies to a pressing position where pressing process is performed.

Abstract: Four-die forging device for forging presses can be employed to forge ingots and billets in a variety of steels and alloys on forging presses and is intended to provide for a longer repair-free service life of the device, a higher reliability, an increased forging process output and a better quality of forged parts. The holders (3, 4) of the side dies (5, 7) have a shape approximating to that of a truncated pyramid with the center of mass (47) of the “side die holder-side die” system located within the longitudinal section of the side die holder. The apart-guiding ways (9-12) are arranged either on the side surfaces of the die holders (1, 2), or on the inclined planes (22-29) of the holders (1-4) of the dies (5-8) in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the device, or on both of them. Internal planes of the apart-guiding ways are formed to enclose the planes of adjacent die holders thus creating a clutch-type connection.

Abstract: Forming processes such as hot creep forming or superplastic deformation require a die former. This die former includes a lower die and an upper die within which an initial roughly shaped component is placed and then shaped by downward pressure between the die parts. Previous arrangements have included a simple stop to engage edges of the component to define position. In use, due to the nature of the forming process, movement of the component can occur, and in such circumstances it may be necessary for the operator to adjust the position of the component during the forming process. By utilising pegs about the periphery at least of leading and trailing edges of a component, a better edge definition is created, thereby reducing the requirement for interim positioning of the component in use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing hollow profile-members having a longitudinal flange, wherein a plate which is arranged between the stamp and the first die being preshaped by introducing a stamp into a first die to form an U-shaped profile-member having a first member and a second member, and wherein the U-shaped profile-member being shaped with a second die to form an O-shaped profile-member having a longitudinal flange. In one aspect, the plate is preshaped to form the U-shaped profile-member, a longitudinal flange member portion is shaped in at least the first member and the longitudinal flange member portion is constructed during the shaping of the U-shaped profile-member to form an O-shaped profile-member substantially in a shape-retaining manner to form a portion of the longitudinal flange.

Abstract: Consumed energy is minimized to reduce running cost. Final formed products of uniform quality are successively obtained. High productivity is provided. A primary forming step of obtaining a primary formed product by plastically working a heated steel sheet with a primary forming die set for a predetermined time period, a secondary forming step of machining the primary formed product with the secondary forming die set for a predetermined time period to obtain a secondary formed product, and a hardening step of allowing a cooling die set placed in a hydraulic press controlled by a servomotor to hold the secondary formed product under pressure for a longer time period than the time period of each of the primary and secondary forming steps to obtain a hardened final formed product are successively performed in sequence. The hardening step is performed independently without coordinating with the primary and secondary forming steps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously producing a first piston part and a second piston part via a forging device may include an upper die, at least one intermediate die, and a lower die. A first billet may be placed between the upper die and the intermediate die, and a second billet may be placed between the intermediate die and the lower die. The upper die and the lower die may be configured to be moved toward each other, whereby the first piston part is forged from the first billet and the second piston part is forged at the same time from the second billet. The upper die and the lower die may then be configured to be moved apart, and the piston parts may be removed.

Abstract: A clinch-type fastener is formed by simultaneously creating an undercut during the same forging that creates the head and displacer of the fastener. A fastener blank is compressed end-to-end between top and bottom dies whereby the axial compression of a blank causes the outward bulging of the shank at its midline. Simultaneously, a tapered end point and a tangential interference band are formed provided by a curvilinear-shaped bulge in the shank. As the bulge is formed an undercut is created between the bulge and a shoulder which extends downwardly from a head of the fastener. This method of formation and the fastener produced thereby are particularly suited to the manufacture of small clinch pins having a diameter in the range of 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A tool for rammer die-cutting an annular part is disclosed. The tool includes a lower insert holder with a lower die cooperating with an upper insert holder and an upper die. Both dies include a die-cutting annular recess. The tool further includes a guiding device for guiding the part, restricting side shifts of the part while the part is lifted from the lower die. More particularly, the guiding device includes a column projecting from the lower die. The tool enables one to control the rebounding of a part and prevents it from turning upside down.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a process for manufacturing a part made of a magnesium alloy is disclosed. The process includes a step of forging a block of the alloy followed by a heat treatment. The alloy is a casting alloy based on 85% magnesium, and containing, by weight: 0.2 to 1.3% zinc; 2 to 4.5% neodymium; 0.2 to 7.0% rare-earth metal with an atomic number from 62 to 71; 0.2 to 1% zirconium. The forging is carried out at a temperature above 400° C. In particular the temperature is set between 420 and 430° C. and the forging step comprises a plastic deformation carried out at a slow rate. The process allows one to produce parts such as elements of casing for aeronautical machines, operating at a temperature of around 200° C. and having good aging properties.

Abstract: The forming recesses of a lower die and an upper die are formed to have a semi-oval profile so as to provide a forming space almost oval in section with the dies closed. The parting line between the lower die and the upper die is deviated as much as h from the major axis of the forming space toward the upper die side, and the opening width of the forming recess of the lower die is set to be slightly larger than the opening width of the forming recess of the upper die. A metal bent tube is plastic-deformed into an almost oval shape in section by closing the dies while being compressed in a peripheral direction by the lower and upper dies to eliminate spring-back caused by bending, whereby the buckling and pinching toward the outer side of the tube wall is prevented by the expanded portion of the lower die and buckling toward the inner side of the tube wall is prevented by a step difference formed by the difference in opening width between the lower die and the upper die.

Abstract: There are provided a bending die to be used in an apparatus and method for manufacturing an automotive suspension arm to allow the manufacturing apparatus to have a simple and low-cost structure and a reduced installation area and perform automated manufacturing, and the apparatus and method for manufacturing the automotive suspension arm using the bending die. A bending die used in the apparatus for manufacturing the automotive suspension arm to bend a rod-like raw material and produce a bent material includes a lower bending die including a mounting portion for mounting thereon the rod-like raw material and an upper bending die including a pressing portion for vertically pressing the rod-like raw material mounted on the lower bending die. The mounting portion and the pressing portion include a lower die contact portion and an upper die contact portion each formed into a shape along the bent shape of the bent material to come in contact with the bent material.

Abstract: A brake caliper for a disk brake, in particular for motorcycles and/or bicycles, includes a housing (30) in which a disk space (39) for receiving a brake disk and a brake cylinder (35) for receiving a brake piston (25) are formed. The brake cylinder (35) is connected to the disk space (39) and has, on its side opposite to the disk space (39), an assembly opening (50) through which the brake piston (25) can be inserted into the brake cylinder (35). A closure element (10) closes the assembly opening (50) after the insertion of the brake piston (25) into the brake cylinder (35). A securing element (21) secures the closure element (10) in the assembly opening (50) against forces in the direction of the main axis of the brake cylinder (35).

Abstract: A gear wheel includes multiple helical toothings, each having a different helical angle. A pressing method for molding a gear wheel involves introducing a compactable material into a chamber of a pressing tool, compacting the material, exposing the helical toothings of the gear wheel, and removing the molded body from the pressing tool. A pressing tool for pressing, as one part, a gear wheel, includes a matrix, cylindrical first and second molding tool parts which can be translated along and then rotated about a longitudinal axis, and a driver coupled to the molding tool parts or driving them. The molding tool parts can be moved towards and away from each other and the inner surface of the matrix delimits the chamber and is shaped to allow a linear axial sliding movement of the compactable material relative to the matrix.

Abstract: A hole punching method capable of executing hole punching with high material yield at a low load and preventing occurrence of underfill is provided.

Abstract: A structural inner, such as a vehicular door inner, formed from an engineered non-linearly welded blank comprising blank sections of differing thickness, a method of reducing the mass of the blank and redistributing the stresses experienced thereby during a drawing process, and a modified three-piece draw die having a control split device adapted for stamping the blank and localizing, minimizing and redirecting a blank failure to a predetermined location, such as the speaker hole of the door, during the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a process for manufacturing a part made of a magnesium alloy, comprising a step of forging a block of said alloy followed by a heat treatment, characterized in that the alloy is a casting alloy based on 85% magnesium, and containing, by weight: 0.2 to 1.3% zinc; 2 to 4.5% neodymium; 0.2 to 7.0% rare-earth metal with an atomic weight from 62 to 71; 0.2 to 1% zirconium, and in that the forging is carried out at a temperature above 400° C. In particular the temperature is set between 420 and 430° C. and the forging step comprises a plastic deformation carried out at a slow rate. The process allows to produce parts such as elements of casing for aeronautical machines, operating at a temperature of around 200° C. and having good aging properties.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a hollow blade (1) for a turbomachine in which the blade (1) is made from a preform (14) obtained from external primary parts (28, 30). In order to reduce costs, the root part (2) of the blade is formed from spare material (34) entirely located on only one of the two external primary parts of the preform (14).

Abstract: With a first push rod which is to be inserted/removed into/from a steel pipe through an opening at one end and a second push rod which is to be inserted/removed into/from the steel pipe through an opening at the other end, a metal core disposed on a side on which the first push rod is inserted/removed into/from the die assembly is sandwiched and this metal core is stopped from rotating with the first push rod. With the state of stopping the rotation of the first push rod, the metal core is introduced into the steel pipe through the opening at the one end by both the push rods. After the metal core is pressed into the steel pipe while stopped from rotating with the first push rod, this metal core is pushed back by the second push rod.

Abstract: The present invention provides a closed forging die and a forging method with which sagging can be reduced, a constant velocity joint and a universal joint can be made compact and lightweight, remove of a shaft tip thereof by machining prior to heat treatment is not required, and material costs and machining costs can be reduced. The closed forging die according to the present invention includes openable dies (11, 12), and punches (14, 15) that move in an opening/closing direction of the dies (11, 12) to pressurize a material in the dies (11, 12). By using the die, a product (16) having shaft portions (17) formed radially is manufactured. A clearance (26) is provided to each of the formed shaft portions (17) between a tip surface (17a), and abutting portions (25) are provided to the dies side abutting against at least a tip side of an outer circumferential surface of the shaft portions (17).

Abstract: A forging die includes on one face, a half-imprint of a part to be forged such as a turbine engine blade. The die also includes on the face, a device for forming a marking along two directions relatively to which the position of the imprint is defined, the device including two pads protruding relatively to the face and each including two notches defining the two directions. This device preferably includes two pads machined on the die at the same time as the imprint, and each including two notches in the form of a cross.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a drug eluting stent, the method comprising coupling a stent framework to a mandrel, inserting the mandrel with stent framework into an open die, the die including a forming surface including a plurality of raised indention forming portions; closing the die against the stent framework; pressing the raised indention portions into the stent framework to form indentions in the stent framework; and inserting at least one drug polymer into the indentions formed in the stent framework.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a golf club head with a disparate metallic material provided on a hosel side of the head, which can improve degree of freedom in the design of a head. A head body is made up of a columnar material body 13 made from a forgeable metallic material such as copper and a disparate metallic member 12 as an axial member. The disparate metallic member 12 has its proximal end 12A inserted into a bore 14 formed along a center of axis of the material body 13, while its distal end 12B protruded in the axial direction X. The material body 13 is placed on a lower die 22 which is formed with a mold 21 defining a contour of the head body 11, and then an upper die is pressed thereto. Thus, hot forging process is carried out to form a golf club head.

Abstract: A method of and device for forming a tripode star for a tripode joint, which tripode star comprises an annular hub member and three arms which adjoin the hub member, extend radially relative to a longitudinal axis (A) and form faces of spherical portions each positioned circumferentially relative to arm axes (Z) of the arms, wherein, in a first production stage, the hub member and the three arms are preformed from a blank by means of a first tool divided in a plane (E1) containing the arm axes (Z) and wherein, in a second production stage, pairs of burr-free faces of spherical portions positioned opposite one another in the circumferential direction relative to the hub member (12) are formed on to the preformed arms by means of a second tool divided in planes extending through the longitudinal axis (A) of the hub member and through the arm axes (Z).

Abstract: A removable trailer hitch ball in which a generally spherical configuration hollow ball with opposed upper and lower vertically aligned bore holes for removable attachment to a stud with a cross bore aligned with transversely aligned holes on opposite sides of the hollow ball. A removable lock pin with a spring loaded detent ball is inserted through the transversely aligned holes of the hollow ball and stud. The spring loaded detent ball is protruded into a cavity between the side of the stud and the inner wall of the hollow ball to detachably secure the hollow ball onto the stud which may be integrally formed at the end of a drawbar for detachable connection to a receiver of a trailer hitch. Different size balls may be detachably secured to a given stud. In one embodiment the stud is formed in a shank integrally at one end of a drawbar.

Abstract: A tool body is cold formed by inserting a blank into a die which defines a portion of the outer surface of the tool body after which a punch applies an impact to the blank causing the outer surface of the blank to conform to the contour defined by the die. The tool body has a tapered forward end, a central radial flange and a rearward cylindrical shank. To cold forge a fixed diameter in the central flange of the tool the forging die has a cylindrical portion having an inner diameter equal to the desired diameter of the flange, the die having an end to allow overfill to be released forward of the fixed diameter portion. Also, a shoulder is formed between the cylindrical shank and a frustoconical portion between the shank and rear surface of the flange. Finally, the shank has an elongate cylindrical hub to facilitate alignment of the tool.

Abstract: A non-precurled, non-curled shell is transferred to a reform station. The reform station contains a coin die and a coin punch. The coin die has the desired round finished blank diameter machined into its face. The die cavity has a round die wall which stops the outward flow of material during the coining process. The die wall produces the blank's final shape. During the coining process, the coining punch compresses the scalloped blank edge of the non-curled, non-precurled shell. The coined area causes material to flow outward, coming in contact with the die wall, forming the blanks outer perimeter.

Abstract: The disk has a traction surface having a concave-arc-shaped cross section which is interposed between a small diameter end portion and a large diameter end portion. In the central portion of the end face of the disk on the small diameter end portion side, there is formed a through hole which extends through the disk up to the large diameter end portion side end face of the disk, while the inner peripheral surface of the through hole is used as an inside diameter surface of the disk. Here, when, among metal flows existing in the disk, a metal flow, which has such a positional relationship with respect to the surface of the disk that an angle .theta. formed between a metal flow on the traction surface side and the tangent of the traction surface is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees, is defined as a "metal flow along the disk surface", the disk is structured such that the "metal flow along the disk surface" exists at least in the traction surface.

Abstract: A die for forming the toothed end of a steering rack bar from a cylindrical blank includes first and second die blocks relatively movable to converge on the blank. The die blocks incorporate opposed generally semicircular recesses to accommodate the blank. One recess incorporates the obverse form of the teeth. The recesses define a main cavity between them, as the die blocks converge to their final closed position. Subsidiary recesses are provided in one or both die blocks at the joint line therebetween, defining chambers at the final closed position. The chambers incorporates stop elements located laterally remote from the main cavity. The stop elements include longitudinally extending abutments on the first die block which overlap respective juxtaposed abutments on the second die block as the final closed position is approached. The stop elements restrict further flow of blank material away from the main cavity, while preventing blank material from flowing between the overlapped juxtaposed abutments.

Abstract: A device for expanding rotationally symmetrical shaped parts (16), including a divided expanding mold (1), a pressure die (11) and a pressurizing means (14), wherein a mold cavity (9) of the expanding mold (1) is defined in axial directions by continuous end faces (20,21) of two spaced annular molds (17,18) and in radial direction by an inner peripheral surface of two mold halves (2,3).

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for coining tapers at opposite end faces of a sleeve member in which upper and lower punches are displaced relative to upper and lower dies, respectively, before start of a coining operation, to engage the opposite end faces of the sleeve member. Thereafter, the upper die is advanced together with the upper punch to effect coining. The sleeve member is supported at both its opposite end faces during the entire coining operation.

Abstract: Two pieces of metal are bonded together at a surface by placing the two pieces into contact at the surface and forging the two pieces in a die which causes substantial displacement of the metal originally at the surface in a direction parallel to and outwardly from the edges of the surface. In this way, many of the defects which are potentially present at the original surface are displaced with moving metal away from the original contact between the two pieces of metal into sacrificial ribs and the remaining defects are exposed to significant strain. A portion of the displaced metal which contains many of the defects and which forms the sacrificial ribs is removed from the resulting bonded work piece as the sacrificial ribs are removed from the work piece. The result is a bond with superior properties and with a bond surface which can be located very precisely.

Abstract: An article of manufacture having at least a first and a second part, each part having different mechanical properties, compositions, microstructures or combinations thereof, being joined together using a forging process to yield a substantially defect-free joint region. The article in the form of a turbine disk is particularly suited for use in a gas turbine engine in which the hub or inner portion must be resistant to low cycle fatigue and have high strength, while the rim or outer portion must be resistant to stress rupture failure and creep failure.

Abstract: An elongated flexible tube that constitutes an insert part of an endoscope. The flexible tube comprises: a spiral tube made of a precipitation hardening metal and having a groove which is recessed inwardly from the outer surface of the tube, the groove extending in a straight line along the axis of the tube, the spiral tube being subjected to age hardening process after a solid solution treatment; a braided-wire tube formed by weaving fine metal wires into a braid, the braided-wire tube being closely fitted over the outer surface of the spiral tube; and a flexible skin closely and watertightly fitted over the outer surface of the braided-wire tube.

Abstract: A ceramic isothermal forging die comprises a pair of disk-shaped die halves that are formed of ceramic and have die cavities cut in their mating surfaces and a pair of die half holders each having a recess for accommodating one of the die halves. Each die half is divided into a plurality of radial segments whose bottom surfaces are tapered away from their mating surface with increasing proximity to the center of the die. The floor of each die half holder is tapered to become deeper toward the center of the die and to be complementary to the tapered bottom surfaces of the die segments. The ceramic material of the die makes it usable in the atmosphere. Because of the segmentation of the die halves and the tapering of the segment bottoms and the floor of the die holder recesses, a large force which would otherwise be produced in the circumferential direction of the die by thermal stress during heating and cooling is suppressed.

Abstract: The disk has a traction surface having a concave-arc-shaped cross section which is interposed between a small diameter end portion and a large diameter end portion. In the central portion of the end face of the disk on the small diameter end portion side, there is formed a through hole which extends through the disk up to the large diameter end portion side end face of the disk, while the inner peripheral surface of the through hole is used as an inside diameter surface of the disk. Here, when, among metal flows existing in the disk, a metal flow, which has such a positional relationship with respect to the surface of the disk that an angle ? formed between a metal flow on the traction surface side and the tangent of the traction surface is smaller than or equal to 30 degrees, is defined as a “metal flow along the disk surface”, the disk is structured such that the “metal flow along the disk surface” exists at least in the traction surface.

Abstract: A box-like frame member is formed by compressing an internally-pressurized tubular blank within a die having a cavity conforming to the final box-like cross section desired for the product, and increasing the pressure to exceed the yield limit of the wall of the blank to expand the blank into conformity with the die cavity. The blank is selected so that the final product and the die cavity have a circumference preferably no more than about 5% larger than the circumference of the blank, to avoid weakening or cracking of the blank through excessive circumferential expansion. The internal pressure forces the blank evenly into the corners of the die on closing and allows the blank to be confined within the die without sections of the die pinching the blank on closing of the die.