Abstract: A box-like frame member is formed by compressing an internally-pressurized tubular blank within a die having a cavity conforming to the final box-like cross section desired for the product, and increasing the pressure to exceed the yield limit of the wall of the blank to expand the blank into conformity with the die cavity. The blank is selected so that the final product and the die cavity have a circumference preferably no more than about 5% larger than the circumference of the blank, to avoid weakening or cracking of the blank through excessive circumferential expansion. The internal pressure forces the blank evenly into the corners of the die on closing and allows the blank to be confined within the die without sections of the die pinching the blank on closing of the die.

Abstract: A method (FIGS. 4 and 4a) for making ring rolling preforms (102) of substantially toroidal shape for ring rolling (84) into substantially rectangular cross-sectional wall shaped forging blank rings (104) to be precision forged (86) into near net ring gear forgings (106) for heavy-duty drive axle ring gears (14) is provided. The method, and the preform forging die (138) used therefor, allow a series of preforms having between eighty percent (80%) to one hundred percent (100%) of the volume of the toroidal cavity portion (150) of the preform die to be forged utilizing a common die.

Abstract: A box-like frame member is formed by compressing an internally-pressurized tubular blank within a die having a cavity conforming to the final box-like cross section desired for the product, and increasing the pressure to exceed the yield limit of the wall of the blank to expand the blank into conformity with the die cavity. The blank is selected so that the final product and the die cavity have a circumference preferably no more than about 5% larger than the circumference of the blank, to avoid weakening or cracking of the blank through excessive circumferential expansion. The internal pressure forces the blank evenly into the corners of the die on closing and allows the blank to be confined within the die without sections of the die pinching the blank on closing of the die.

Abstract: A method of joining a thermally conductive element to an electric circuit chip for cooling the chip includes initial steps of forming an oxide-free preform of a fusible metal alloy by extrusion of alloy between two mold blocks or plates. During the extrusion, the oxide coating is left behind so that the extruded alloy is essentially free of oxide. The extrusion takes place at a temperature elevated to approximately the liquidus temperature of the alloy. The preform, which may be in the form of a pill or section of thin foil, is placed between interfacing surfaces of the thermally conductive element and the chip, and is then extruded along the interfacing surfaces under pressure and elevated temperature to form a thermally conductive, oxide-free bonding layer of superior thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A die assembly for use in a general type mechanical press machine has opposite upper and lower dies adapted to be fitted in upper and lower die sets, respectively, so as to be slidable freely by a predetermined stroke, and a differential mechanism interposed between the upper and lower dies so as to transmit a predetermined rate of displacement to the lower die in accordance with the movement or displacement of the upper die set. The differential mechanism comprises a rack and pinion mechanism or linkage having two pair of link mechanisms.

Abstract: A slide is vertically movable in a press frame and supports the upper die. A threaded main spindle is operative between the press frame and the slide. A clutch disc connected rationally rigidly to the spindle is connectable by friction contact to a driven disc flywheel for the operating stroke of the slide. Piston-cylinder units act between the press frame and the slide for returning the slide to the starting position. The spindle is axially clamped between two spring columns, one of which acts between one end of the spindle and the slide and the other of which acts between the other end of the spindle and a counter thrust bearing axially fixed in the press frame.

Abstract: An assembly machine is disclosed in which a slug of one metal is inserted and staked in a cup formed of another metal. During the staking operation, the shape of the slug and the cup is altered by forming loads thereon. Cups are fed to an assembly position through a plurality of feed chutes which supply the cups to a shuttle. The shuttle operates to alternately receive cups from one feed chute and then the other and to position such cups at an assembly position. A cutter cuts slugs from wire stock and delivers the slugs to the assembly position, where the slugs are inserted in the cups and staked in place. The shuttle operates at a cyclic speed equal to one-half the cyclic speed of the cutter so that the total output of the apparatus is substantially higher than the cyclic operating speed of the shuttle. A combined stock gauge and staking tool is carried by the cutter and the cutter forcibly removes the assembled cup and slug from the assembly position.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plating electrolytic nickel anode which is in the form of a sphere by directly and plastically deforming a plate-like electrolytic anode of high purity. This invention further relates to a method of producing a plating electrolytic nickel anode in which a plate-like electrolytic nickel anode is formed into a cylindrical body by upsetting and thereafter the thus formed cylindrical body is plastically deformed into a spherical body.

Abstract: A blank section of a steel rod is heated and then successively impacted between hot forging dies to form a preform or rough forging ball joint socket having a tubular socket portion and a laterally projecting mounting flange portion. The rough forging is then inserted into a die set assembly including an upper die member surrounding a relatively movable punch and a lower die member surrounding a relatively movable ejector member. The upper die member is supported by a piston of a hydraulic cylinder which moves with the punch, and the upper and lower die members cooperate to produce the desired precision external configuration of the socket and flange portions. After the die members are closed, the punch cooperates with the ejector member to form the desired precision internal configuration of the tubular socket portion.

Abstract: There are disclosed a shoe which is interposed between a swash plate and a piston of a swash plate type compressor and which converts rotary movement of the swash plate into reciprocal movement of the piston, and a method for manufacturing the same. According to the method of the invention, a columnar element is compressed in the axial direction for plastic deformation in such a manner that one end of the columnar element is deformed along the inner surface of a hemispherical recess of a die while the other end is urged against the flat end surface of another die. A shoe can be easily manufactured with this method, which has a flank between the hemispherical part which is in slidable contact with the surface of the piston defining the hemispherical recess and the bottom end face of the swash plate which is in slidable contact with the swash plate.

Abstract: A metal workpiece, such as a gear blank, is forged in a press. The workpiece is first heated and then placed in a working chamber above the press. Force is applied against opposite sides of the workpiece to press the metal of the workpiece outwardly against a sidewall formed by a ring die and inwardly against a side surface of a removable center section. After the workpiece has been shaped, the workpiece and the center section are removed from the working chamber of the press with the center section firmly gripped by the workpiece. The workpiece is then allowed to cool and the center section is separated from the workpiece.

Abstract: Method for forming scroll members comprising an end plate having an involute wrap rigidly affixed thereto. The end plate and involute wrap are precision formed, e.g., by casting, either as an integral element or as two separate elements and then the scroll member is coined to the desired dimensional accuracy and finish. If a separate end plate and an involute wrap are provided for coining, then they are rigidly joined during coining, an embodiment which permits the use of two different materials and/or the attainment of two different surface characteristics for the involute wrap and the end plate.

Abstract: A method for increasing strength and/or hardness of a preshaped metal specimen by cold working is disclosed. Compressive force is applied to the specimen slowly so that the yield strength of the specimen progressively increases and the specimen exhibits squirming instability as its diameter increases.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming, from a generally conical billet, a hollow forging of desired wall thickness having a generally conical portion tapering to a smaller cylindrical extension, the inner and outer surfaces of the conical portion having minor predetermined and spatially related devisions from purely conical configurations, said apparatus comprising, in combination, a die having a concave conical configuration, with a cylindrical extension at the smaller end, to conform to the desired external configuration of said forging; a punch having a convex conical configuration to conform to the desired configuration of the inner surface of the conical portion of the forging; and means mounting the punch for movement coaxially into the die from the larger end thereof, to an extent which determines the wall thickness of the forging.

Abstract: A universal coupling comprising an outer element integral with a first shaft having a spherical cavity inside which are formed grooves, an inner element integral with a second shaft and having an external surface in which grooves are also formed whose bottom has a section through a plane passing through the axis of the inner element formed by an arc of a curve, rolling means being disposed between the pairs of grooves, these rolling means being held in the windows of a cage. The inner element has on its outer surface a cylindrical surface portion situated substantially in the median region in the axial direction and extending at least substantially as far as the plane orthogonal to the axis containing the points of the bottoms the furthest from the axis, this portion being extended on each side by spherical surface portions intended to mate with the inner surface of the cage.

Abstract: A method of forging an arcuate shaped toothed segment which is adapted to be bolted to an endless track wheel for an endless track vehicle. The method includes the simultaneous finishing without the necessity of machining of various surfaces of the toothed segment, and which surfaces are arranged at right angles to one another. The method includes inserting a rough blank so that the surfaces to be finished are held in a two-piece die and at an inclined angle in respect to the direction of die movement. As a result, all of the surfaces of the segment are simultaneously and completely finished so as to need no further machining.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming scroll members comprising an end plate having an involute wrap rigidly affixed thereto. The end plate and involute wrap are precision formed, e.g., by casting, either as an integral element or as two separate elements and then the scroll member is coined to the desired dimensional accuracy and finish. If a separate end plate and an involute wrap are provided for coining, then they are rigidly joined during coining, an embodiment which permits the use of two different materials and/or the attainment of two different surface characteristics for the involute wrap and the end plate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing stationary electromagnetic cores utilizes mild steel having a carbon content of up to 0.01% by weight and an impurity content of less than 0.31% by weight. Use of this material lowers the cost of manufacturing electromagnetic cores by shortening the drawing process and obviating the necessity for magnetic annealing.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a die, a punch, and a concentric counterpunch having an annular front extension; the die cavity has a spline-shaft-like extension and the counterpunch extension has a frustroconical tip and/or lateral teeth which mesh with the spline shaft. The counterpunch is spring-mounted upon the punch carrier.

Abstract: In a hydraulic forging press having one or a plurality of press rams actuated reciprocatively through working oil by reciprocating motion of pump ram given by mechanical driving means, a closed forging press being provided with one or a plurality of punch rams disposed in a position to communize said working oil with said press ram and perform double action with said press ram, and actuated through said working oil by reciprocating motion of said pump ram.

Abstract: A method of forming forgings having controlled grain characteristics and reduced residual stresses. In accordance with the method the amount of stock used for a particular forging preferably only slightly exceeds the amount of stock for the finished forging, with the blocking operating being controlled and performed so that the maximum flash anywhere on the part after the finishing operation and prior to trimming does not exceed a specified limit. Specifically, for the preferred method there should be a substantially equal amount of flash movement through the parting line of the finishing die around the entire periphery of the part, not exceeding a one-to-one ratio in the metal movement width through the flash land to the flash land width of the finishing die. Such control avoids excessive localized flow in the adjacent region of the forged part to avoid localized unfavorable material characteristics as a result thereof.

Abstract: A cold working process for the manufacture of a hollow tubular metal article having a shaped head, the process comprising: (a) supporting an open-ended hollow metal tube on a first forming tool with one end of the tube projecting beyond the end of the tool, (b) initially necking the projecting end of the tube in a necking die, and thereafter, with the necked tube held in the die by the first forming tool, (c) compressing the necked portion of the tube between the first forming tool and a second forming tool to form the shaped head.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to forging and pressing equipment, particularly, to presses exerting double action upon work. The press of the present invention comprises rams carrying males dies and rams carrying female die halves, mounted on the press framework for opposing reciprocation and associated with their own independent drives. The framework also supports a mechanism for clamping the female die halves, incuding, in accordance with the invention, wedges reciprocably mounted on the framework. The said wedges engage the rams carrying the female die halves along sloping planes provided on the last-mentioned rams at the sides adjacent to the male die-carrying rams, the wedges associated with different rams being coupled with one another and with their drive by a rocker arm spring-urged relative to the framework.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of cold forming is disclosed for improving die life. During a first phase a workpiece is initially engaged between a pair of dies with a sufficiently low force and velocity level to reduce die errosion but with a sufficiently high level to produce limited deformation of the workpiece and provide an area of mating engagement between the workpiece and the tool and die. During a second phase the workpiece is subjected to substantially higher deforming force and velocity levels and is further deformedto the desired shape. Such area of mating engagement is sufficiently large to reduce errosion producing localized pressures on the tool and die during such second phase. The disclosed machine is a ball header with the movable die mounted directly on the machine frame rather than on the reciprocating slide. The position of the movable die is controlled by a cam driven pusher so that the movable die position is independent of the position of the reciprocating slide.

Abstract: Helical or spiral bevel gears are forged from powdered material in a mold ving a stationary die in which a cavity is provided with an interior gear configuration conforming to the desired gear blank to be forged. An ejector rod is movably mounted within the stationary die along its central axis and is provided with means which cause its stroke to have an axial and rotary movement corresponding to the pitch of the teeth on the gear. The front edge of the ejector rod is provided with means forming a key-lock arrangement with the gear blank, thereby simultaneously rotating the gear out of the die on its ejection stroke.

Abstract: The present drop-forging die includes an upper and a lower die member which re pressed together in the forging operation to form a closed cavity of the shape of the finished workpiece without a flash gutter at the interface of the die members. The die is constructed in a manner to force the heated material of the blank to follow a predetermined flow pattern whereby to completely fill the different spaces within the die cavity in a fixed sequence before the material is cooled off enough to cause fabrication defects. More specifically, the material is forced to first flow downwardly to fill a recess in the bottom of the lower die member. Thereafter the cavity elements of the upper die member are filled by a material flow in the opposite direction. For this purpose the blank rests on a narrow annular surface around its bottom edge portion and is mostly unsupported in its center portion above said recess.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a corrugated waveguide which has pairs of sub-blocks for forming the corrugated metal tube into the desired shape repeatedly by mating the sub-blocks, separating and advancing them intermittently so that the desired elliptic section or predetermined shape of section of the corrugated tube may be gradually approximated.