Abstract: A sheet-shaped blank (10) for press forming is produced by shearing a metal sheet (30). The blank (10) includes a sheared edge (14), which includes a sheared surface (14b) and a fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction and has a loop shape in plan view. In plan view, an edge of the sheared edge (14) includes concavely curved portions (20). The average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction in the curved portions (20) is greater than the average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction over the entire perimeter of the sheared edge (14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine and method for the semi-continuous cold-bending of sections (3) with low ductility, of the type including a horizontal mount (1) and an interchangeable tool (4) against which the section (3) is bent. The machine includes a gantry support (10). The tool (4) is located in a zone delimited by the mount (1), vertical supports (5) for the tool (4), and a compression plate (7) actuated by vertical pressure cylinders. The tool (4) is positioned facing an actuation plane defined by a double set of hydraulic positioning (23) and push (20) cylinders. The bent sections (3) can be used for tents, skylights, facades, solar shading louvres, or three-rail frames for truck tarps, guaranteeing a uniform bend in all bent sections, without the section becoming pinned in the machine during bending.

Abstract: A tool and method of hemming a panel wherein the tool engages a flange to apply a compressive force with a stop initially preventing a distal end of the flange from moving inwardly. The hemming tool bends the intermediate portion of the flange between the flange bend and the distal end toward the panel. The stop is withdrawn to allow the flange to be progressively formed toward the panel until the distal end is aligned with the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A knockout has a support surface and the support surface has: (i) a first knockout outer diameter capable of supporting the first inner diameter of a container side wall when the knockout is inserted into an opening of the metal container and when the metal container is being necked with a necking die; and (ii) a second knockout outer diameter capable of supporting the second inner diameter of the container side wall when the knockout is inserted into the opening of the metal container and when the metal container is being necked with the necking die, and wherein the first knockout outer diameter is larger than the second knockout outer diameter.

Abstract: This invention utilizes a linear motor to impact peening media. It has three major applications: (1) deep compression low surface work peening, (2) Almen strip arc height testing and (3) manual peening. This process differs from existing processes in that impacts are controlled in position, velocity and mass. The indentor tip may have single or multiple indentors. In its deep peening/low surface work this invention competes with processes such as Roller Burnishing, Low Plasticity Burnishing and Laser Peening. The Almen strip testing application fills a void in shot peening quality control. There are examples of Almen strips whose arc height behavior differed side to side. Others have differed between lots. Recent peening production lines have been shut down by incorrect arc heights. This invention is an alternative to manual peening processes such as Flapper peening and hand held nozzle peening.

Abstract: A forging press includes a slide configured to have a die attached thereto; a drive shaft configured to cause the slide to rise and lower by rotating; a flywheel connected to the drive shaft via a clutch; a servomotor connected to the drive shaft; and a control part configured to control respective operations of the clutch and the servomotor, wherein the control part is configured to perform such control as to cause the drive shaft to rotate with the driving of the flywheel in at least one of a rising process, in which the slide is caused to rise, to cause the slide to rise and a lowering process, in which the slide is caused to lower, to cause the slide to lower.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of the present invention includes the steps of: preparing a pre-line forming member having no face line; and cutting the pre-line forming member using a cutter 12 to form the face line on the pre-line forming member. The cutter 8 has a tip part having a cutting surface. The cutting surface has a recessed curved surface c4. An edge of the face line 8 is cut by the recessed curved surface c4. Preferably, the step of cutting is carried out by axial rotation of the cutter 8. Preferably, the cutting surface has a plane part c5 formed on an upper side of the recessed curved surface c4. Preferably, the upper side plane part c5 is perpendicular to a rotation axis rz of the cutter 12. Preferably, the cutting surface has a conical surface Fc formed on a lower side of the recessed curved surface c4.

Abstract: Bending presses containing pistons providing up and down motion of the upper clamp, at least one engine for motion of the said pistons, and filling valves providing pre-filling during quick down and up motion of the pistons. The bending presses contain at least one pump of variable rotation and fixed displacement transmitting the motion received from the said engine to the pistons.

Abstract: A burr removing method includes: pressing, by using a work pressing device (7), the upper surface of a work (W) around a work edge (WE), along which a burr occurs, so as to be relatively freely movable, the work (W) held on a work table in a plate material processing machine so as to be freely movable in X- and Y-axis directions; when the work (W) relatively moves with respect to the work pressing device (7) in the X- and Y-axis directions, vibrating a striker (35) vertically, the striker (35) provided at a position below the work pressing device (7) so as to be freely vertically movable; and, when the striker (35) moves upward, crushing the burr.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for fabricating materials by die-forming that may be implemented to form a joggle in a bendable workpiece by securing the workpiece to each of at least two respective adjacent working areas, and then by displacing at least one of the at least two working areas relative to an adjacent working area in order to induce the joggle within the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a golf club head, and a method of making the golf club head, with an improved striking surface. The grooves are formed in the strike surface with tight tolerances. The grooves may contain a plurality of portions, including a radiused or angled portion, a portion having substantially parallel walls, and a portion having a v-shape.

Abstract: In a method and a device for creating a symbol in a workpiece surface via stamping (scoring or plastic forming under compressive conditions); the resultant stamping depth is measured and/or regulated constantly by using a distance sensor which is mounted on the stamping needle and is movable therewith. The stamping needle is placed on the workpiece surface before stamping is begun, thereby resulting in a first distance between the distance sensor and the workpiece surface. A second distance between the distance sensor and the workpiece surface is obtained during the subsequent stamping procedure, and when the stamping needle is pressed into the workpiece surface. The stamping depth results from the difference of the two distances.

Abstract: A cemented carbide tool containing tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, niobium carbide, possibly TaC, cobalt, chromium and possibly nickel, iron, molybdenum is disclosed. The composition of the materials provides a lighter material than usual, combined with a good resistance to corrosion as well as high hardness and wear resistance. These properties are particularly interesting for the manufacture of punch tools for cold forming operations. Cold forming tools made with these materials will have much better performance, particularly more steady performance and much longer lifetime. A method of cold forming and drawing, particularly deep drawing and ironing process of aluminum and steel beverage can manufacturing, is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method for the production of a rim hole in hollow profiles, a tubular piece is pushed into the hollow profile and placed there in such a way that it coaxially surrounds the location of the rim hole to be produced. The hollow profile is then acted upon from outside to inside at this location by a tool, with the rim hole being formed. In order to make possible a rim hole in hollow profiles in a relatively simple manner, this rim hole also satisfying high strength requirements even in the case of a small wall thickness of the hollow profile, it is proposed to first punch two opposite holes out of the hollow profile. At least one of these holes has a diameter which is smaller than that of the rim hole to be produced. The tubular piece is then inserted into the hollow profile interior, so that it comes to lie there coaxially to the common axis of the holes.

Abstract: To provide an upsetting method capable of efficiently expanding a bar-shaped raw material at least two portions. A plurality of guides 31 and 32 each having an insertion hole 34 are prepared. The bar-shaped raw material 1 secured to a fixed die 20 is inserted and held in each insertion hole 34 of the plurality of guides 31 and 32 in order. Then, a first exposed portion 4 of the raw material 1 exposed between a first guide 31 located at the foremost side of the plurality of guides 31 and 32 and the fixed die 32 is expanded in diameter by moving the plurality of guides 31 and 32 in a direction opposite to a moving direction of the punch 50R in a mutually adhering manner while pressurizing the raw material 1 in the axial direction with the punch 50R.

Abstract: In manufacturing a link plate for a roller chain, a band of sheet steel is intermittently forwarded along a path past series of dies, including rough punching dies and shaving dies. The punching dies and corresponding shaving dies are located symmetrically on opposite sides of an intermediate location along the path. The intermediate location coincides with a location at which the lateral deviation of the band reverses. Consequently, the outer peripheral surfaces of the plate and the inner peripheral surfaces of the connecting pin holes, both being formed by rough punching, are brought into very close alignment with the shaving dies.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring the carry through state of a mechanical press is disclosed. Actual slide displacement curves under load conditions are continually generated for the press being monitored. Values of rebound height, rebound count, and rebound number for the press slide may then be determined and utilized as indicators of the carry through state of the press. Measured values of rebound height, rebound count, and rebound number can then be displayed and used as indicators that the energy of the slide should be increased to bring the press closer to a carry through state.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus comprises a high pressure accumulator for sucking pressure oil supplied to a relief chamber of a relief valve to make changeover for the relief valve from a valve-closed state to a valve-open state when a forming load is applied to the pressure oil charged in a pressure chamber and the hydraulic pressure of the pressure oil arrives at a relief preset pressure, and a low pressure accumulator for sucking the pressure oil charged in the pressure chamber via the relief valve which is in the valve-open state.

Abstract: A brake time measurement and brake control system measures the brake time of a subassembly, such as an upper die of a press, with the programmable controller already used to control the press. The programmable controller has a selectable time interrupt which causes an interrupt routine inside the programmable controller to be executed at regular time intervals. By varying the duration of the interval, the precision of the brake time measurement may be varied. Also, since the system is implemented with the programmable controller already present on the press, no additional equipment is needed to measure brake time. The brake time monitor and brake control system also implements a top stop control capability with improved precision. The improved precision results from dynamically determining a top stop zone which is appropriately sized given the speed of the die.

Abstract: A seamless drawn and ironed container body having a side wall with portions of the side wall expanded radially outward from an initial cylindrical configuration and a method and apparatus for reshaping such containers.

Abstract: A method for hydraulic control of a toggle lever press in which the velocity of a driving piston rod is increased at least once in the working region of a press ram. The velocity of the press ram is thus kept relatively constant up to bottom dead center (or upper dead center) of the press ram. A toggle lever press has a control adapted for carrying out this method.

Abstract: A method of treating hot metal slabs (6) aims to reduce the width of the slab (6) produced by a continuous casting process to avoid the need for the prolific number of moulds otherwise required to produce slabs of various widths. In order to achieve this the hot metal slab (6) is presented, with its width dimension vertically oriented, to a pressing machine (24) having a vertically movable top platen (26) and a fixed bottom platen (28). The slab (6) is incrementally displaced, longitudinally, through the pressing machine and pressing forces are applied to its opposing edges by the platens, to reduce its width. Subsequently, the slab (6) is turned so that its width dimension is oriented horizontally and rolled between the horizontal rolls of a rolling mill (22). An apparatus for performing the method is disclosed.

Abstract: A pipe expanding apparatus comprising a reciprocating member to which a plurality of pipe expanding mandrels are attached to be capable of being inserted into a plurality of pipes to be expanded under pressure, a plurality of guide posts penetrating through the reciprocating member at desired locations for slidably guiding the reciprocating member, and extending and contacting apparatus which is mounted on a frame uprightly provided on a base, and is operated to reciprocate the reciprocating member for expanding the pipes. The extending and contracting apparatus is constituted by at least one pair of cylinders disposed at both lateral side ends of the reciprocating member, respectively, for inserting the mandrels attached to the reciprocating member into the pipes to be expanded under pressure when actuated.

Abstract: A device for bending a workpiece having a substantially planar leg fixed to a substantially planar cap at an initial angle comprises a block bar having a rounded bending surface for contacting the leg of a workpiece and a punch for urging the leg of the workpiece against the rounded bending surface to vary the angle between the cap and the leg from the initial angle to a desired angle while simultaneously maintaining the substantially planar shape of the cap and the leg. A method for bending a workpiece having a substantially planar leg fixed to a substantially planar cap at an initial angle comprises positioning the workpiece adjacent a block having a rounded bending surface and urging the leg of the workpiece against the bending surface.

Abstract: A wire straightener, and multiple preform rollers prepare a continuous length wire for further forming with multiple form rollers having multiple spaced apart notches on an exterior surface edge of the rollers. The notches cause a section of the wire to be non-formed. After the formed wire is fed to a gripper housing where the wire is cut to a predetermined length, the non-formed section is punched to create the fastener head. The end section of the fastener opposite the head is tapered and the finished fastener is ejected from the machine.

Abstract: A rod bending device using a combination of a movable mandrel and two moving rollers, between which mandrel and which rollers the rod bending is effected, the movements of which mandrel and rollers are effected simultaneously by the same power system and by a single power stroke. The power system, preferably a hydraulic system, effects movement of the movable mandrel which in turn simultaneously effects movement of two arms which support the movable rollers. This simultaneous movement of the mandrel and the rollers effects the bending of the rod which is positioned between the mandrel and the rollers. The curvature and the degree of the bending are determined by the shape of the mandrel, the positioning of the rollers on the supporting arms and the extent of the revolution of the arms about the individual fulcrums on which the respective arms are revolved.

Abstract: A tube bending apparatus includes a substantially vertical structure with a bending shoe reciprocally mounted in a vertical plane. The ends of such shoe ride in parallel vertical guide channels, while the center of the bending shoe is powered preferably by a single controllable pressing mechanism such as a hydraulic cylinder. Respective capture members are positioned at the top of each guide channel for capturing an initially substantially straight tube therein for bending. During a bending operation, the pressing mechanism raises the bending shoe upward in opposition to the capture members so that the tube is bent between such elements. Return springs may be provided symmetrically positioned on each side of the pressing mechanism for lowering the bending shoe subsequent to a bending operation. Preferably, the bending apparatus progressively forms an approximate 60.degree. bend in a tube of up to 15/8 inch diameter so that the resulting tube is bent without crimping.

Abstract: A planar material to be press-formed is confined in a space having a contour corresponding to the outer contour of the flange part of an article to be produced and is pressed between a punch member having a through hole corresponding to the outer contour of the hollow main part of the article and another die member holding slidably a mandrel having an outer contour corresponding to the inner contour of the internal bore of the hollow article, the mandrel being simultaneously projected into the through hole of the first member. By the pressing action, the peripheral part of the material is formed into the flange part of the article while an inward flow of the material is caused, thereby elevating the surface of the material in the through hole of the punch member and forming a recess in the opposite side surface of the material. The mandrel is projected simultaneously with said pressing action, whereby topless hat-shaped product is easily formed by one step.

Abstract: Large, heavy-duty, seamless high-pressure resistant ferrous-metal welding necks and other substantially thick-walled cylindrical articles are forged in such manner as to obtain greatly improved quality, dimensionally, metallurgically and otherwise, by the use in sequence of a certain combination of metal-forging elements; which includes a vertically disposed cylindrical female forging die member provided at its bottom with a removable disc and a surrounding circular forging kinfe; an annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring having an external diameter which is slightly less than the bore of the cylindrical female forging die member; a metal-working and metal-displacing disc which interfits with the annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring; a first round forging press follower of a diameter which is adequate to entirely cover the metal-working and metal-displacing disc and a substantial portion of the annular metal-working and metal-displacing ring; a second round forging press follower of a diam

Abstract: A wheel cylinder piston is made of sintered powdered metal having a boss provided with a flare on the bossed end surface to assist in holding the wheel cylinder boot in place on the piston. The piston is of the type that directly engages an abutment on a brake shoe instead of utilizing a pin to transmit force between the piston and the brake shoe. The flare is formed by striking a peripherally extending surface section of the boss end with an annular mandrel, the striking action axially compressing a cylindrical portion of the boss and creating an annular shear fracture extending substantially parallel to the center line of the boss. The compressed section extends to a depth controlled by the striking force and stroke and characteristics of the powdered metal material. The sheared cylindrical portion flares outwardly to form a flared end on the boss.

Abstract: A method for removing electrical runout in a machine shaft is disclosed. Electrical runout relates to electrical irregularities which can result from non-uniform electrical properties of the materials of the observed surface. A non-contacting eddy current proximity transducer is to be utilized and in which such a non-contacting eddy current proximity transducer is positioned to sense the portion of the shaft from which electrical runout is to be removed. The output of the transducer is sensed to provide an indication of the electrical runout to ascertain where the electrical runout is high and low as the shaft is rotated. The portions of surface of the shaft where the electrical runout is high is cold worked to change the resistivity and permeability of the observed material and bring electrical properties of the worked area in line with adjacent areas to cancel or to remove the electrical runout. In the apparatus, means is provided which performs a peening operation on the shaft to cold work the same.

Abstract: Automatic apparatus and method for simultaneously forming eyes at each end of a leaf spring blank in which hydraulic clamps clamp each end of a spring blank into a working position, hydraulic knock-downs knock down the ends of the spring blank about gooseneck forms advanced in alignment with and beneath the clamping surfaces of the clamps and partially form the ends of the blank, scarfing knives advance with scrolling dies to cut the extreme ends of the blank to conform to the underside of the gooseneck forms. The scrolling dies are advanced toward the ends of the spring blank to further form the ends of the spring blank to a semicircular form. Sizing pins are advanced through the semicircular form of the spring blank, and the scrolls are further advanced to conform the eyes with the anvil and form the spring to size about the sizing pins. The sizing pins are then removed and the formed blank may be passed to a quenching solution.