Abstract: Tooling and a method of employing tooling to produce beneficial stress waves in a substrate to provide high fatigue life structures. Stress waves are provided to work a substrate, causing dimples in the workpiece, along a uniform pressure profile in the workpiece. By use of the method, uniform beneficial residual stress is provided at surface and midplane apertures in a workpiece, so as to improve overall fatigue life. An improved tool shape is described, having a smooth curve, rather than a flat punch. Also, the use of a consumable wafer provides additional uniform stress profile benefits.

Abstract: A multi-axially forged mono-bloc piston includes a lower crown part forged of steel and including a pair of pin bosses and an integral skirt formed as one piece with the pin bosses 20. The lower crown part is friction welded to an upper crown part to form at least one closed oil gallery within the piston head. The lower crown part is forged in the longitudinal direction of the piston as well as laterally to impart longitudinal and laterally forged features of the piston. The laterally forged features may comprise undercut recesses formed in the piston skirt to reduce material in the overall piston structure. The lateral forging may also result in the piston skirt portion being discoupled from the piston head by laterally forged slots formed in the lower crown part 14 between the skirt and head.

Abstract: A sprocket includes a body, and teeth formed on the peripheral edge of the body. The teeth have a thickness greater than that of the body. This design enables the use of the existing chain and brings about a reduction in the weight of the overall sprocket.

Abstract: The toroidal-type continuously variable transmission includes an input disk, an output disk disposed coaxially with the input disk, a trunnion capable of swinging about its pivot shaft portion situated at a torsional relation with respect to the respective center axes of the input and output disks; and a power roller supported on the trunnion and inclinably rollable on and between the input and output disks. The trunnion includes a main body plane portion for holding a displacement shaft supporting the power roller rotatably and a pair of pivot shaft portions respectively formed in the two end portions of the main body plane portion integrally therewith, while two connecting portions respectively between the main body plane portion and the pair of pivot shaft portions are respectively formed so as to include continuous metal flows.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a shaft with a larger diameter flange, particularly for a cone gear, a round stock as the workpiece being rotated about its longitudinal axis relative to at least one spinning roll and is axially compressed and the material occurring during axial upsetting is formed to the larger diameter flange under the action of the at least one spinning roll. The invention also relates to a cone gear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the formation of an enlarged end portion of a bar (48) by upset forging. Before upsetting, the bar end portion (46) is heated to a forging temperature and passed through a passage (40) of a form part (2,4) and into a cavity (44) with increased cross-sectional area which is defined by the form part (2,4). The portion of the cavity (44) which is located opposite the passage (40) is defined by wall (42) with a shape corresponding to the cavity's (44) cross section. For the formation of the enlarged end portion, the wall (42) is pressed against the end of the bar and upsets the bar end portion until the bar material fills the cavity (44). According to the method a bar portion which is located in the passage (40) is also heated to forging temperature, and the form part (2,4) is moved simultaneously with the wall (42), whereby this bar portion (48) is successively fed into the cavity (44) during the upsetting process.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a sidewall member of a continuous casting mold from a copper blank, wherein the sidewall member has an upper and a lower edge and a curved widened area beginning at the upper edge and tapering in a direction to the lower edge and to the sides of the sidewall member, the copper blank is hot-forged via several intermediate shapes to a rectangular plate with an initial wedge shape. The rectangular plate is then further formed by final hot-forging in a longitudinal direction of the rectangular plate with a straight saddle, having a width that is only a portion of a width of the rectangular plate measured relative to the longitudinal direction of the rectangular plate, and the curved widened area is pre-forged. Subsequently, the rectangular plate is quenched and work-hardened. The rectangular plate is then cold-hammered via a wedge-shaped bottom saddle for work-hardening a middle portion of the rectangular plate and for producing a final wedge shape of the rectangular plate.

Abstract: A method for integrally forming and manufacturing an one-piece forged hollow crank of a bicycle includes the following steps: (a) forging and molding a leading edge of a crank; (b) extruding a crank body; (c) forging and possibly sealing a rear end of the crank body; and (d) cutting and piercing the rear end of the crank body so as to form a hollow crank of a bicycle. In such a manner, the hollow crank can be integrally forged and molded quickly by fewer manufacturing steps than that of the conventional method. In addition, the product surface of the hollow crank is finished to have a fine and pretty appearance so that it is not easy to produce a defective product, thereby enhancing the aesthetics and quality and saving the manufacturing cost of hollow crank. Further, better aluminum alloys can be used with this method than can be used with the prior art casting or welding methods.

Abstract: Metal coldworking tooling and a method of employing such tooling. The tooling is used to produce deformation in a workpiece, preferably via use of stress waves, to provide a selected beneficial residual stress profile in the workpiece, in order to provide high fatigue life structures in a minimum number of manufacturing steps. Preferably, action of an indenter causes propagation of stress waves to coldwork a workpiece, causing dimples in the workpiece. Preferably, the dimples are provided with a shape formed by application of a uniform pressure profile to the workpiece surface. By optimized use of the method, a relatively uniform beneficial residual stress profile is provided at both the surface and at the midplane apertures in a workpiece, so as to improve overall fatigue life. An improved indenter tool profile shape is described, having a smoothly curved indenter surface portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a large deformation apparatus for metal-based materials that comprises a mold (A), a support mechanism (B) for supporting the mold (A), and a rotary mechanism (C) for rotating the mold (A), wherein the mold (A) comprises a mold body (1), four holes (2) that pass through the mold body (1) and intersect in its interior, and engagement means (3a) for engaging the rotary mechanism (C), each hole (2) being provided with a punch (5) that can slide or otherwise move with friction in relation to the hole (2) and that extends from the end face of the mold body (1) to the intersection of the holes (2); the support mechanism (B) comprises restraint plates (6a), (6b), and (6c) for restraining the external end faces of the mold body (1) having holes (2), and holding plates (7a) and (7b) for holding the mold body (1); and the rotary mechanism (C) comprises engagement means (3b) for engaging the engagement means (3a), rotary means (8), connection means (9) for connecting the engagement means

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for near net warm forging relatively small, complex shaped parts, such as automotive rocker arms, is disclosed. Die and punches are provided, which collectively have surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the as-forged parts. Centralized workpieces, e.g., a transverse cylinders having a length-to-diameter ratio of approximately 1:1, are placed in cavities of the dies, and the punches are cycled through forging strokes to form the as-forged parts. The as-forged parts may have draft angles of 0-2.degree. and surface-to-surface transitions with radii of less than or equal to about 1mm, and may also have substantially parallel side surfaces.

Abstract: A method is provided, which comprises the following steps: Firstly, a profiled material of aluminum is prepared. Then, a profiled piece of predetermined length is produced by cutting the profiled material to length. This profiled piece is then inserted into a press. Finally, the profiled piece is pressed into the desired shape in the press. Further, a shaped part is provided, which consists of cold-worked aluminum.

Abstract: A method of producing a heat transfer device comprising a base (1) and a number of flanges (2) projecting from the base (1), the device being formed with the flanges in a first mutual relation in a first operation and the base being subjected to at least partial deformation in a second operation so that the flanges projecting from the deformed portion of the base are brought into a second mutual relation, the flanges being arranged at shorter mutual distances in the second relation than in the first relation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a disc brake backing plate with an edge hole which comprises the steps of first forming two substantially parallel grooves on the outer surface of the backing plate to define a raised section between the grooves. A channel is then formed within the raised section to define two ridges bounding the channel. Finally, the ridges are bent toward each other to define the hole.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making lithium-containing aluminum base alloy extrusion having at least a section thereof having a low aspect ratio or which is generally axisymmetrical, the extrusions having improved properties in sections thereof having the low aspect ratio or which are axisymmetrical. The method comprises providing a body of a lithium-containing aluminum alloy, pressing a portion of the body which is to form the axisymmetrical or low aspect ratio section through a tortuous path and extruding an axisymmetrical or a low aspect ratio extrusion section. The axisymmetrical or low aspect ratio section of the extrusion has a tensile strength of at least 60 ksi and an ultimate yield strength at least 4.5 ksi greater than the tensile yield strength.

Abstract: A universal gripping device for gripping and holding L-shaped and T-shaped workpieces comprises a main support on which are mounted a pair of opposed gripping members and an actuator for moving one of the gripping members toward and away from the other one for gripping and releasing a workpiece. A secondary support is rotatably coupled to the main support and has second and third pairs of gripping members and associated actuators mounted thereon. The three pairs of gripping members collectively define a generally T-shaped workpiece-receiving space for receiving T-shaped and L-shaped workpieces. By rotating the secondary support relative to the main support, the angle between the gripping members can be changed for accommodating workpieces of various shapes, and the movable gripping members permit different workpiece thicknesses to be accommodated.

Abstract: A handlebar stem fabrication method includes the steps of (a) selecting a metal ingot subject to the cavity of a first forming die and then operating the first forming die to process the selected metal ingot into an embryonic form having a front end section, (b) operating a second forming die to process the embryonic form into an initially processed form having a middle body section integral with the front end section, (c) operating a third forming die to processing the initially processed form into a secondarily processed form having a hollow rear end with a closed bottom wall and a rear end lug raised from the periphery of the hollow rear end, and (d) processing the secondarily processed form a finished handlebar stem by: cutting the closed bottom wall away from the hollow rear end of the secondarily processed form, making a split at the hollow rear end of the secondarily processed form to separate the rear end lug into two separated lugs, and then drilling two vertically spaced mounting holes at the two se

Abstract: A rod-shaped work made of metal is set into a forging die having a cavity where a load is applied to the rod-shaped work in the axial direction thereof and a twist is generated therein during an upset forging process so that an expanded portion is formed. This makes it possible to prevent generation of an underfill portion in the expanded portion which cannot be removed by a drawing process.

Abstract: The method and device for machining a sheet and controlling the thickness between the opposite faces of said sheet in a press between sheet engaging surfaces, at least one of which is a bearing surface of narrow width extending across the width of the sheet, in which the space between them is controlled to modify the thickness of the sheet in a series of successive steps which include moving the sheet relative to the sheet engaging surfaces, stopping the movement of the sheet and moving the sheet engaging surfaces against the sheet to compress the sheet to a predetermined thickness and controlling the stepped movement of the sheet and the movement of the sheet engaging surfaces in alternate and successive sequences.

Abstract: A machine and method for producing pressed items from coins, tokens, and like items. The machine includes multiple operating stations from where multiple operators can activate the machine; a press adapted to press coins, tokens, and like items delivered to it and to release pressed items therefrom; multiple collecting stations adapted to receive items that have been pressed; a gating device that delivers items to be pressed to the press in a predetermined order and in response to activation of the machine at the operating stations; and a dispenser that delivers pressed items from the press to the collecting stations in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: A method for producing a fully dense powdered metal helical gear can include the steps of placing powdered metal in a preform die wherein it can be compacted axially by rotating punches to create a helical gear preform. Next the preform can be sintered. The preform can then be heated to an appropriate temperature and inserted into a hot forming die wherein it can be impacted axially by a rotating punches to fully densify the helical gear preform. Next the densified helical gear can be inserted in a burnishing die where it can be forced through a helical profiled die cavity to impart more precise external dimensions. Process temperatures and impact forces can vary depending on the properties of the powdered metal and desired characteristics of the finished part. Secondary treatments, such as rolling, shaving, heat treating, chining to length and inner diameter sizing can be subsequently performed.

Abstract: A forging press includes a die set having a stationary die, a movable die in facing-but-spaced-apart relation to the stationary die along a press axis and defining a workpiece volume therebetween, and an exterior constraint extending circumferentially around the workpiece volume. The movable die has a base level region lying generally in a workpiece plane perpendicular to the press axis, and three rotationally symmetric segments raised above the base level region. Each of the segments forms an angular segment of a disk having an included segment angle and that is angularly separated from the other segments. A press mechanism includes a axial drive operable to move the movable die in a direction parallel to the press axis, and an indexing drive operable to rotate the movable die about the press axis by an indexing rotational angle.

Abstract: A forging die apparatus comprises a punch for applying a pressurizing force to a forging material arranged in a cavity, a cylindrical member installed to surround a part of outer circumference of the punch, for making displacement integrally with the punch, and a first ring member formed with a hole for forcibly inserting the cylindrical member therein when the punch applies the pressurizing force to the forging material.

Abstract: An adjustable hinge mount in which a first hinge member is fixed to a seat proper or frame and a second hinge member fixed to the seat back comprises a control arrangement acting on a bearing plate with upper teeth for locking engagement with internal teeth of the second hinge member. The bearing plate is guided by spaced guide walls of the first hinge member and pushed by an elevated portion of a cam pivotable about an axle together with a lever which is pivotable about the axle. Pivoting the lever to an unlocking or released position causes the cam to disengage from the internal teeth.

Abstract: For producing metallic bar stock there is first of all fabricated a primary product of substantially regularly round or angular cross-section, and this primary product is then deformed in cross-section to the final dimension corresponding to the bar stock by means of shaping. To provide for an efficient production of high-quality bar stock also in a minor quantity, the completely solidified primary product is subjected to a forging operation for a structural improvement before shaping it to the final dimension, during which forging off in one processing plane a spreading-restricted reduction of the cross-section in the range from (1.5 to 5):1 is effected.

Abstract: To make a metal torsion bar having an elongate central body connected to two hexagonal end heads via shoulders, the ends of a torsion bar blank are initially upset while hot so as to form the shoulders of the torsion bar together with cylindrical head blanks, after which each head blank is machined by removing material until the corresponding hexagonal head has been obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel device and method of shaping an end of a pipe. One end of a pipe is inserted into a shaped die in such a way that the outer surface of the pipe rests against the interior portion of the die. A piston is then inserted into the pipe in such a way that the outer surface of the piston rests against the interior surface of the pipe. The piston is then forcibly driven into the die against the pipe as to forcibly shape the pipe to a predetermined configuration. The present invention also discloses numerous embodiments to shape a pipe.

Abstract: This invention is a system for enhancing the performance of a forging press by increasing the size of the workpiece which can be effectively forged within the capacity of the forging press. The system includes the provision of a die set in which one or more of the dies is segmented, that is divided into two or more, and preferably three or more parts. The segmented die is provided with advancement means which allow each of the segments to be selectively advanced ahead of the other segments along the forging axis. The dies are installed in the forging press by mounting each die directly or indirectly to a respective die bed. In advancement means is employed to cause one of the segments to advance and be locked ahead of another segment. The workpiece is forged so that the advanced segment is a primary forging agent, that is, it transfers the vast majority of the force to the workpiece.

Abstract: A rolling system for producing an angle and a rolling method using such rolling system. The rolling system includes a heating apparatus for heating a steel strip while it is running, a universal mill composed of a pair of vertical rolls each having a groove in the peripheral surface thereof, and a pair of horizontal rolls. One of the pairs of the horizontal rolls have a groove at a longitudinal central portion thereof. Also provided is a group of two-high mills with grooved rolls that are closely disposed one behind the other. The heating apparatus may include a direct current-applying heating apparatus. Since the steel strip that is rolled on the universal mill increases the thickness of a central portion thereof, it is possible to roll an angle from a steel strip whose thickness is the same as the thickness of the flanges of the produced angle.

Abstract: Using the described method it is possible to manufacture an armature housing of a slide valve integrally including the connection sockets. The method makes use of two forging processes, which are both carried out in the same forging mould (1): The first forging process is designed as a forward flow pressing process, in which the blank (3) is forced into the lower region of the mould cavity (2) with the aid of a first mandrel (4) and thereby also fills the cylindrical recesses (2b) of the mould cavity (2), which correspond to the subsequent connection sockets. The second forging process is designed as a return flow pressing process, in which, by means of a second mandrel (5) having corresponding dimensions, the entire interior (12) of the subsequent armature housing is formed with the exception of the supply and outflow ducts which penetrate the connection sockets.

Abstract: A method is described for producing homogeneous wrought microstructure during equal channel angular extrusion of difficult-to-work high temperature alloys that exhibit a high degree of flow softening at hot-working temperatures, wherein flow non-uniformities are minimized by imparting an increment of initial upset deformation to an alloy immediately preceding shear flow through the deformation zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming structural members from a substrate heats a middle portion of the substrate in combination with edge guide rolls for laterally displacing mass of the substrate. Top and bottom rolls shape the structural member into the desired shape. The entire substrate is annealed. Thereafter, additional roll passes can be used for improving the shape of the substrate to the desired shape.

Abstract: For producing coupling members with a negative relief of the load-bearing contact surfaces, according to a method for the precision forging of coupling members, it is proposed that in a rough-forging process, first of all contact surfaces (5) parallel to the direction of the forging stroke are produced and in particular with an admeasurement exceeding the adjoining top faces (2) at least in the marginal region adjoining the respective common edge (3) of the spacers and that in a subsequent cold gauging process, the top faces are forged with exact measurements so that every finished contact surface extends obliquely towards the top face enlarged by gauging.

Abstract: The burnishing method and apparatus for implementing the method of the present invention utilizes a single-point burnishing process to provide deep compression with a minimal amount of cold working and surface hardening. In particular, the area to be burnished along the surface of a workpiece is defined and a freely rotating burnishing ball is forced against the surface of the workpiece to produce a zone of deformation having a deep layer of compression within the surface. The burnishing ball is then rolled over the surface in a substantially nonoverlapping pattern. A preferred embodiment of the burnishing apparatus for implementing the burnishing method comprises a socket having a tip member incorporating a ball seat, a burnishing ball disposed within the ball seat, a rod member integrally formed with the tip member; and a socket support for supporting the socket on a conventional tool holder.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy material of high strength and high toughness and a method for the production thereof are disclosed. The material of high strength and high toughness is produced by laterally changing the direction of extrusion of the aluminum alloy thereby imparting shear deformation productive of such strain intensity equals as an equivalent elongation of not less than 220%, preferably not less than 10,000% to the material in the process of extrusion and reducing the average particle diameter of the grains of a microstructure of the material to minute grains not exceeding 1 micron in diameter. The step of extrusion is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 300.degree. C., preferably not exceeding the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and more preferably not exceeding the recovery temperature thereof.

Abstract: A portable tool for mechanically upsetting a steel reinforcement bar (e.g. rebar), one end of which is typically embedded in a concrete or similar structure, so that a relatively wide upset head can be formed at the protruding end to permit the bar to be reliably coupled to an opposing reinforcement bar. The protruding end of the reinforcement bar is first pre-heated and then inserted within the upsetting tool. A plurality of rotatable jaws are first moved towards and then rotated into clamping engagement against the reinforcement bar. A supply of hydraulic fluid is added to a cylinder of the tool for causing a hydraulic piston to be moved in a first direction through the cylinder to simultaneously compress a normally relaxed spring and drive an upsetting block towards and into engagement with the pre-heated end of the reinforcement bar so as to compress the pre-heated end between the jaws and the upsetting block in order to form the upset head.

Abstract: A dynamic pressure bearing has a large load-carrying capacity, and a ridge portion defined between adjacent grooves is prevented from damaging an opposite surface. The bearing includes an axial bearing surface having dynamic pressure generating grooves formed thereon by plastic working. The bearing has ridge portions defined between the adjacent dynamic pressure generating grooves. A top end of the ridge portion has rounded edge portions and a flat bearing surface defined between the edge portions. Since the edge portions of the top end are rounded, an opposite surface is prevented from being damaged. Further, the presence of the flat bearing surface defined between the edge portions results in increased load-carrying capacity.

Abstract: A molded product with a variable cross sectional configuration in the longitudinal direction is subjected to extrusion molding by using a die set for extruding a molding with a variable section in a longitudinal direction, the die set comprising a first die 10 and a second die 11, the first die 10 and the second die 11 being relatively movably disposed along the web shaping-holes 16 and 28 and arranged in order in the extruding direction of a molding material such that a first extrusion hole 14 and a second extrusion hole 30 have web shaping-holes 16 and 28 communicated with each other and a flange portion shaping-hole 15 (27) of one of the dies is situated on the side of a flange portion communication hole 29 (17) of the other die, and relatively moving the first die 10 and the second die 11 while extruding the molding material towards the variable section extrusion die set.

Abstract: An easy open can end having an improved rivet structure integrally formed thereon for the attachment of a pull tab, a method of further forming a can end to incorporate the improved rivet, and tooling for accomplishing the method. The further formation of the can end includes the steps of bubble formation, first button formation, and final rivet formation.

Abstract: The gearing component, in this case a synchronizer ring with synchromesh gearing for automobile gear boxes, is manufactured by cutting it out of a strip of material with a precision cutting machine, at the same time forming gearing out of radial and at least nearly cuboid projections to be stamped into teeth which have a given ratio of tooth height to minimum tooth width. The excess material or flash formed during the stamping operation is removed with a punching tool. The teeth are deburred in a grinding operation, and the edges are rounded off to a certain extent at least. This method not only permits the extremely economical manufacture of such gearing components; a previously unobtainable precision of tooth shape and hardness is also made possible.

Abstract: A method and a portable tool for hydraulically upsetting a steel reinforcement bar (e.g. rebar), one end of which is typically embedded in a concrete or similar structure, so that a relatively wide upset head can be formed at the protruding end to permit the bar to be reliably coupled to an opposing reinforcement bar. The protruding end of the reinforcement bar is first pre-heated and then inserted within the upsetting tool to be clamped between a plurality of articulating jaws. A pair of hydraulic pistons are driven in a first direction through a respective pair of tandem cylinders to correspondingly drive an upsetting block towards and into engagement with the pre-heated end of the reinforcement bar so as to compress the pre-heated end between the jaws and the upsetting block to form the upset head.

Abstract: To provide a hot working method which can reduce working resistance during the early stage of hot plastic working, particularly extrusion and forging using a die.A hot plastic working method characterized by comprising the step of plastically working, using a die, a material having a structure of not more than 50 .mu.m in average grain diameter with dispersed spherical grains ranging in size from 10 to 200 nm, the working material having a recess formed on a surface thereof in its site facing a closed space formed by abutting the working material against the die surface at the time of plastic working.

Abstract: Sliced workpieces severed from a metal extrusion transversely of it and into a desired thickness, or bent ones made from the extruded metal pipes, are restrained at their regulated correct positions each in its entirety or in part. Subsequently, the workpieces are compressed in a direction to the thickness or in the direction perpendicular to the primary bending direction. Plastic deformation of or exceeding 0.5%, or more preferably 2-5%, will be produced in each workpiece. Alternatively, those sliced or bent workpieces may be pressed in a direction to that of thickness or in the direction perpendicular to a previous bending, after each workpiece is restrained in its entirety or in part at the regulated correct dimension.

Abstract: A locating feature comprises a plate and a protrusion extending outwardly from the plate. The protrusion includes a substantially linear portion extending from the plate and a dome shaped portion extending from the linear portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an engaging element for a one way clutch requires no special control with respect to such factors as squareness between a cam face and side surfaces, possible flaws, and cut size, and enables production of the engaging element for a one way clutch at low cost. The method includes shearing a material by a press to prepare a sheared member of a predetermined size, and a forging process. The forgoing process includes a first step of striking one sheared surface of the sheared member, a second step of inverting the sheared member and striking the other sheared surface of the sheared member, a third step of inverting the sheared member and striking the one sheared surface of the sheared member, and a fourth step of inverting the sheared member and striking the other sheared surface of the sheared member.

Abstract: The process for manufacturing parts of revolution which are made from a high-density metal with great regularity of reproducibility, especially as regards the homogeneity of the matter.It consists in carrying out the following steps:forging in three dimensions by successive upsetting and drawing-out operations carried out in three perpendicular directions;closed-die forging; andrecrystallisation heat treatment.Application to the manufacture of hollow-charged coatings made of tantalum.

Abstract: The process consists in increasing the height of the rail to the detriment of the thickness of the web (16) and of the flange (18). Firstly, the thickness of the upper part of the web (16) below the head (14) is reduced by machining and, next, the rest of the web (16) and the flange (18) of the rail (10) are heated up and deformed by forging. This process avoids hardness modifications of the running surface of the rail.

Abstract: A yoke of a universal joint is substantially U-shaped and includes a base portion and first and second arm portions. A method of producing the yoke includes the sequential steps of: (a) shearing a metal plate which is rectangular in shape and has certain uniform width and thickness so as to form a blank which is rectangular in shape and consists of a middle portion and first and second end portions; (b) squeezing the middle portion of the blank by cold forging so that the middle portion is expanded to have first and second peripheral bulge portions which are opposed to each other and that the expanded middle portion becoming substantially oval in shape and thinner than the first and second end portions in thickness; and (c) pressing the blank with a press machine to produce the yoke so that the expanded middle portion and the first and second end portions of the blank are turned into the base portion and the first and second arm portions of the yoke, respectively.

Abstract: This invention is a system for enhancing the performance of a forging press by increasing the size of the workpiece which can be effectively forged within the capacity of the forging press. The system includes the provision of a die set in which one or more of the dies is segmented, that is divided into two or more, and preferably three or more parts. The segmented die is provided with advancement means which allow each of the segments to be selectively advanced ahead of the other segments along the forging axis. The dies are installed in the forging press by mounting each die directly or indirectly to a respective die bed. In advancement means is employed to cause one of the segments to advance and be locked ahead of another segment. The workpiece is forged so that the advanced segment is a primary forging agent, that is, it transfers the vast majority of the force to the workpiece.

Abstract: An expansion sleeve (2) for an expansion dowel (1) has an axially extending expansion region (8) with axially extending slots (5) forming tabs between these slots. To enlarge the surface of the expansion sleeve (2) for assuring the attainment of high anchoring values, the axially extending slots (5) are formed free of any gaps. The gap-free slots (5) can be formed by extrusion including radially pressing together the tabs between the slots (5).