Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for producing an electrical steel sheet comprising the following steps: placing a green body comprising a first material on a substrate; structuring a surface of the green body; and thermally treating the green body.

Abstract: A unitary forward mounting assembly for a bodymaker includes a unitary forward mounting body with a cradle portion, a first support arm portion and a second support arm portion. The cradle portion has a forward side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side. The first support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion right side. The second support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion left side.

Abstract: A device and method for producing a component are provided. The device or method includes steps or units for providing a first component element having a recess in or on a first surface of the first component element, and for positioning a second component element in the region of the recess. The device or method also includes a step or unit for pressing the first component element and the second component element together, and as a result forming a material fit, positive fit and/or non-positive fit between the first and the second component elements at least in the region of the recess. The positioning and the pressing can be carried out or are carried out functionally, in particular, spatially and/or temporally, in terms of equipment, separately from each other.

Abstract: A shaped diamond die includes a polycrystalline diamond, the polycrystalline diamond having a machining hole, wherein a length D of a side of the machining hole is 100 ?m or less, a corner R is 20 ?m or less, the shaped diamond die includes a bearing portion, a surface roughness Sa of the bearing portion is 0.05 ?m or less, and an average grain size of the polycrystalline diamond is 500 nm or less.

Abstract: A unitary forward mounting assembly for a bodymaker includes a unitary forward mounting body with a cradle portion, a first support arm portion and a second support arm portion. The cradle portion has a forward side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side. The first support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion right side. The second support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion left side. Because the cradle portion, the first support arm portion and the second support arm portion are part of a unitary body, the unitary forward mounting assembly solves the problems stated above. That is, because the support arms are not mated to the cradle, there is no need for machined coupling surfaces; nor is there a need for aligning the support arms on the cradle.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of fabricating a polycrystalline diamond compact (“PDC”) includes forming a polycrystalline diamond (“PCD”) table in the presence of a metal-solvent catalyst in a first high-pressure/high-temperature (“HPHT”) process. The PCD table includes bonded diamond grains defining interstitial regions, with the metal-solvent catalyst disposed therein. The method includes at least partially leaching the PCD table to remove at least a portion of the metal-solvent catalyst therefrom. The method includes subjecting the at least partially leached PCD table and a substrate to a second HPHT process under diamond-stable temperature-pressure conditions to partially infiltrate the at least partially leached PCD table with an infiltrant. A maximum temperature (T), a total process time (t), and a maximum pressure (P) of the second HPHT process are chosen so that ? is about 2° Celsius·hours/gigapascals (“° C.·h/GPa”) to about 325° C.·h/GPa, with ? represented as ?=T·t/P.

Abstract: Disclosed are a steel sheet having excellent and a method for producing the same. The disclosed steel sheet comprises, by weight, 0.005-0.06% carbon (C), 0.2% or less silicon (Si), 1.0-2.0% manganese (Mn), 0.01% or less sulfur (S), 0.2-2.0% aluminum (Al), one or more of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) in an amount satisfying 0.3?[Cr wt %]+0.3[Mo wt %]?2.0, and 0.008% or less nitrogen (N), with the remainder being iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein the density of dislocations in the ferrite matrix of the steel sheet is 1×1013/m2 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a rare-earth magnet capable of preventing the lubricant from flowing down during hot deformation processing, whereby friction force can be made as uniform as possible at the overall region of the sintered body, and so the rare-earth magnet manufactured can have less distribution of magnetic performance. A method for manufacturing a rare-earth magnet includes: a first step of sintering magnetic powder MF as a material of the rare-earth magnet to prepare a sintered body S; and a second step of placing the sintered body S in a cavity K of a forming die M made up of a die D and a lower punch P and/or an upper punch P sliding in the die D, and performing hot deformation processing of the sintered body S to give magnetic anisotropy to the sintered body to manufacture the rare-earth magnet C.

Abstract: A rotary swaging machine comprises a tool unit having a tool space which receives a plurality of shaping swaging tools. The swaging tools are used for processing a workpiece which can be introduced into the tool space. A front cover locking mechanism of the tool unit includes an actuation device and is provided for locking a front cover of the tool unit in a position in which the front cover at least partially covers the tool space at a tool space side. In order to change swaging tools, the front cover can be unlocked and moved into a position in which the front cover releases the tool space for removal or insertion of swaging tools at the tool space side.

Abstract: A hot-pressing device includes a forming surface having a shape corresponding to a predetermined shape into which a workpiece is to be formed and a plurality of coolant channels formed therein so as to be arranged side by side and each having an opening in a side surface thereof when the forming surface is viewed from above or below. The forming surface includes a plurality of grooves formed therein so as to correspond to the coolant channels, a plurality of connection holes formed in each of the grooves so as to be connected to one of the coolant channels corresponding to the groove, the connection holes having openings at positions separated from each other, and a first connection groove connecting a portion of one of the grooves located between two adjacent connection holes to another one of the grooves located adjacent to the one of the grooves.

Abstract: An improved drinking can enables a user to have fluid return into the can after drinking The improved drinking can comprises a can body comprising a contoured bottom edge immediately adjacent to a bottom recess. The can body further comprising a can top mechanically coupled to a spout. Where the spout is shaped to funnel fluid back into the can body. The bottom recess is shaped to enable a first improved drinking can to sit upon a second improved drinking can where bottom recess covers can top. This protects the drinking area from becoming contaminated during shipment, storage, and display. The can body is covered with a mural where the mural is covered by a mural cover comprising a tab such that the mural cover can be removed by applying force to the tab displaying the mural.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lubrication method in a hot-rolling mill by means of a lubricant comprising used oil, said used oil at least partly stemming from waste coming from a cold-rolling mill.

Abstract: A machine tool (1) for processing a workpiece (2) by relative movement of a tool (18) with respect to the workpiece (2), including a homogenizer (15) into which water and oil are taken to disperse oil homogeneously in water, a working fluid produced in homogenizer (15) being supplied to a work area for processing of the workpiece.

Abstract: A nickel strip is made from a starting material of solid cathode sheets having a minimum nickel content of 99.94% by weight and a maximum trace element content, in ppm by weight, of <35 carbon, <5 sulphur, <14 manganese, <11 magnesium, <11 aluminum, <25 titanium, and <15 silicon. The sheets are hot-rolled individually in a single layer/ply. The sheets are then joined to form the strip.

Abstract: End-group components for superconducting accelerator cavity used in acceleration of charged particles are manufactured by subjecting pure niobium sheet materials to press forming composed mainly of flat-bottomed cylindrical drawing, preferably by simultaneously conducting control of slide velocity and/or its motion and control of tool die temperature and/or its distribution/gradient in the above press forming, further preferably by dynamically controlling blank holding force in accordance with the variation of flange area, flange thickness and deformed characteristics of niobium sheet materials during the press forming, more preferably by preparing an anisotropically shaped blank instead of a circular blank by use of servo press forming machine, servo-die cushion temperature control equipment, water-soluble solid coating type lubricant, and a tooling die.

Abstract: A steel sheet is provided. The steel sheet includes a multilayer coating including at least one zinc-based layer being 0.1% to 20% magnesium by weight which is covered by a fine temporary protective layer of 5 to 100 nm. The fine temporary protective layer is composed of metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, aluminum oxides AlOx, with x being strictly between 0.01 and 1.5 and chromium oxides CrOy, with y being strictly between 0.01 and 1.5. The at least one zinc-based layer is not alloyed with the temporary protective layer. Manufacturing methods for a sheet and part are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aluminum alloy strip with improved surface optics, which is fabricated via hot and/or cold rolling, and consists of a type AA 3xxx, AA 5xxx, AA 6xxx or AA 8xxx aluminum alloy. The object of proposing an aluminum alloy strip that is suitable for attractive and precious surface optics despite the elevated percentage of alloy constituents is achieved in that, after degreasing, the finish-rolled aluminum alloy strip exhibits an increase in the luminance value L*(?L) in relation to the rolled-greasy state of more than 5 while measuring the color of the surface in the CIE L*a*b* color space using a standard illuminant D65 and a normal observation angle of 10°, excluding direct reflection in 45°/0° geometry.

Abstract: Operating method for a reversing rolling mill having at least one reversing rolling stand (2) for rolling a rolled metal stock (5), wherein the stock (5) passes the at least one reversing rolling stand (2) in a sequence of alternating direction passes (7) and after each pass, the stock is wound up by a reversing reel (3, 4), wherein only rolling oil, without water as a carrier medium, is applied to the stock (5) by rolling-oil applicator (6), between the at least one reversing rolling stand (2) and the winding-up reel (31, 41).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-layer tool piece coating. For example, the tool piece may be a mold or die used for forming ultra high strength steel sheet. The multi-layer mold coating may include a CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer, a first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer, and a second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer. The CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer may be coated on a base material of the tool piece (e.g., a mold) for forming the steel sheet. The first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer may be coated on the CrN or Ti(C)N junction layer as an intermediate layer. The second TiAlCN/CrCN nano multilayer may be coated on the first TiAlN/CrN nano multilayer as an outermost surface functional layer, and may include carbon (C) of about 1 at. % to about 30 at. % for high temperature and low friction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for supplying lubricant to various kinds of steel sheets with different qualities in cold rolling without any restrictions, such as lubricant supplying apparatus or lubrication conditions. This method comprises storing two or more kinds of lubricant such as A and B, having different compositions, selecting one lubricant or a mixture lubricant of the above A and B in accordance with the friction coefficient between the steel sheet to be cold rolled and a work-rolls, and supplying an emulsion comprising a mixture of the lubricant A and/or B and heated water.

Abstract: A blank tube for cold drawing is used for the production of a longer-length, small-diameter tube such as a heat-transfer tube for steam generation in nuclear power facilities, wherein the blank tube will not cause scoring and chattering vibration in a drawing process. The blank tube is used to produce a cold drawn tube through cold drawing of the blank tube. The average surface roughness Ra (ANSI B46.1) of the inner surface of blank tube before drawing satisfies the condition: 0.10 ?m?Ra?1.00 ?m in the case of a blank tube for cold drawing for use in an oil-lubricated drawing. In particular, the surface roughness Ra satisfies the condition: 0.10 ?m?Ra?0.50 ?m in the case of a blank tube for use in a high-pressure lubrication drawing and made of an austenitic alloy for use in a heat-transfer tube for a steam generator.

Abstract: A method for lubricating rolls, especially work rolls of a rolling stand, and rolling stock passed between the rolls during the rolling operation, in which a lubricant-gas mixture, a lubricant-water-gas mixture, a lubricant-water mixture and/or a grease-medium mixture is applied to the rolls or the rolling stock on the run-in side of the rolling stand, wherein the mixture is prepared with at least one mixing device in the area upstream of the rolling stand.

Abstract: In a method for recovering lubricant or lubricant concentrate from a used mixture containing lubricant, the mixture containing lubricant and which is substantially dewatered is subjected to short path distillation at a temperature of at least 150° C. and a pressure of less than 1.5 mbar, in order to obtain a lubricant concentrate which can be recycled into cooling lubricants and which is free of very finely wear debris, metal soaps and polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for feeding lubricant during hot rolling, in which the surfaces of the rolling rolls are fed with a lubricating emulsion, characterized in that said lubricating emulsion, consisting of a lubricating oil having a viscosity between 10 cSt and 400 cSt at 40° C., mixed with water, is directed onto the surfaces of the rolling rolls via at least one lubricant feed nozzle, at a temperature above 0° C. but below 25° C.

Abstract: The pipe end correction method for correcting an inner diameter of pipe end of a seamless pipe made of a high Cr stainless steel containing 8 to 35 mass % Cr, and 0.1 to 10 mass % Ni includes a pipe end correction step following hot tube-making and heat treatment, that forces a plug into the inside of pipe end portion for inner diameter correction so as to expand the pipe end portion while oxide scale, which is generated during tube-making or heat treatment, remains accumulated on an inner surface of the pipe end portion. A lubricant film forming step, prior to the pipe end correction step, applies lubricant at least either on the inner surface of the pipe end portion of the seamless pipe or on a surface of the plug. Seizure flaws can be prevented on the inner surface of the pipe end portion of the high Cr stainless steel.

Abstract: A method of supplying lubricating oil in cold-rolling by emulsion lubrication, characterized by comprising: using a constant (supply efficiency) obtained under conditions of a specific rolling rate, emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, plateout length, rolled material width or roll barrel length, rolling load, grade of the rolled material, and type of lubricating oil and oil film thickness at the time of neat lubrication realized under the specific rolling lubrication conditions to estimate the oil film thickness realized by emulsion lubrication under the specific rolling lubrication conditions and controlling at least one of the emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, and plateout length so that the estimated oil film thickness matches with the target oil film thickness.

Abstract: A guide and retention assembly for spaced apart confronting plates of a die set for guiding the plates for relative reciprocal movement toward and away from the other. The assembly includes a housing with a mounting flange and a sleeve with a through bore, and a rod extending through the bore and slidably received in at least one bushing in the sleeve.

Abstract: A die for use in a sheet metal forming process includes a die material having a surface. A plurality of depressions is formed in a predetermined portion of the surface, where each of the plurality of depressions has a predetermined diameter and depth. Interaction of a surface of a sheet metal blank with i) the plurality of depressions, and ii) a solid forming lubricant, including particles of an average predetermined size and distribution, disposed on one of the die material surface or the sheet metal blank surface substantially reduces adhesion between the sheet metal blank surface and the die material surface during the sheet metal forming process.

Abstract: Compositions related to a water-based lubricant fluid for aluminum cold rolling which is free from measurable particles or oil droplets which can be applied in field production. A single-phase lubricant fluid may include water-soluble polymers, lubricating additives, anti-rust additives, anti-oxidant additives, pH-adjust additives, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: In an installation part (1) in a rolling stand for receiving a roll journal (24) having a journal bush (24) of a roll which is used in the processing of steel and non-ferrous metals, wherein the installation part (1) has a cambered side (3) which faces the roll and a run-out side (4) which lies opposite the cambered side (3), having lubricant receiving spaces (7, 15, 16) on the cambered side (3), at least one housing tongue (23) is provided on the cambered side (3) for the at least partial delimitation of the lubricant receiving spaces (7, 15, 16) with respect to one another and for the formation of a gap (25) with the journal bush (24), the width of which gap (25) is below a predefined gap width threshold value.

Abstract: A tube is made by first making a tubular billet with a central cavity by a primary shaping operation. Then the billet is fed to a radial forging machine where it is forged into the tube by decreasing an outer diameter of the billet and a radial thickness of a wall of the billet.

Abstract: A method of supplying lubricating oil in cold-rolling by emulsion lubrication, characterized by comprising: using a constant (supply efficiency) obtained under conditions of a specific rolling rate, emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, plateout length, rolled material width or roll barrel length, rolling load, grade of the rolled material, and type of lubricating oil and oil film thickness at the time of neat lubrication realized under the specific rolling lubrication conditions to estimate the oil film thickness realized by emulsion lubrication under the specific rolling lubrication conditions and controlling at least one of the emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, and plateout length so that the estimated oil film thickness matches with the target oil film thickness.

Abstract: When a hollow billet is inserted into a container, and hot expanding piercing is downwardly performed by using a plug, hot piercing is performed by using a formed glass complex comprising a ring-shaped formed glass part and a ring-shaped projecting part. The ring-shaped formed glass part assumes a disc shape having a circular opening for allowing a plug to be inserted at the center thereof. The ring-shaped projecting part is attached to the opening of the ring-shaped formed glass part, and assumes a ring shape projecting perpendicularly to the ring-shaped formed glass part. Thereby, the piercing work can be done safely, and defects can be prevented from occurring on the inner surface of the billet.

Abstract: A device for the optimized circulation of mandrels includes a presentation and/or cooling table for mandrel rods, a lubricating station for the mandrel rods, optionally an additional drying station for the lubricant applied to the mandrels, and associated roller conveyors. An additional secondary rod circulation of is arranged upstream of the standard rod circulation and includes two redundantly operating transfer tables connected to the presentation and/or cooling table by a third roller conveyor or the first roller conveyor for the discharge of no longer needed rods from the standard rod circulation. The third roller conveyor either forms the continuation of the first roller conveyor or is arranged parallel thereto with an offset. A fourth roller conveyor for accommodating mandrel rods or passing mandrel rods intermittently into the standard circulation via an intermediate buffer is arranged on the opposite side of the transfer tables parallel to the first roller conveyor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal sheet rolling method of rolling a metal sheet with a pair of rolls, as well as a rolled sheet manufactured by the metal sheet rolling method. In the metal sheet rolling method, respective interfaces between the pair of rolls and the metal sheet have mutually different frictions. Additionally at least one of the interfaces may be lubricated by a procedure other than lubrication by coating of a liquid lubricant agent. Alternatively at least one of the interfaces may be subjected to surface treatment by a procedure other than lubrication, or otherwise the pair of rolls may be made of mutually different materials.

Abstract: An object is to provide a lubricating-oil composition for forging molding excellent in lubricity, and a forging molding apparatus also suitable for the lubricating-oil composition of the present invention. The lubricating-oil composition for forging molding of the present invention includes at least two types of solid lubricants having different particle sizes, an extreme-pressure agent, and the balance of base oil. Also, the forging molding apparatus of the present invention includes paired molds formed of an upper mold and a lower mold interposing a forging material therebetween for molding and a lubricating-oil-composition spraying device for spraying the lubricating-oil composition for forging molding onto a surface of the molds, wherein the spraying device includes an oil-feeding tank storing the lubricating-oil composition and a supply tube for suctioning the lubricating-oil composition from the oil-feeding tank for supply to a nozzle, and the supply tube comprises a plurality of suction ports.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rolling mill apparatus and a method of shape control of a rolled strip which enables satisfactory shape control even in extremely thin rolling. A rolling mill apparatus of this invention has a rolling mill, which rolls a rolled strip P between upper and lower work rolls; a shape detecting portion, which detects the degree of flatness of the rolled strip in the width direction of rolled strip which has been rolled by the rolling mill; a spray portion, having a plurality of spray nozzles arranged along the length direction of the upper and lower work rolls, which sprays the upper and lower work rolls with coolant C; and, a shape control portion, which adjusts the spray amount and/or temperature of the coolant C sprayed from the spray portion based on detected information from the shape detecting portion, to control the shape of the rolled strip P.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a shaped part from an aluminum sheet comprising an aluminum alloy, in particular an aluminum alloy of the 5000 series, wherein at least one aluminum sheet is introduced in a forming tool and cold-formed by the same, and in a further step, or in further steps, the cold-formed aluminum sheet is heated at least once at least in some regions and at least once further formed. In order to create advantageous conditions for the method, it is proposed for the heated aluminum sheet to be subjected to the further forming step even before a temperature has been reached which the aluminum sheet has during the cold forming thereof.

Abstract: Forge lubrication processes are disclosed. A solid lubricant sheet is placed between a workpiece and a die in a forging apparatus. Force is applied to the workpiece with the die to plastically deform the workpiece. The solid lubricant sheet decreases the shear factor for the forging system and reduces the incidence of die-locking.

Abstract: A method of supplying lubricating oil in cold-rolling by emulsion lubrication, characterized by comprising: using a constant (supply efficiency) obtained under conditions of a specific rolling rate, emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, plateout length, rolled material width or roll barrel length, rolling load, grade of the rolled material, and type of lubricating oil and oil film thickness at the time of neat lubrication realized under the specific rolling lubrication conditions to estimate the oil film thickness realized by emulsion lubrication under the specific rolling lubrication conditions and controlling at least one of the emulsion supply, emulsion concentration, emulsion temperature, and plateout length so that the estimated oil film thickness matches with the target oil film thickness.

Abstract: When a hollow billet is inserted into a container, and hot expanding piercing is downwardly performed by using a plug, hot piercing is performed by using a formed glass complex comprising a ring-shaped formed glass part and a ring-shaped projecting part. The ring-shaped formed glass part assumes a disc shape having a circular opening for allowing a plug to be inserted at the center thereof. The ring-shaped projecting part is attached to the opening of the ring-shaped formed glass part, and assumes a ring shape projecting perpendicularly to the ring-shaped formed glass part. Thereby, the piercing work can be done safely, and defects can be prevented from occurring on the inner surface of the billet.

Abstract: In substantial volume production operations involving hot blow forming or hot stamping of aluminum alloy sheet workpieces, debris largely comprised of particles of aluminum alloy material adheres to critical forming surfaces of the heated steel tools. This debris mars forming surfaces and causes defects in aluminum alloy parts formed against them. Such aluminum-rich debris may be reactively transformed to change its adherent properties and removed from tool surfaces without removing the heated tool from production. In one embodiment, a hot sacrificial magnesium sheet may be formed on the tool(s) to alloy with aluminum debris and carry it from the forming surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of supplying lubrication oil in cold rolling for stable rolling without heat scratches or slip and achieving high productivity and improvement of the unit consumption of lubrication oil, that is, a method of supplying lubrication oil in cold rolling by supplying a predetermined kind of emulsion lubrication oil comprised of a mixture of rolling oil and water at the rolling stand inlet from nozzles, the method characterized by measuring or estimating the pressure in the lubrication nozzle pipe (lubrication nozzle pressure), controlling the lubrication nozzle pressure of the rolling stand where lubrication is susceptible to become excessive with the predetermined emulsion lubrication oil to 0.5 MPa or more, and, while doing so, supplying the lubrication oil to the roll bite inlet of the stand by direct injection.

Abstract: Aluminum, magnesium, and steel can be warm formed through use of a solid, warm forming lubricant which is a metal or metal alloy, or high melting temperature polar polymer. The parts can be painted directly after warm forming.

Abstract: A forming method includes using at least one forming tool to form a material of a workpiece and using a lubricant between the material and the at least one forming tool. The lubricant has a viscosity that is modifiable by applying or varying a field.

Abstract: A backing assembly for a Z-mill includes an elongated backing shaft having a number of longitudinally spaced bearing support surfaces configured to rotatably support cylindrical roller bearings thereon. The backing shaft is rotatably secured to a Z-mill housing by saddle assemblies which support the backing shaft in vertical movement along a generally eccentric path. A series of lubricant feed channels are formed along the interior of the shaft, and permit the flow of bearing lubricating fluid to each bearing support surface. The lubricant supply assembly is provided to supply an air/oil lubricating fluid mixture under pressure into the feed channels. The lubricant supply channel includes a supply manifold having internal valving to regulate the volume and timing of gas and oil flow therethrough, and a bearing plate having lubricant outlet ports.

Abstract: A process for the wet drawing of a steel wire intended for reinforcing a pneumatic tire. The process starts from a steel wire having a diameter greater than 0.6 mm. The wire is drawn through a series of dies of decreasing diameter, in the presence of a lubricant composition that is in the form of an aqueous dispersion, down to a predetermined final diameter of less than 0.5 mm. The aqueous dispersion comprises solid particles of an ester of a fatty acid comprising from 5 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The hot stretch forming of sheet metal alloys, such as highly deformable aluminum alloy materials, is improved by using a lubricant comprising bismuth between the forming tool and the engaged surface of the sheet metal. A precursor of bismuth, such as bismuth subsalicylate, may be dispersed in a liquid and applied to the sheet metal before the sheet is heated to its forming temperature. Other lubricants such as boron nitride may be combined with the bismuth precursor. The precursor compound is decomposed to bismuth (or bismuth and carbon in the case of bismuth subsalicylate) which lubricates contact between the surface(s) of the sheet and the forming tool during forming and removal of the formed part from the tool.

Abstract: A method and a lubricant application device for regulating the flatness and/or roughness of a metal strip in the outlet of a cold rolling stand by suitable metering of the amount of at least one lubricant per unit time applied to the metal strip in the inlet of the cold rolling stand. The applied amount of lubricant is metered in the form of a quantitative distribution over the width of the metal strip per unit time according to a detected control deviation between an actual and a desired flatness distribution over the width of the metal strip in the outlet of the cold rolling stand or a control deviation between an actual and a desired roughness distribution over the width of the metal strip in the outlet of the cold rolling stand or a combination of the two control deviations.

Abstract: A lubricant for use in processing of a metallic material includes a lubricant base composed of at least one paraffinic hydrocarbon and a modifier oil added to the lubricant base at a rate of 2-20 wt % of total weight of the lubricant. The modifier oil contains (a) a sulfuric extreme pressure agent, (b) a rust inhibitive agent and (c) a calcium ingredient. Content of sulfur is 0.5-20 wt % of total weight of the modifier oil. Content of the rust inhibitive agent is 0.1-15 wt % of total weight of the modifier oil. Further, content of calcium is 0.1-15 wt % of total weight of the modifier oil.